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==History== Archaeological finds point to a settlement dating back to the 8th century. The first documentary evidence, in 1108, referenced ''Aldenburg'' in connection with [[Elimar I, Count of Oldenburg|Elimar I]] (also known as Egilmar I) who is now commonly seen as the first count of Oldenburg. The town gained importance due to its location at a [[ford (river)|ford]] of the navigable Hunte river. Oldenburg became the capital of the [[County of Oldenburg]] (later a [[Duchy of Oldenburg|Duchy]] (1774–1810), [[Grand Duchy of Oldenburg|Grand Duchy]] (1815β1918), and [[Free State of Oldenburg|Free State]] (1918β1946)), a small state in the shadow of the much more powerful [[Hanseatic League|Hanseatic]] city of [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]].<ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline= 1 |wstitle=Oldenburg (town) |display=Oldenburg |volume=20 |page=72}}</ref> In the 17th century Oldenburg was a wealthy town in a time of [[Thirty Years' War|war and turmoil]] and its population and power grew considerably. In 1667, the town was struck by a disastrous [[Black Death|plague]] epidemic and, shortly after, a fire destroyed Oldenburg. The Danish kings, who were also counts of Oldenburg at the time, had little interest in the condition of the town and it lost most of its former importance. In 1773, Danish rule ended. Only then were the destroyed buildings in the city rebuilt in a [[Neoclassicism|neoclassicist]] style.<ref name=EB1911/> ([[German language|German]]-speakers usually call the "neoclassicist style" of that period ''{{lang|de|klassizistisch}}'', while ''{{lang|de|neoklassizistisch}}'' specifically refers to the classicist style of the early 20th century.) [[File:Schloss Oldenburg.jpg|thumb|250px| Schloss Oldenburg]] After the German government announced the abdication of Emperor [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|Wilhelm II]] (9 November 1918) following the exhaustion and defeat of the [[German Empire]] in [[World War I]], monarchic rule ended in Oldenburg as well with the abdication of Grand Duke [[Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg|Frederick Augustus II of Oldenburg]] ''({{lang|de|Friedrich August II von Oldenburg}})'' on 11 November 1918. The Grand Duchy now became the Free State of Oldenburg ''({{langx|de| Freistaat Oldenburg}})'', with the city remaining the capital. In the 1928 city elections, the [[Nazi Party]] received 9.8% of the vote, enough for a seat on the Oldenburg city council. In the September 1930 Oldenburg state elections, the Nazi Party's share of the vote rose to 27.3%, and on May 29, 1932, the Nazi Party received 48.4% in the state election, enough to put the Nazi party in charge of forming a state government and, significantly, making Oldenburg the first state in the country to put the Nazis in power based on electoral turnout. By that autumn, a campaign of [[Aryanization (Nazism)|Aryanization]] began, forcing the sale of formerly Jewish-owned properties at steep discounts.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Goldsmith | first1 = Martin | title = Alex's Wake: A Voyage of Betrayal and a Journey of Remembrance | isbn = 978-0306823220 | year = 2014 | pages = [https://archive.org/details/alexswakevoyageo0000gold/page/44 44β46] | publisher = Da Capo Press | url = https://archive.org/details/alexswakevoyageo0000gold/page/44 }}</ref> In 1945, after [[World War II]], the State of Oldenburg became part of the [[Allied-occupied Germany|British zone of occupation]]. The [[Control Commission for Germany - British Element|British military government]] of the Oldenburg region resided in the city. Several [[displaced persons camp|displaced-persons camp]]s were set up in the city that had suffered only 1.4% destruction during the [[Strategic Bombing During World War II|bombing campaigns of World War II]].<ref>Ulrich Schneider: ''Niedersachsen 1945'', p. 95. Hannover 1985</ref> About 42,000 refugees migrated into Oldenburg, which raised the number of residents to over 100,000. In 1946 the Free State of Oldenburg was dissolved and the area became the 'Administrative District' of Oldenburg ''({{lang|de|Verwaltungsbezirk Oldenburg}})'' within the newly formed [[States of Germany|federal German state]] of [[Lower Saxony]] ''({{lang|de|Niedersachsen}})''. The city was now capital of the district. In 1978 the district was dissolved and succeeded by the newly formed [[Weser-Ems]] administrative region ''({{lang|de| [[Regierungsbezirk]] Weser-Ems}})'', again with the city as administrative capital. The state of Lower Saxony dissolved all of the {{lang|de| Regierungsbezirke}} by the end of 2004 in the course of administrative reforms.
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