Editing October 28 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 97|97]] &ndash; Roman emperor [[Nerva]] is forced by the [[Praetorian Guard]] to adopt general [[Trajan|Marcus Ulpius Trajanus]] as his heir and successor.
* [[306]] &ndash; [[Maxentius]] is proclaimed [[Roman emperor]].
* [[312]] &ndash; Constantine I [[Battle of the Milvian Bridge|defeats Maxentius]], becoming the sole Roman emperor in the West.
* [[969]] &ndash; The [[Byzantine Empire]] [[Siege of Antioch (968–969)|recovers Antioch]] from Arab rule.
*[[1344]] &ndash; The lower town of Smyrna is captured by Latin Christians in response to [[Aydınids|Aydınid]] piracy during the [[Smyrniote crusades]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries |date=1976 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-114-9 |page=191 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Gm79HuBY0cC |access-date=1 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1420]] &ndash; [[Beijing]] is officially designated the capital of the [[Ming dynasty]] when the [[Forbidden City]] is completed.
*[[1449]] &ndash; [[Christian I of Denmark|Christian I]] is crowned king of Denmark.
*[[1453]] &ndash; [[Ladislaus the Posthumous]] is crowned king of Bohemia in Prague.
*[[1492]] &ndash; [[Christopher Columbus]] lands in [[Cuba]] on his [[Voyages of Christopher Columbus|first voyage to the New World]], surmising that it is Japan.<ref>{{cite book|first=Clifton|last=Daniel|title=Chronicle of America|publisher=Chronicle publication|year=1989|page=16|isbn=0-13-133745-9}}</ref> 
*[[1516]] &ndash; [[Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)|Second Ottoman–Mamluk War]]: Mamluks fail to stop the Ottoman advance towards Egypt at the [[Battle of Yaunis Khan]].
*[[1520]] &ndash; [[Ferdinand Magellan]] reaches the Pacific Ocean.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1987|page=12|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>
*[[1531]] &ndash; [[Abyssinian–Adal war]]: The [[Adal Sultanate]] [[Battle of Amba Sel|seizes]] southern Ethiopia.
*[[1538]] &ndash; The [[Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino]] is founded in what is now the Dominican Republic.

===1601–1900===
*[[1628]] &ndash; [[French Wars of Religion]]: The [[Siege of La Rochelle]] ends with the surrender of the Huguenots after fourteen months.
*[[1636]] &ndash; The [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] votes to establish a theological college, which would later become [[Harvard University]].
*[[1640]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Ripon]] is signed, ending the hostilities of the [[Second Bishops’ War]].<ref>*{{cite thesis|last1=Gericke |first1=Bradley T |title=Civil Wars in Britain; 1640–1646 |type=PhD |publisher=U.S. Army Command and General Staff College|date=2001 |url=http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a395649.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309234541/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a395649.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=9 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[1664]] &ndash; The Duke of York and Albany's Maritime Regiment of Foot, later to be known as the [[Royal Marines]], is established.
*[[1707]] &ndash; The [[1707 Hōei earthquake]] causes more than 5,000 deaths in Japan.
*[[1726]] &ndash; The novel ''[[Gulliver's Travels]]'' written by [[Jonathan Swift]] is published.
*[[1776]] &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: British troops [[Battle of White Plains|attack and capture]] Chatterton Hill from the Continental Army.
*[[1834]] &ndash; The [[Pinjarra massacre]] occurs in the Swan River Colony. An estimated 30 Noongar people are killed by British colonists.
*[[1835]] &ndash; The [[United Tribes of New Zealand]] are established with the signature of the [[Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand|Declaration of Independence]].
*[[1864]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: A [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] [[Battle of Fair Oaks & Darbytown Road|attack]] on the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] capital of [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]] is repulsed.
*[[1886]] &ndash; US president [[Grover Cleveland]] dedicates the [[Statue of Liberty]].
*[[1891]] &ndash; The [[1891 Mino–Owari earthquake|Mino–Owari earthquake]], the largest inland earthquake in Japan's history, occurs.
*[[1893]] &ndash; [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Pyotr Tchaikovsky]]'s [[Symphony No. 6 (Tchaikovsky)|Symphony No. 6 in B Minor, ''Pathétique'']] receives its première performance only nine days before the composer's death.

===1901–present===
*[[1918]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: A new Polish government in western Galicia is established, triggering the [[Polish–Ukrainian War]].
*  1918   &ndash; World War I: Czech politicians peacefully take over the city of Prague, thus establishing the [[First Czechoslovak Republic]].<ref>Preclík, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (TGM and legions), váz. kniha, 219 str., vydalo nakladatelství Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karviná) ve spolupráci s Masarykovým demokratickým hnutím (Masaryk Democratic Movement in Prague), 2019, {{ISBN|978-80-87173-47-3}}, pp. 19–25, 84–99, 128–129, 132–146, 164–171</ref>
*[[1919]] &ndash; The U.S. Congress passes the [[Volstead Act]] over President [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s veto, paving the way for [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]] to begin the following January.
*[[1922]] &ndash; [[Italian Fascism|Italian fascists]] led by Benito Mussolini [[march on Rome]] and take over the Italian government.
*[[1928]] &ndash; [[Indonesia Raya]], now the national anthem of Indonesia, is first played during the [[Youth Pledge|Second Indonesian Youth Congress]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Funston|editor1-first=John|title=Government & Politics in Southeast Asia|date=2001|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|isbn=9789812301345|page=75|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4zGBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA75|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Greece [[Ohi Day|rejects]] Italy's ultimatum. [[Italian invasion of Greece|Italy invades Greece]] through [[Italian Albania|Albania]] a few hours later.
*[[1942]] &ndash; The [[Alaska Highway]] first connects Alaska to the North American railway network at [[Dawson Creek]] in Canada.
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Paul Hermann Müller]] is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the insecticidal properties of DDT.
*  1948 &ndash; [[1948 Donora smog|Ecological disaster]] in [[Donora, Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Hamill, Sean D. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/02/us/02smog.html |title=Unveiling a Museum, a Pennsylvania Town Remembers the Smog That Killed 20|newspaper=The New York Times|date= November 1, 2008|access-date= November 2, 2008}}</ref>
*[[1949]] &ndash; An [[Air France]] [[Lockheed Constellation]] [[Air France Flight 009|crashes]] in the Azores, killing all 48 people on board.
*[[1956]] &ndash; [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956|Hungarian Revolution]]: A ''de facto'' ceasefire comes into effect between armed revolutionaries and Soviet troops, who begin to withdraw from Budapest. Communist officials and facilities come under attack by revolutionaries. 
*[[1954]] &ndash; [[Aeroflot Flight 136]] crashes near [[Krasnoyarsk]], killing 19.<ref name="AirDisaster">{{cite web |title=Катастрофа Ил-12 МУТА ГВФ в Красноярской тайге (борт СССР-Л1789), 28 октября 1954 года. |trans-title=Il-12 Catastrophe MUTA GVF in Krasnoyarsk Taiga (Board USSR-L1789), October 28, 1954. |url=http://www.airdisaster.ru/database.php?id=600 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209170935/http://airdisaster.ru/database.php?id=600 |archive-date=2014-02-09 |access-date=2015-01-06 |publisher=AirDisaster.ru |language=ru}}</ref> 
*[[1958]] &ndash; [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]] is [[1958 papal conclave|elected Pope]].
*[[1962]] &ndash; The [[Cuban Missile Crisis]] ends and Premier [[Nikita Khrushchev]] orders the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Pope Paul VI]] promulgates ''[[Nostra aetate]]'', by which the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] officially recognizes the legitimacy of non-Christian faiths.
*[[1971]] &ndash; [[Prospero (spacecraft)|Prospero]] becomes the only British satellite to be launched by a British rocket.
*[[1982]] &ndash; The [[1982 Spanish general election|Spanish general election]] begins fourteen years of rule by the [[Spanish Socialist Workers' Party]].
*[[1989]] &ndash; [[Aloha Island Air Flight 1712]], a [[De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter|Twin Otter 300]], crashed into terrain at night in Hawaii killing all 20 occupants onboard.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crash of a De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 in Molokai: 20 killed {{!}} Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-de-havilland-dhc-6-twin-otter-300-molokai-20-killed |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.baaa-acro.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Accident de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 N707PV, Saturday 28 October 1989 |url=https://asn.flightsafety.org/asndb/326178 |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=asn.flightsafety.org}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; Georgia holds its [[1990 Georgian Supreme Soviet election|only free election]] under Soviet rule.
*[[1995]] &ndash; The [[1995 Baku Metro fire|Baku Metro fire]] sees 289 people killed and 270 injured.
*[[2006]] &ndash; A funeral service takes place at the [[Bykivnia graves]] for Ukrainians who were killed by the Soviet secret police.
*[[2007]] &ndash; [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]] becomes the first directly elected female [[President of Argentina]].
*[[2009]] &ndash; The [[28 October 2009 Peshawar bombing]] kills 117 and wounds 213.
*  2009   &ndash; [[NASA]] successfully launches the [[Ares I-X]] mission, the only rocket launch for its short-lived [[Constellation program]].
*  2009   &ndash; US President [[Barack Obama]] signs the [[Matthew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-10-07|title=Barack Obama – Key Events {{!}} Miller Center|url=https://millercenter.org/president/barack-obama/key-events|access-date=2022-01-11|website=millercenter.org|language=en}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; Five people are killed and 38 are injured after a [[2013 Tiananmen Square attack|car crashes]] into barriers at [[Tiananmen Square]] in China.
*[[2014]] &ndash; A rocket carrying NASA's [[Cygnus Orb-3|Cygnus CRS Orb-3]] resupply mission to the [[International Space Station]] explodes seconds after taking off from the [[Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport]] in [[Wallops Island|Wallops Island, Virginia]].
*[[2018]] &ndash; [[Jair Bolsonaro]] is [[2018 Brazilian general election|elected]] [[President of Brazil|president of]] [[Brazil]] with 57 million votes, with [[Workers' Party (Brazil)|Workers' Party]] candidate [[Fernando Haddad]] as the runner-up. It is the first time in 16 years that a Workers' Party candidate is not elected president.
*[[2023]] &ndash; The [[2023 Rugby World Cup final]] is held at the [[Stade de France]] in [[Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis|Saint-Denis]], [[France]]. It saw [[South Africa national rugby union team|South Africa]] defeat [[New Zealand national rugby union team|New Zealand]] 11 to 12, claiming their fourth [[Webb Ellis Cup]], becoming the first nation to do so.<ref>{{cite news|author=World Rugby|url=https://www.rugbyworldcup.com/2023/news/888593/nzl-11-12-rsa-south-africa-win-tense-final-to-claim-fourth-rugby-world-cup |title=NZL 11 – 12 RSA, South Africa win tense final to claim fourth rugby world cup|newspaper=Rugby World Cup|date= October 28, 2023|access-date= October 28, 2023}}</ref>
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