Editing Ohio State University (section)

== History ==
{{Main|History of Ohio State University}}

=== Overview ===
==== 1870–1899 Foundational era ====
[[File:University Hall (Ohio State University).jpg|thumb|[[University Hall (Ohio State University)|University Hall]] was the first building on campus, built in 1873 and reconstructed in 1976]]
The proposal of a manufacturing and agriculture university in central Ohio was initially met in the 1870s with hostility from the state's agricultural interests and competition for resources from [[Ohio University]], which was chartered by the [[Northwest Ordinance]] and [[Miami University]].<ref name=":4">{{cite web|last=Berdahl |first=Robert M. |url=http://cio.chance.berkeley.edu/chancellor/sp/flagship.htm |title=Discussion of "Flagship Universities" by UC-Berkeley Chancellor Berdahl |publisher=University of California, Berkeley |date=October 5, 1998 |access-date=October 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511120058/http://cio.chance.berkeley.edu/chancellor/sp/flagship.htm |archive-date=May 11, 2011 }}</ref> Championed by the [[Republican Party (U.S.)|Republican]] governor [[Rutherford B. Hayes]], the Ohio State University was founded in 1870 as a [[land-grant university]] under the [[Morrill Act of 1862]] as the '''Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College'''.<ref name=":4" />

The university opened its doors to 24 students on September 17, 1873. In 1878, the first class of six men graduated. The first woman graduated the following year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ohio State History and Traditions|url=https://news.osu.edu/history.html|publisher=The Ohio State University|access-date=July 1, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216131558/http://news.osu.edu/history.html|archive-date=February 16, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> Also in 1878, the Ohio legislature recognized an expanded scope for the university by changing its name to "the Ohio State University."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://library.osu.edu/find/collections/the-ohio-state-university-archives/buckeye-history/faqs#1 |title= Why are we called "THE" Ohio State University"? |work=FAQs |publisher=The Ohio State University Libraries |date=February 21, 2014 |quote=The statute has quote marks, and states "shall be known and designated hereafter as 'The Ohio State University{{'"}}.|access-date=September 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815234443/http://library.osu.edu/find/collections/the-ohio-state-university-archives/buckeye-history/faqs/#1|archive-date=August 15, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="arl.org">The government of Ohio, in its official web site listing the state's compiled laws: "3335.01 The Ohio State University. The educational institution originally designated as the Ohio agricultural and mechanical college shall be known as "The Ohio State University"." http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/3335</ref>

==== 1900–1980 Middle era ====
[[File:Columbus, Ohio LOC 22.tif|thumb|A view of The Oval green space in the early 20th century]]
In 1906, Ohio State [[segregationist]]<ref name=seg2>{{cite web |title=Naming Policy |url=https://www.thelantern.com/projects/project/naming-policy/ |website=The Lantern |date=April 19, 2024 |access-date=2024-07-02}}</ref> president [[William Oxley Thompson]], along with the university's supporters in the state legislature, put forth the Lybarger Bill with the aim of shifting virtually all higher education support to the continued development of Ohio State while funding only the "[[normal school]]" functions of the state's other public universities. Although the Lybarger Bill failed narrowly to gain passage, in its place the Eagleson Bill was passed as a compromise, which determined that all doctoral education and research functions would be the role of Ohio State, and that Miami University and Ohio University would not offer instruction beyond the master's degree level – an agreement that would remain in place until the 1950s. In 1916, Ohio State was elected into membership in the [[Association of American Universities]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff|title=The Ohio State University {{!}} Association of American Universities|url=https://www.aau.edu/who-we-are/our-members/ohio-state-university|access-date=April 13, 2021|website=[[Association of American Universities]]}}</ref>

In 1911, president Thompson wrote in a letter, "the race problem is growing in intensity every year, and I am disposed to doubt the wisdom on the part of the colored people of taking any move that practically forces the doctrine of social equality."<ref name=seg>{{cite web |title=Students lead us closer to justice and equity |url=https://alumnimagazine.osu.edu/story/students-lead-us-closer-justice-and-equity |website=Ohio State Alumni Magazine |access-date=2024-07-02}}</ref> At the same time, Ohio State "practiced [[racial segregation]]" that was widespread across the country at the time against Black students, and "there is no known evidence [Thompson] saw benefits in addressing it".<ref name=seg /> In 2024, after attempts were made to remove Thompson's statue from the Oval, university spokesperson Ben Johnson stated "the naming review process is thoughtful and thorough and therefore could take several years", but the statue has not been removed.<ref name=seg2 />

With the onset of the [[Great Depression]], Ohio State would face many of the challenges affecting universities throughout America as budget support was slashed, and students without the means of paying tuition returned home to support families. By the mid-1930s, however, enrollment had stabilized due in large part to the role of the [[Federal Emergency Relief Administration]] and later the [[National Youth Administration]].<ref>[http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/heq/44.3/bower.html  ''A Favored Child of the State: Federal Student Aid at Ohio Colleges and Universities, 1934–1943'' Kevin P. Bower] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060303185523/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/heq/44.3/bower.html |date=March 3, 2006 }}</ref> By the end of the decade, enrollment had still managed to grow to over 17,500. In 1934, the Ohio State Research Foundation was founded to bring in outside funding for faculty research projects. In 1938, a development office was opened to begin raising funds privately to offset reductions in state support.

In 1952, Ohio State founded the [[interdisciplinary]] [[Mershon Center for International Security Studies]], which it still houses. The work of this program led to the United States [[Department of Homeland Security]] basing the National Academic Consortium for Homeland Security at the university in 2003.

==== 1980–present Modern era ====

Ohio State had an [[open admissions]] policy until the late 1980s. Since the early 2000s, the college has raised standards for admission, and been increasingly cited as one of the best public universities in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|last=Knox|first=Tom|date=August 25, 2015|title=Ohio State ACT Scores Set Another Record – And Are A Far Cry From A Decade Ago|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/columbus/blog/2015/08/ohio-state-students-act-scores-set-another-record.html|access-date=April 5, 2021|website=Bizjournal}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Greene|first1=Howard|title=The Public Ivies: America's Flagship Public Universities|last2=Greene|first2=Matthew|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|year=2001|isbn=978-0060934590|location=[[United States]]|page=12}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last1=Masuoka|first1=Natalie|last2=Grofman|first2=Bernard|last3=Feld|first3=Scott L.|date=July 2007|title=Ranking Departments: A Comparison of Alternative Approaches|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096507070825|journal=PS: Political Science & Politics|volume=40|issue=3|pages=531–537|doi=10.1017/s1049096507070825|issn=1049-0965|quote=...Ohio State's has come to be one of the major departments in American politics...|s2cid=15449994}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|last=Freedman|first=David H.|date=June 16, 2016|title=The War on Stupid People|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/07/the-war-on-stupid-people/485618/|access-date=April 5, 2021|website=The Atlantic|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Grosch|first1=Michael|title=Mediale Hochschul-Perspektiven 2020 In Baden-Wuerttemberg: Empirische Untersuchung Im Rahmen Der Allianz "Forward IT"|last2=Hartmann|first2=Jörg|last3=Holstein|first3=Sarah|last4=Marks|first4=Philipp|last5=Sexauer|first5=Andreas|last6=Zafirov|first6=Aleksandar|publisher=[[Karlsruhe Institute of Technology]]|year=2017|isbn=9783731506232|page=38|language=German}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Bayor|first=Ronald|title=Multicultural America: An Encyclopedia of the Newest Americans|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2011|isbn=9780313357862|volume=2|page=1994}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Smola|first=Jennifer|title=As Ohio State marks 150 years, has its land-grant mission evolved?|url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/education/2020/08/22/as-ohio-state-marks-150-years-has-its-land-grant-mission-evolved/42273375/|access-date=April 5, 2021|website=The Columbus Dispatch|language=en-US|archive-date=April 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417042210/https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/education/2020/08/22/as-ohio-state-marks-150-years-has-its-land-grant-mission-evolved/42273375/|url-status=live}}</ref> The main campus in Columbus has grown into the [[List of largest United States university campuses by enrollment|fifth-largest university campus]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite magazine|magazine=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/the-short-list-college/articles/colleges-with-the-most-undergraduates|title=10 Universities With the Most Undergraduate Students|date=November 15, 2022|access-date=August 2, 2023|archive-date=February 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200212195352/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/the-short-list-college/articles/colleges-with-the-most-undergraduates|url-status=live}}</ref>

On January 12, 2015, OSU claimed the first-ever [[College Football Playoff National Championship]] by defeating Oregon 42–20.<ref name = "OSU B10East">{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/recap?gameId=400547926|title=Indiana vs. Ohio State – Game Recap – November 22, 2014 |website=ESPN|access-date=November 22, 2014|archive-date=November 23, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141123092544/http://espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=400547926|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://espncleveland.com/common/more.php?m=49&post_id=40621|title=Buckeyes make playoff Cleveland.com|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141209160341/http://espncleveland.com/common/more.php?m=49&post_id=40621|archive-date=December 9, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/recap?gameId=400610178|title=Alabama vs. Ohio State – Game Recap – January 1, 2015 |website=ESPN|access-date=January 12, 2015|archive-date=January 15, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115104928/http://espn.go.com/ncf/recap?gameId=400610178|url-status=live}}</ref>

On June 22, 2022, the [[United States Patent and Trademark Office]] granted the university a trademark on the word "the" in relation to clothing, such as T-shirts, baseball caps and hats distributed and/or sold through athletic or collegiate channels.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hofmann |first=Brian |date=June 22, 2022 |title='THE:' Ohio State awarded trademark on the word |url=https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/ohio-state-university/the-ohio-state-awarded-trademark-on-the-word/ |access-date=June 22, 2022 |website=NBC4 WCMH-TV |language=en-US |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622175441/https://www.nbc4i.com/news/local-news/ohio-state-university/the-ohio-state-awarded-trademark-on-the-word/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2022 |title=Ohio State awarded 'THE' trademark for certain apparel |url=https://www.10tv.com/article/news/local/ohio-state-trademark-awarded/530-0c1e9330-9ac7-459d-ad4e-c2a1e0724a86 |access-date=June 22, 2022 |website=10tv.com |language=en-US |archive-date=June 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622190938/https://www.10tv.com/article/news/local/ohio-state-trademark-awarded/530-0c1e9330-9ac7-459d-ad4e-c2a1e0724a86 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ohio State and its fans, in particular those of its athletics program, frequently emphasize the word "THE" when referring to the school.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Victor |first=Daniel |date=June 23, 2022 |title=Ohio State University Trademarks 'The' |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/23/us/the-ohio-state-university.html |access-date=July 13, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=July 13, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713030934/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/23/us/the-ohio-state-university.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{main|List of presidents of Ohio State University}}

[[Michael V. Drake]] became the 15th president of Ohio State in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://president.osu.edu/story/presidential-transition-announcement|title=A Message from President Drake|last=Drake|first=Michael|date=November 21, 2019|website=OSU.EDU|access-date=December 20, 2019|archive-date=August 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806011025/https://president.osu.edu/story/presidential-transition-announcement|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020, [[Kristina M. Johnson]] took office as the 16th president.<ref>{{cite web|first=Emily|last=Bamforth|date=June 3, 2020|title=Ohio State trustees confirm SUNY Chancellor Kristina M. Johnson as next president|url=https://www.cleveland.com/news/2020/06/ohio-state-trustees-confirm-suny-chancellor-kristina-m-johnson-as-next-president.html|website=cleveland.com|access-date=August 18, 2020}}</ref> And in 2023, [[Walter E. Carter Jr.]] took office as the 17th president.<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet President Carter |url=https://president.osu.edu/meet-president-carter |website=Office of the President, The Ohio State University |access-date=2024-07-02 |archive-date=June 14, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614002509/https://president.osu.edu/meet-president-carter |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Significant events ===

==== 1969–1970 Vietnam War protests ====
Throughout 1969, [[List of protests against the Vietnam War|anti-Vietnam War protest tensions]] grew on Ohio State's campus. What is now Bricker Hall was occupied by students, but after being told they had "five minutes to leave, or they'd be arrested", students departed from the building. In late April 1970, anti-war riots ensued on Ohio State campus, leading to nearly 300 arrests, over 60 injuries, and seven gunshot wounds.<ref>{{cite web |title=OSU turmoil of 1969-70 remembered by protesters and police |url=https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/education/campus/2017/10/05/osu-turmoil-1969-70-remembered/18519423007/ |website=The Columbus Dispatch |date=October 5, 2017 |access-date=June 11, 2024 |archive-date=July 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719021651/https://www.dispatch.com/story/news/education/campus/2017/10/05/osu-turmoil-1969-70-remembered/18519423007/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Students began "boycotting classes with a student strike, protesting the university's rejection of a list of demands presented the week before. Specific demands included adding black and women's studies to the university's courses." On April 29, 1970, five days before the [[Kent State shootings]], students [[Picketing|picketed]] buildings, but this initially peaceful protest "started to spiral out of control" after [[Ohio State Highway Patrol]] troopers arrived in riot gear. When a man was assaulted by three students, tear gas was deployed, in response to which protesters threw rocks at the National Guard. Seven students were struck with a shotgun blast near the Student Union. There were no casualties, and the shooter was not identified.

==== 1978–1998 Richard Strauss sexual abuse scandal ====
{{excerpt|Ohio State University abuse scandal}}

==== 2016 terrorist attack ====
{{excerpt|Ohio State University attack}}

==== 2024 pro-Palestinian campus protests ====
{{excerpt|2024 Ohio State University pro-Palestinian campus protests|only=paragraphs}}