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==History== The community was laid in 1881-1882 by the [[Jefferson City, Lebanon and Southwestern Railway]] which became the [[Missouri Pacific Railroad]]. It was originally called "Proctor", after James G. Proctor, who was an early settler. The name was rejected because there was another Procter in Missouri. It was then changed to "Cove" because of its semicircular shape. That name was also rejected because of another similar name in the state. "Chester" was suggested but again was rejected because there was another Chester on the rail line. Ultimately, the railroad company imposed the name "Olean", after [[Olean, New York]], apparently on a lark, as no documentation survives explaining any reasoning for choosing a city with no connections to the town in Missouri, which in turn had no connection to oil.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://shs.umsystem.edu/manuscripts/ramsay/ramsay_miller.html|title=Miller County, Missouri Place Names, 1928-1945 - The State Historical Society of Missouri|website=shs.umsystem.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.millercountymuseum.org/communities/olean.html|title=Olean Community - Miller County Historical Society|website=www.millercountymuseum.org}}</ref> Attribution to Dr. W.S. Allee appear not to be true, as Allee never lived in or visited New York State.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oleantimesherald.com/news/state-and-union-seeking-out-olean-mo/article_205b3da2-d07e-11e5-9352-2bd51dd54029.html|title=State and Union: Seeking Out Olean, Mo.}}</ref> At the turn of the 20th century, Olean contained a gristmill and a canning factory.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/statemissouri00willgoog | title=The State of Missouri | author=Williams, Walter | year=1904 | page=[https://archive.org/details/statemissouri00willgoog/page/n489 447]}}</ref> The railroad left the community in 1962; its station is now listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnr.mo.gov/shpo/nps-nr/93001452.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100529052245/http://www.dnr.mo.gov/shpo/nps-nr/93001452.pdf |archive-date=May 29, 2010 |url-status=live |title=Info |website=www.dnr.mo.gov }}</ref> Since 1993, the community has hosted an annual [[Testicle Festival]] featuring cooked [[Testicle (food)|testicle]]s from various animals.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lakeoftheozarksvacation.com/june-1-2013-20th-annual-olean-testicle-festival/ |title=The 20th Annual Olean Testicle Festival! A Favorite event at the Lake of the Ozarks : Lake of the Ozarks Events and Vacation Guide |access-date=June 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130504001214/http://lakeoftheozarksvacation.com/june-1-2013-20th-annual-olean-testicle-festival/ |archive-date=May 4, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-29 |title=Olean Testicle Festival to celebrate 25th anniversary {{!}} Jefferson City News-Tribune |url=https://www.newstribune.com/news/2018/may/29/Olean-Testicle-Festival-to-celebrate-25th-annivers/ |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=www.newstribune.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/gutcheck/2010/05/olean_missouri_testicle_festival_jaycees.php |title=Olean, Missouri, Goes Balls-Out for Turkey Testicles - St. Louis - Restaurants and Dining - Gut Check |access-date=June 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604031208/http://blogs.riverfronttimes.com/gutcheck/2010/05/olean_missouri_testicle_festival_jaycees.php |archive-date=June 4, 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The festival wasn't held for several due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. The [[Olean Railroad Depot]] was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
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