Editing October 29 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[312]] &ndash; [[Constantine the Great]] enters Rome after his victory at the [[Battle of the Milvian Bridge]], stages a grand ''[[Adventus (ceremony)|adventus]]'' in the city, and is met with popular jubilation. [[Maxentius]]' body is fished out of the [[Tiber]] and beheaded.
* [[437]] &ndash; [[Valentinian III]], [[Western Roman Emperor]], marries [[Licinia Eudoxia]], daughter of his cousin [[Theodosius II]], [[Eastern Roman Emperor]] in [[Constantinople]] unifying the two branches of the [[House of Theodosius]].
*[[1390]] &ndash; First trial for [[witchcraft]] in Paris leading to the death of three people.
*[[1467]] &ndash; [[Battle of Brustem]]: [[Charles the Bold]] defeats [[Prince-Bishopric of Liège]].

===1601–1900===
*[[1611]] &ndash; [[Shuysky Tribute|Russian homage]] to the King of Poland, [[Sigismund III Vasa]].
*[[1621]] &ndash; [[The London Pageant of 1621]] celebrates the inauguration of [[Edward Barkham (Lord Mayor)]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=Tracey |last1=Hill |title=Pageantry and Power: A Cultural History of the Early Modern Lord Mayor's Show, 1585–1639 |publisher=Manchester University Press |date=2017 |page=312 |isbn=9781526130259}}</ref>
*[[1658]] &ndash; [[Second Northern War]]: Naval forces of the [[Dutch Republic]] defeat the Swedes in the [[Battle of the Sound]].
*[[1665]] &ndash; Portuguese forces [[Battle of Ambuila|defeat]] the [[Kingdom of Kongo]] and decapitate King [[António I of Kongo]], also known as Nvita a Nkanga.
*[[1675]] &ndash; [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz|Leibniz]] makes the first use of the [[long s]] (∫) as a symbol of the [[integral]] in [[calculus]].
*[[1792]] &ndash; [[Mount Hood]] ([[Oregon]]) is named after [[Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood]] by Lt. William E. Broughton who sighted the mountain near the mouth of the [[Willamette River]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; Eighteen countries meet in [[Geneva]] and agree to form the [[International Committee of the Red Cross|International Red Cross]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Durand |first1=André |title=The International Committee of the Red Cross |journal=International Review of the Red Cross |date=April 1981 |volume=21 |issue=221 |pages=59–75 |doi=10.1017/S0020860400086095}}</ref>
*  1863   &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Battle of Wauhatchie]]: Forces under [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] General [[Ulysses S. Grant]] repel a [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] attack led by General [[James Longstreet]] in one of the few night battles of the war, protecting the Union's recently opened [[Military supply-chain management|supply line]] into [[Chattanooga, Tennessee]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle Detail Wauhatchie|url=https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/search-battles-detail.htm?battleCode=tn021|publisher=National Park Service|website=NPS.gov|access-date=October 29, 2024}}</ref>
*[[1888]] &ndash; The [[Convention of Constantinople]] is signed, guaranteeing free maritime passage through the [[Suez Canal]] during war and peace.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Sabel |first1=Robbie |editor1-last=Lutmar |editor1-first=C. |editor2-last=Rubinovitz |editor2-first=Z. |title=The Suez Canal: Past Lessons and Future Challenges |date=2022 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=Cham, Switzerland |isbn=9783031156700 |page=137 |chapter=International Law and Freedom of Navigation Through the Suez Canal}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[Ottoman entry into World War I]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Aksakal |first1=Mustafa |title=The Limits of Diplomacy: The Ottoman Empire and the First World War |journal=Foreign Policy Analysis |date=2011 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=197–203 |doi=10.1111/j.1743-8594.2011.00132.x |jstor=24909769 |issn=1743-8586}}</ref>
*[[1918]] &ndash; The [[German Empire|German]] [[High Seas Fleet]] is incapacitated when sailors [[Wilhelmshaven mutiny|mutiny]], an action which would trigger the [[German Revolution of 1918–19]].
*[[1921]] &ndash; [[United States]]: Second trial of [[Sacco and Vanzetti]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]].
*[[1923]] &ndash; Turkey [[Republic Day (Turkey)|becomes a republic]] following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.<ref name=turkrep />
*[[1929]] &ndash; Black Tuesday: The [[New York Stock Exchange]] [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|crashes]], ending the Great Bull Market of the 1920s and beginning the [[Great Depression]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Doak |first1=Robin S. |title=Black Tuesday: Prelude to the Great Depression |date=2008 |publisher=Compass Point Books |location=Minneapolis, MN |isbn=9780756533274 |pages=8–13}}</ref>
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: In the [[Kaunas Ghetto]], [[Kaunas massacre of October 29, 1941|over 10,000 Jews are shot]] by [[Nazi Germany|German]] occupiers at the [[Ninth Fort]], a massacre known as the "Great Action".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bubnys |first1=Arūnas |last2=Tallat-Kelpša Di Raimondo |first2=Aušra |title=The Holocaust in Lithuania: 1940-1944 |date=2020 |publisher=Genocide and Resistance Research Centre of Lithuania |isbn=978-609-8298-03-1 |pages=176–177}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; The Holocaust: In the United Kingdom, leading clergymen and political figures hold a public meeting to register outrage over [[Nazi Germany]]'s persecution of Jews.
*[[1944]] &ndash; The Dutch city of [[Breda]] is liberated by [[1st Polish Armoured Division]].
*  1944   &ndash; [[World War II]]: The Soviet [[Red Army]] enters Hungary.
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]: [[Safsaf massacre]]: Israeli soldiers capture the Palestinian village of [[Safsaf]] in the [[Galilee]]; afterwards, between 52 and 64 villagers are massacred by the IDF.
*[[1953]] &ndash; [[BCPA Flight 304]] [[Douglas DC-6|DC-6]] crashes near [[San Francisco]].<ref>{{cite wikisource |title=BCPA Flight 304 accident investigation report |date=15 June 1954 |publisher=Civil Aeronautics Board |location= |page= |pages= |scan=}}</ref>
*[[1955]] &ndash; The {{ship|Soviet battleship|Novorossiysk}} strikes a World War II mine in the harbor at [[Sevastopol]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grinevetsky |first1=Sergei R. |last2=Zonn |first2=Igor S. |last3=Zhiltsov |first3=Sergei S. |last4=Kosarev |first4=Aleksey N. |last5=Kostianoy |first5=Andrey G. |title=The Black Sea Encyclopedia |date=2015 |publisher=Springer |location=Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-642-55227-4 |pages=563–564}}</ref>
*[[1956]] &ndash; [[Suez Crisis]] begins: [[Israel]]i forces invade the [[Sinai Peninsula]] and push [[Egypt]]ian forces back toward the [[Suez Canal]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smolansky |first1=O. M. |title=Moscow and the Suez Crisis, 1956: A Reappraisal |journal=Political Science Quarterly |date=1 December 1965 |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=581–605 |doi=10.2307/2147000 |jstor=2147000}}</ref>
*[[1957]] &ndash; Israel's prime minister [[David Ben-Gurion]] and five of his ministers are injured when [[Moshe Dwek]] throws a grenade into the [[Knesset]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Singer |first1=Saul Jay |title=The 1957 Attempt To Assassinate Ben-Gurion |url=https://www.jewishpress.com/sections/features/features-on-jewish-world/the-1957-attempt-to-assassinate-ben-gurion/2017/08/02/ |access-date=24 August 2024 |work=The Jewish Press |date=2 August 2017}}</ref>
*[[1960]] &ndash; An airplane carrying the [[California Polytechnic State University football team plane crash|Cal Poly football team crashes on takeoff]] in Toledo, Ohio.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pucin |first1=Diane |title=1960 Cal Poly plane crash survivors recall life and death in Toledo |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-oct-29-la-sp-cal-poly-crash-20101029-story.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=29 October 2010}}</ref>
*[[1964]] &ndash; The United Republic of [[Tanganyika (1961–1964)|Tanganyika]] and [[Zanzibar]] is renamed to the [[Tanzania|United Republic of Tanzania]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dawson |first1=John Barry |title=The Gregory Rift Valley and Neogene-recent Volcanoes of Northern Tanzania |date=2008 |publisher=Geological society |location=London |isbn=9781862392670 |page=6}}</ref>
*  1964   &ndash; Biggest [[Gemstone|jewel]] [[Robbery|heist]]; involving the [[Star of India (gem)|Star of India]] in the [[American Museum of Natural History]] in [[New York City]] by [[Jack Roland Murphy|Murph the Surf]] and gang.<ref>{{cite magazine| url = https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-three-amateur-jewel-thieves-made-new-yorks-most-precious-gems-180949885/| title = How Three Amateur Jewel Thieves Made Off With New York's Most Precious Gems |first1=David |last1=Sears |magazine=Smithsonian Magazine |date=25 February 2014 |access-date=12 February 2024}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Montreal]]'s World Fair, [[Expo 67]], closes with over 50&nbsp;million visitors.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hurley |first1=Erin |title=National Performance: Representing Quebec from Expo 67 to Céline Dion |date=2011 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto |isbn=9781442640955 |page=3}}</ref>
*[[1969]] &ndash; The first-ever [[computer]]-to-computer link is established on [[ARPANET]], the precursor to the [[Internet]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Savio |first1=Jessica |title=Browsing history: A heritage site is being set up in Boelter Hall 3420, the room the first Internet message originated in |url=https://dailybruin.com/2011/04/01/browsing_history |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=Daily Bruin |date=1 April 2011}}</ref>
*[[1972]] &ndash; The three surviving perpetrators of the [[Munich massacre]] are released from prison in exchange for the hostages of the hijacked [[Lufthansa Flight 615]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Doubek |first1=James |title=50 years ago, the Munich Olympics massacre changed how we think about terrorism |url=https://www.npr.org/2022/09/04/1116641214/munich-olympics-massacre-hostage-terrorism-israel-germany |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=NPR |date=4 September 2022}}</ref>
*[[1980]] &ndash; Demonstration flight of a secretly modified [[C-130 Hercules|C-130]] for an [[Iran hostage crisis]] rescue attempt ends in a crash landing at [[Eglin Air Force Base]]'s Duke Field, [[Florida]], leading to the cancellation of [[Operation Credible Sport]].
*[[1985]] &ndash; Major General [[Samuel K. Doe]] is announced as the winner of the first multi-party election in [[Liberia]].
*[[1986]] &ndash; British Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] opens the last stretch of the [[M25 motorway]].
*[[1991]] &ndash; The American [[Galileo (spacecraft)|''Galileo'' spacecraft]] makes its closest approach to [[951 Gaspra]], becoming the first probe to visit an [[asteroid]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Veverka |first1=J. |last2=Belton |first2=M. |last3=Klaasen |first3=K. |last4=Chapman |first4=C. |title=Galileo's Encounter with 951 Gaspra: Overview |journal=Icarus |date=January 1994 |volume=107 |issue=1 |pages=2–17 |doi=10.1006/icar.1994.1002|doi-access=free |bibcode=1994Icar..107....2V }}</ref>
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[Francisco Martin Duran]] fires over two dozen shots at the [[White House]]; he is later convicted of trying to kill U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clarke |first1=James W. |last2=Lucente |first2=Seth |title=Getting Even: Some Observations on President Clinton's Would-Be Assassin, Francisco Martin Duran |journal=British Journal of Political Science |date=2003 |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=129–139 |doi=10.1017/S0007123403000061 |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |jstor=4092271 |issn=0007-1234}}</ref>
*[[1998]] &ndash; In South Africa, the [[Truth and Reconciliation Commission (South Africa)|Truth and Reconciliation Commission]] presents its report, which condemns both sides for committing atrocities.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=van Zyl |first1=Paul |title=Dilemmas of Transitional Justice: The Case of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission |journal=Journal of International Affairs |date=1999 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=647–667 |jstor=24358058 |issn=0022-197X}}</ref>
*  1998   &ndash; [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']] blasts off on [[STS-95]] with 77-year-old [[John Glenn]] on board, making him the oldest person to go into space at that time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wilford |first1=John Noble |title=John Glenn, American Hero of the Space Age, Dies at 95 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/08/us/john-glenn-dies.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=8 December 2016}}</ref>
*  1998   &ndash; [[ATSC]] [[HDTV]] broadcasting in the United States is inaugurated with the launch of the [[STS-95]] space shuttle mission.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gloman |first1=Chuck |last2=Pescatore |first2=Mark J. |title=Working with HDV: Shoot, Edit, and Deliver Your High Definition Video |date=2013 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136066702 |page=14}}</ref>
*  1998   &ndash; [[Hurricane Mitch]], the second deadliest Atlantic hurricane in history, makes [[Landfall (meteorology)|landfall]] in [[Honduras]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Smith |first1=WilliamC |title=Hurricane Mitch and Honduras: An illustration of population vulnerability |journal=International Journal of Health System and Disaster Management |date=2013 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=54–55 |doi-access=free |doi=10.4103/2347-9019.122460|hdl=20.500.11820/b5d9ea24-9933-4518-ba86-78abfce80923 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
*  1998   &ndash; The [[Gothenburg discothèque fire]] in Sweden kills 63 and injures over 200.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Cassuto |first1=Jean |last2=Tarnow |first2=Peter |title=The discotheque fire in Gothenburg 1998 |journal=Burns |date=August 2003 |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=405–416 |doi=10.1016/S0305-4179(03)00074-3|pmid=12880719 }}</ref>
*[[1999]] &ndash; A [[1999 Odisha cyclone|large cyclone]] devastates [[Odisha]], India.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fanchiotti |first1=Margherita |last2=Dash |first2=Jadu |last3=Tompkins |first3=Emma L. |last4=Hutton |first4=Craig W. |title=The 1999 super cyclone in Odisha, India: A systematic review of documented losses |journal=International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction |date=December 2020 |volume=51 |pages=101790 |doi=10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101790|bibcode=2020IJDRR..5101790F |s2cid=225007734 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/446820/1/IJDRR_2020_375_R1_v2.pdf }}</ref>
*[[2002]] &ndash; A [[2002 Ho Chi Minh City ITC fire|fire destroys a luxurious department store]] in Ho Chi Minh City, where 1,500 people are shopping. More than 60 people die and over 100 are unaccounted for in the deadliest peacetime disaster in Vietnam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fatal Fire In Ho Chi Minh City |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fatal-fire-in-ho-chi-minh-city/ |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=CBS News |agency=Associated Press |date=29 October 2002}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; The Arabic-language news network [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] broadcasts an excerpt from a [[2004 Osama bin Laden video]] in which the terrorist leader first admits direct responsibility for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]] and references the [[2004 U.S. presidential election]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Al-Jazeera Airs Video Said to Be of Osama bin Laden |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/29/international/aljazeera-airs-video-said-to-be-of-osama-bin-laden.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |date=29 October 2004}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; [[2005 Delhi bombings|Bombings in Delhi, India]] kill 67 and injure over 200 people.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ali |first1=Yasir |title=2005 Delhi serial blasts: What happened that day |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi/2005-delhi-serial-blasts-what-happened-that-day/story-SJsFozjWHKz8jHBQGILJvN.html |access-date=22 December 2023 |work=Hindustan Times |date=16 February 2017 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[ADC Airlines Flight 053]] crashes after takeoff from [[Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport]] in [[Abuja]], Nigeria killing 96 people and injuring nine.<ref name="ASN ADC Airlines Flight 53">{{cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |date= |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-2B7 5N-BFK Abuja International Airport (ABV) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20061029-0 |access-date=24 December 2016 |website=Aviation Safety Network |publisher=[[Flight Safety Foundation]]}}</ref>
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Delta Air Lines]] merges with [[Northwest Airlines]], creating the world's largest airline and reducing the number of US legacy carriers to five.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delta buys Northwest to create biggest airline |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN29505779/ |access-date=12 February 2024 |work=Reuters |date=30 October 2008}}</ref>
*2008 &ndash; [[2008 Ziarat earthquakes|A pair of deadly earthquakes]] hits [[Baluchistan]], [[Pakistan]], killing 215.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rasood|first1=Salman|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/30/world/asia/30quake.html | title = Quake in Pakistan Kills at Least 215|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=29 October 2008|access-date= 19 March 2022}}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Sandy]] hits the east coast of the United States, killing hundreds, while leaving nearly $70&nbsp;billion in damages and causing major power outages.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |first1=(CDC) |title=Deaths associated with Hurricane Sandy - October-November 2012. |journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report |date=24 May 2013 |volume=62 |issue=20 |pages=393–7 |pmid=23698603 |pmc=4604935}}</ref>
*[[2014]] &ndash; A mud slide; the [[2014 Badulla landslide]], in south-central [[Sri Lanka]], kills at least 16 people, and leaves hundreds of people missing.<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.smh.com.au/world/scores-feared-dead-in-sri-lanka-landslide-20141029-11dwyw.html| title = Scores feared dead in Sri Lanka landslide| date = 29 October 2014}}</ref>
*[[2015]] &ndash; [[China]] announces the end of its [[one-child policy]] after 35 years.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Fuqin |last2=Bao |first2=Jiaming |last3=Boutain |first3=Doris |last4=Straughn |first4=Marcia |last5=Adeniran |first5=Olusola |last6=DeGrande |first6=Heather |last7=Harrell |first7=Stevan |title=Online responses to the ending of the one-child policy in China: implications for preconception care |journal=Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences |date=October 2016 |volume=121 |issue=4 |pages=227–234 |doi=10.1080/03009734.2016.1195464|pmid=27338087 |pmc=5098486 }}</ref>
*[[2018]] &ndash; A [[Boeing 737 MAX]] plane [[Lion Air Flight 610|crashes]] after taking off from [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] killing 189 people on board.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2018/oct/29/lion-air-crash-rescue-teams-search-waters-off-jakarta-for-flight-jt610|title=Lion Air crash: officials say 188 onboard lost flight JT610 – latest updates|work=The Guardian|first=Naaman|last=Zhou|date=29 October 2018|access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; [[Jeremy Corbyn]], [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader of the Labour Party]] and of the [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Opposition]] in the [[United Kingdom]] is suspended from the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] following his response to findings from the EHRC on the issue of [[Antisemitism in the UK Labour Party|antisemitism within the party]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Jeremy Corbyn suspended from Labour Party over response to antisemitism report|url=https://news.sky.com/story/jeremy-corbyn-suspended-from-labour-party-12117833|access-date=29 October 2020 |work=Sky News|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; At least 156 die at [[Seoul Halloween crowd crush|a crowd crush during a Halloween celebration]] in [[Itaewon|Itaewon district]], [[Seoul]], South Korea.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sang-Hun |first=Choe |date=29 October 2022 |title=At Least 151 Killed as Halloween Crowd Surge Turns Deadly in South Korea |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/10/29/world/korea-halloween-stampede-itaewon |access-date=30 October 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*2022 &ndash; At least 100 people are killed and over 300 are injured by a [[2022 Somali Ministry of Education bombings|double car bombing]] in [[Mogadishu]], Somalia.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 October 2022 |title=Car bombs at busy Somalia market intersection killed at least 100, president says | work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/somalia-president-least-100-people-killed-car-bombs-2022-10-30/ |access-date=31 October 2022}}</ref>