Editing October 18 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 33|33]] &ndash; Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons [[Nero Julius Caesar|Nero]] and [[Drusus Caesar|Drusus]], and banished to the island of [[Pandateria]] by [[Tiberius]], [[Agrippina the Elder]] dies of self-inflicted starvation.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1989|page=210|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref> 
* [[320]] &ndash; [[Pappus of Alexandria]], Greek philosopher, observes an [[eclipse of the Sun]] and writes a commentary on ''The Great Astronomer'' (''[[Almagest]]'').
* [[614]] &ndash; King [[Chlothar II]] promulgates the [[Edict of Paris]] (''Edictum Chlotacharii''), a sort of Frankish [[Magna Carta]] that defends the rights of the [[Franks|Frankish]] nobles while it [[Antisemitism|excludes Jews]] from all civil employment in the [[Francia|Frankish Kingdom]].
* [[629]] &ndash; [[Dagobert I]] is crowned [[King of the Franks]].
*[[1009]] &ndash; The [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]], a Christian church in [[Jerusalem]], is completely destroyed by the [[Fatimid caliph]] [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]], who hacks the Church's foundations down to [[bedrock]].
*[[1016]] &ndash; The [[Danes]] defeat the [[England|English]] in the [[Battle of Assandun]].
*[[1081]] &ndash; The [[Normans]] defeat the [[Byzantine Empire]] in the [[Battle of Dyrrhachium (1081)|Battle of Dyrrhachium]].
*[[1166]] &ndash; [[Michael the Syrian]], one of the most important Syriac historians, is consecrated as [[Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch and All the East|Syriac Orthodox Patriarch]] at the [[Mor Bar Sauma Monastery]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Conference |first1=State University of New York at Binghamton Center for Medieval and Early Renaissance Studies |title=The Crusades: Other Experiences, Alternate Perspectives: Selected Proceedings from the 32nd Annual CEMERS Conference |date=2003 |publisher=Global Academic Publishing |isbn=978-1-58684-251-2 |page=47 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8u8b3RbcJQUC |access-date=19 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Whitby |first1=Mary |title=Byzantines and Crusaders in Non-Greek Sources, 1025-1204 |date=1 November 2007 |publisher=OUP/British Academy |isbn=978-0-19-726378-5 |page=256 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C6hnAAAAMAAJ&q=18+October+1166+michael |access-date=19 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1281]] &ndash; [[Pope Martin IV]] excommunicates King [[Peter III of Aragon]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Watt|first=J.A.|chapter=The Papacy|title=The New Cambridge Medieval History. Volume V: c.1198-c.1300|editor-last=Abulafia|editor-first=David|location=Cambridge, U.K.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=1999|isbn=9780521362917|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bclfdU_2lesC|page=154}}</ref> for usurping the crown of Sicily (a sentence renewed on 7 May and 18 November 1282).<ref>{{cite book|last=Hitchcock|first=James|title=History of the Catholic Church|location=San Francisco|publisher=Ignatius Press|date=2012|isbn=9781586176648|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8nt_n7wuugAC|page=150}}</ref>
*[[1356]] &ndash; [[1356 Basel earthquake|Basel earthquake]], the most significant historic seismological event north of the Alps, destroys the town of [[Basel]], Switzerland.
*[[1540]] &ndash; Spanish conquistador [[Hernando de Soto]]'s forces destroy the fortified town of [[Mabila]] in present-day [[Alabama]], killing [[Tuskaloosa]].
*[[1561]] &ndash; In [[Japan]] the fourth [[Battle of Kawanakajima]] is fought between the forces of [[Uesugi Kenshin]] and [[Takeda Shingen]], resulting in a draw.
*[[1565]] &ndash; Ships belonging to the [[Matsura clan]] of Japan fail to capture the Portuguese trading [[carrack]] in the [[Battle of Fukuda Bay]], the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West.
*[[1597]] &ndash; [[King Philip II of Spain]] sends his [[3rd Spanish Armada|third and final armada against England]], but it ends in failure due to storms. The remaining ships are captured or sunk by the English.<ref name="Schomberg32">{{cite book|last1=Schomberg, Isaac|title=Naval Chronology, Or an Historical Summary of Naval and Maritime Events from the Time of the Romans, to the Treaty of Peace 1802: With an Appendix, Volume 1|date=1802|pages=32–33|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lAE-AAAAcAAJ|author1-link=Isaac Schomberg}}</ref>
*[[1599]] &ndash; [[Michael the Brave]], Prince of [[Wallachia]], defeats the Army of [[Andrew Báthory]] in the [[Battle of Șelimbăr]], leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanian people.

===1601–1900===
*[[1630]] &ndash; [[Frendraught Castle]] in Scotland, the home of [[James Crichton of Frendraught]], burns down.<ref>Robert Chambers, ''Domestic Annals of Scotland'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1859), pp. 43-50.</ref>
*[[1648]] &ndash; Boston shoemakers form the first American [[Trade union|labor organization]].
*[[1748]] &ndash; Signing of the [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)|Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle]] ends the [[War of the Austrian Succession]].
*[[1775]] &ndash; [[African-American]] poet [[Phillis Wheatley]] is freed from slavery.
*  1775   &ndash; [[American Revolutionary War]]: The [[Burning of Falmouth]] (now [[Portland, Maine]]).
*[[1779]] &ndash; American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American [[Siege of Savannah]] is lifted.
*[[1797]] &ndash; [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] is signed between France and Austria
*[[1851]] &ndash; [[Herman Melville]]'s ''[[Moby-Dick]]'' is first published as ''The Whale'' by [[Richard Bentley (publisher)|Richard Bentley]] of London.
*[[1860]] &ndash; The [[Second Opium War]] finally ends at the [[Convention of Peking]] with the ratification of the [[Treaty of Tientsin]], an [[unequal treaty]].
*[[1867]] &ndash; United States [[Alaska Purchase|takes possession of]] Alaska after purchasing it from [[Russian Empire|Russia]] for $7.2&nbsp;million. Celebrated annually in the state as [[Alaska Day]].
*[[1898]] &ndash; The United States takes possession of [[Puerto Rico]] from Spain.
*[[1900]] &ndash; Count [[Bernhard von Bülow]] becomes chancellor of Germany.<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1987|page=20|isbn=0-942191-01-3}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1912]] &ndash; [[First Balkan War]]: King [[Peter I of Serbia]] issues a declaration "To the Serbian People", as his country joins the war.
*[[1914]] &ndash; The [[Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement]] is founded in Germany.
*[[1921]] &ndash; The [[Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] is formed as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
*[[1922]] &ndash; The [[British Broadcasting Company]] (later Corporation) <!-- Not 'Corporation' yet ! --> is founded by a [[consortium]], to establish a nationwide network of [[radio transmitter]]s to provide a national [[broadcasting]] service.
*[[1929]] &ndash; The [[Judicial Committee of the Privy Council]] overrules the [[Supreme Court of Canada]] in ''[[Edwards v Canada (AG)|Edwards v. Canada]]'' when it declares that women are considered "Persons" under [[Canadian law]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Soviet Union]] begins the liberation of [[Czechoslovakia]] from [[Nazi Germany]].
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: The state funeral of Field Marshal [[Erwin Rommel]] takes place in Ulm, Germany.
*[[1945]] &ndash; The [[Soviet Union|USSR]]'s nuclear program receives plans for the United States [[Nuclear weapon|plutonium bomb]] from [[Klaus Fuchs]] at the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]].
*  1945   &ndash; A group of the [[Venezuela]]n Armed Forces, led by Mario Vargas, [[Marcos Pérez Jiménez]] and [[Carlos Delgado Chalbaud]], stages [[1945 Venezuelan coup d'état|a coup d'état]] against president [[Isaías Medina Angarita]], who is overthrown by the end of the day.
*  1945   &ndash; [[Argentina|Argentine]] military officer and politician [[Juan Perón]] marries actress [[Eva Perón|Eva Duarte]].
*[[1954]] &ndash; Texas Instruments announces the [[Regency TR-1]], the first mass-produced transistor radio.
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Félicette]], a black and white female Parisian stray cat, becomes the first cat launched into space.
*[[1967]] &ndash; The [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] probe [[Venera 4]] reaches [[Venus]] and becomes the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere of another planet.
*[[1977]] &ndash; [[German Autumn]]: A set of events revolving around the kidnapping of [[Hanns Martin Schleyer]] and the [[Aircraft hijacking|hijacking]] of a [[Lufthansa]] flight by the [[Red Army Faction]] (RAF) comes to an end when Schleyer is murdered and various RAF members allegedly commit suicide.
*[[1978]] &ndash; Based on the world's [[Henrik Igityan National Centre for Aesthetics#Children's Art Museum|first children's art museum]], the [[Henrik Igityan National Centre for Aesthetics]] opened in Yerevan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://nca.am/en/nca/history |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=nca.am}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-01 |title=Children's Art Gallery - The Caucasus Tours |url=https://www.thecaucasustours.com/childrens-art-gallery/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-22 |title=Venue[s] • EVN Report |url=https://evnmediafest.com/venue/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=evnmediafest.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[1979]] &ndash; The [[Federal Communications Commission (FCC)]] begins allowing people to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government license.
*[[1989]] &ndash; The [[Space Shuttle Atlantis|Space Shuttle ''Atlantis'']] launches on [[STS-34]] to deploy the Jupiter-bound [[Galileo (spacecraft)|Galileo]] space probe.<ref name="Spacefacts STS-34">{{cite web |last=Becker |first=Joachim |title=Spaceflight mission report: STS-34 |url=http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-34.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126215342/http://spacefacts.de/mission/english/sts-34.htm |archive-date=November 26, 2020 |access-date=February 26, 2014 |publisher=SPACEFACTS}}</ref>
*[[1991]] &ndash; The Supreme Council of [[Azerbaijan]] adopts a declaration of independence from the [[Soviet Union]].
*[[1992]] &ndash; [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 5601|Merpati Nustantara Airlines Flight 5601]] crashes into [[Mount Papandayan]] near the town of [[Garut]] in [[West Java]], [[Indonesia]], killing 31.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ranter|first=Harro|title=ASN Aircraft accident IPTN/CASA CN-235-10 PK-MNN Garut|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921018-0|access-date=2021-10-18|website=aviation-safety.net|publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Bolivian gas conflict]]: [[Bolivia]]n President [[Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada]] is forced to resign and leave Bolivia.
*[[2007]] &ndash; [[2007 Karachi bombing|Karachi bombing]]: A suicide attack on a motorcade carrying former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan|Pakistani Prime Minister]] [[Benazir Bhutto]] kills 139 and wounds 450 more. Bhutto herself is uninjured.
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[NASA Astronaut Corps|NASA Astronauts]] [[Jessica Meir]] and [[Christina Koch]] take part in the first all-female [[Extravehicular activity|spacewalk]] when they venture out of the [[International Space Station]] to replace a power controller.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Zraick|first=Karen|date=2019-10-18|title=NASA Astronauts Complete the First All-Female Spacewalk|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/18/science/space/nasa-female-spacewalk.html|access-date=2020-08-25|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*  2019   &ndash; [[2019–2020 Chilean protests|Riots in Chile's capital Santiago]] escalate into open battles, with attacks reported at nearly all of the city's 164 [[Santiago Metro|Metro]] stations. President [[Sebastián Piñera]] later announces a 15-day state of emergency in the capital.<ref name="Aljazeera191019051808789">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-state-emergency-declared-santiago-191019051808789.html|title=Chile protests: State of emergency declared in Santiago |website=aljazeera.com |access-date=21 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020062524/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/chile-protests-state-emergency-declared-santiago-191019051808789.html|archive-date=20 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BBC50113090">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50113090|title=Three dead in Chile supermarket fire amid riots|date=20 October 2019|access-date=21 October 2019|newspaper=BBC News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021030406/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-50113090|archive-date=21 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>