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==Events== ===Pre-1600=== * [[AD 25]] – [[Luoyang]] is [[History of the Han dynasty#Reconsolidation under Guangwu|declared]] capital of the [[Eastern Han dynasty]] by [[Emperor Guangwu of Han]]. * [[176]] – Emperor [[Marcus Aurelius]] grants his son [[Commodus]] the rank of "[[Imperator]]" and makes him Supreme Commander of the [[Roman legion]]s. * [[395]] – [[Rufinus (consul)|Rufinus]], [[Praetorian prefecture of the East|praetorian prefect of the East]], is murdered by [[Goths|Gothic]] mercenaries under [[Gainas]]. * [[511]] – King [[Clovis I]] dies at [[Lutetia]] and is buried in the [[Abbey of St Genevieve]]. * [[602]] – [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] Emperor [[Maurice (emperor)|Maurice]] is forced to watch as the usurper [[Phocas]] executes his five sons before Maurice is [[Decapitation|beheaded]] himself. * [[1095]] – [[Pope Urban II]] declares the [[First Crusade]] at the [[Council of Clermont]]. * [[1382]] – [[Al-Salih Hajji]], the last Qalawunid sultan, was deposed by [[Barquq]] in 1382, ending the long period of the [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] [[Bahri Mamluks|Bahri Mamluk]] period in general and particularly the [[Qalawunid dynasty]] and starting the reign of the [[Circassians|Circassian]] [[Burji Mamluks|Burji Mamluk]].<ref>Holt, 2014, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=TqasAgAAQBAJ 128]</ref> * [[1542]] – [[Palace plot of Renyin year]]: A group of [[Ming dynasty]] [[lady-in-waiting|palace women]] fail to murder the [[Jiajing Emperor]], and are executed by [[Lingchi|slow-slicing]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Zhang |first=Tingyu |author-link=Zhang Tingyu |date=1739 |language=lzh |title=《明史》卷一百十四 列傳第二 后妃二 |volume=114 |url=https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/明史/卷114#孝烈方皇后 |quote=二十一年……帝宿端妃宮。金英等伺帝熟寢,以組縊帝項,誤為死結,得不絕。同事張金蓮知事不就,走告后。后馳至,解組,帝蘇。 }}</ref> ===1601–1900=== *[[1727]] – The foundation stone to the [[Jerusalem Church (Berlin)|Jerusalem Church]] in [[Berlin]] is laid. *[[1755]] – An [[1755 Meknes earthquake|earthquake in northern Morocco]] devastates the cities of [[Fes]] and [[Meknes]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Moratti |first1=G. |last2=Piccardi |first2=L. |last3=Vannucci |first3=G. |last4=Belardinelli |first4=M.E. |last5=Dahmani |first5=M. |last6=Bendkik |first6=A. |last7=Chenakeb |first7=M. |title=The 1755 "Meknes" earthquake (Morocco): field data and geodynamic implications |journal=Journal of Geodynamics |date=August 2003 |volume=36 |issue=1–2 |pages=305–322 |doi=10.1016/S0264-3707(03)00052-8|bibcode=2003JGeo...36..305M }}</ref> *[[1809]] – The [[Berners Street hoax]] is perpetrated by [[Theodore Hook]] in the [[City of Westminster]], London. *[[1815]] – Adoption of the [[Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland]]. *[[1830]] – Saint [[Catherine Labouré]] experiences a [[Marian apparition]]. *[[1835]] – [[James Pratt and John Smith]] are hanged in London; they are the last two to be executed for sodomy in England. *[[1839]] – In [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]], the [[American Statistical Association]] is founded. *[[1856]] – The [[Luxembourg Coup of 1856|Coup of 1856]] leads to [[Luxembourg]]'s unilateral adoption of a new, reactionary [[Constitution of Luxembourg|constitution]]. *[[1863]] – [[American Civil War]]: [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] cavalry leader [[John Hunt Morgan]] and several of his men escape the [[Ohio Penitentiary]] and return safely to the [[Confederate States of America|South]]. *[[1863]] – American Civil War: [[Battle of Mine Run]]: [[United States|Union]] forces under General [[George Meade]] take up positions against troops led by [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] General [[Robert E. Lee]]. *[[1868]] – [[American Indian Wars]]: [[Battle of Washita River]]: [[United States Army]] [[Lieutenant Colonel]] [[George Armstrong Custer]] leads an attack on [[Cheyenne]] living on reservation land. *[[1879]] – [[War of the Pacific]]: [[Battle of Tarapacá]]: The confrontation between the [[Chilean Army]] and the [[Peruvian Army]] takes place in [[Tarapacá]], the Peruvian victory is consummated with the death of the 2 [[general]]s and the capture the [[Chile]]an [[general]] in said place of battle, headed by the Peruvian victory of General [[Juan Buendía|Juan Buendía y Noregia]].<ref>{{cite book| title=Historia de la República del Perú (1822-1933)| author=Basadre Grohmann, Jorge| year=2005| publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A. | isbn= 978-997-2205-71-2}}</ref> *[[1895]] – At the Swedish–Norwegian Club in Paris, [[Alfred Nobel]] signs his [[last will and testament]], setting aside his estate to establish the [[Nobel Prize]] after he dies. *[[1896]] – ''[[Also sprach Zarathustra]]'' by [[Richard Strauss]] is first performed. ===1901–present=== *[[1901]] – The [[U.S. Army War College]] is established. *[[1912]] – [[Spain]] declares a [[Spanish protectorate in Morocco|protectorate]] over the north shore of [[Morocco]]. *[[1917]] – [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud|P. E. Svinhufvud]] becomes the chairman of [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud's first senate|his first senate]], technically the first [[Prime Minister of Finland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/governments-and-ministers|title=Governments and Ministers since 1917|website=Finnish Government|language=en-US|access-date=2021-11-16}}</ref> *[[1918]] – The [[Makhnovshchina]] is established. *[[1924]] – In New York City, the first [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]] is held. *[[1940]] – In [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]], the ruling [[Iron Guard]] fascist party [[Jilava massacre|assassinates]] over 60 of arrested King [[Carol II of Romania]]'s aides and other political dissidents. * 1940 – [[World War II]]: At the [[Battle of Cape Spartivento]], the [[Royal Navy]] engages the [[Regia Marina]] in the [[Mediterranean Sea]]. *[[1942]] – World War II: At [[Toulon]], the French navy [[Scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon|scuttles its ships and submarines]] to keep them out of [[Nazism|Nazi]] hands. *[[1944]] – World War II: [[RAF Fauld explosion]]: An explosion at a [[Royal Air Force]] ammunition dump in [[Staffordshire]] kills seventy people. *[[1945]] – [[CARE (relief agency)|CARE]] (then the Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe) is founded to send [[CARE Package]]s of food relief to Europe after World War II. *[[1954]] – [[Alger Hiss]] is released from prison after serving 44 months for [[perjury]]. *[[1965]] – [[Vietnam War]]: [[The Pentagon]] tells U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] that if planned operations are to succeed, the number of American troops in [[Vietnam]] has to be increased from 120,000 to 400,000. *[[1968]] – [[Penny Ann Early]] becomes the first woman to play in a major professional men's basketball league, for the [[Kentucky Colonels]] in an [[American Basketball Association|ABA]] game against the [[Los Angeles Stars]]. *[[1971]] – The [[Soviet space program]]'s [[Mars probe program|''Mars 2'']] orbiter releases a descent module. It malfunctions and crashes, but it is the first man-made object to reach the surface of [[Mars]]. *[[1973]] – [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Twenty-fifth Amendment]]: The [[United States Senate]] votes 92–3 to confirm [[Gerald Ford]] as [[Vice President of the United States]]. (On [[December 6]], the [[United States House of Representatives|House]] will confirm him 387–35). *[[1975]] – The [[Provisional IRA]] assassinates [[Ross McWhirter]], after a [[news conference|press conference]] in which McWhirter had announced a reward for the capture of those responsible for multiple bombings and shootings across [[England]]. *[[1978]] – In [[San Francisco]], city mayor [[George Moscone]] and openly [[gay]] [[city supervisor]] [[Harvey Milk]] are [[Moscone–Milk assassinations|assassinated]] by former supervisor [[Dan White]]. * 1978 – The [[Kurdistan Workers' Party]] (PKK) is founded in the Turkish village of Fis. *[[1983]] – [[Avianca Flight 011]]: A [[Boeing 747]] crashes near [[Madrid]]'s [[Barajas Airport]], killing 181. *[[1984]] – Under the [[Brussels Agreement, 1984|Brussels Agreement]] signed between the governments of the United Kingdom and Spain, the former agrees to enter into discussions with Spain over [[Gibraltar]], including sovereignty. *[[1989]] – [[Avianca Flight 203]]: A [[Boeing 727]] explodes in mid-air over [[Colombia]], killing all 107 people on board and three people on the ground. The [[Medellín Cartel]] claimed responsibility for the attack. *[[1992]] – For the second time in a year, [[Armed forces|military forces]] try to overthrow president [[Carlos Andrés Pérez]] in [[Venezuela]]. *[[1997]] – Twenty-five people are killed in the second [[Souhane massacre]] in [[Algeria]]. *[[1999]] – The centre-left [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] takes control of the [[New Zealand]] government with leader [[Helen Clark]] becoming the first elected female prime minister in New Zealand's history. *[[2001]] – A [[hydrogen]] [[Celestial body atmosphere|atmosphere]] is discovered on the [[extrasolar planet]] [[Osiris (planet)|Osiris]] by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]], the first atmosphere detected on an extrasolar planet. *[[2004]] – [[Pope John Paul II]] returns the relics of Saint [[John Chrysostom]] to the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]. *2004 – [[Blackwater 61 crash]]: A [[CASA C-212 Aviocar]] crashes into the [[Koh-i-Baba]] mountain range in Afghanistan, killing six.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 8, 2006 |title=Controlled Flight Into Terrain, CASA C-212-CC, N960BW, Bamiyan, Afghanistan, November 27, 2004 |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAB0607.pdf |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |id=NTSB/AAB-06/07}}</ref> *[[2006]] – The [[House of Commons of Canada]] approves a motion introduced by [[Canadian Prime Minister|Prime Minister]] [[Stephen Harper]] recognizing [[Québécois nation motion|the Québécois as a nation]] within Canada. *[[2008]] – [[XL Airways Germany Flight 888T]]: An [[Airbus A320 family|Airbus A320]] performing a [[flight test]] crashes near the [[Communes of France|French commune]] of [[Canet-en-Roussillon]], killing all seven people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20081127-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Airbus A320-232 D-AXLA Canet-Plage|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> *[[2009]] – [[2009 Nevsky Express bombing|Nevsky Express bombing]]: A bomb explodes on the [[Nevsky Express]] train between [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg]], derailing it and causing 28 deaths and 96 injuries. *[[2015]] – An active shooter inside a [[Planned Parenthood]] facility in [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]], [[Colorado Springs Planned Parenthood shooting|shoots]] at least four [[Colorado Springs Police Department|police officers]]. One officer later dies. Two civilians are also killed, and six injured. The shooter later surrendered. *[[2020]] – Iran's top nuclear scientist, [[Mohsen Fakhrizadeh]], is assassinated near [[Tehran]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2020-11-27|title=Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, Iran's top nuclear scientist, assassinated near Tehran|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-55105934|access-date=2020-11-28}}</ref> * 2020 – Days after the announcement of its discovery, the [[Utah monolith]] is removed by recreationists.<ref name="NYT-20201129">{{cite news|last=Pietsch|first=Bryan|date=November 29, 2020|title=That Mysterious Monolith in the Utah Desert? It's Gone, Officials Say – The metal structure has been removed, Utah officials said on Saturday, adding that they had not taken it down.|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/28/us/monolith-utah-disappeared.html|url-status=live|access-date=November 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216173228/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/28/us/monolith-utah-disappeared.html|archive-date=December 16, 2020}}</ref> * [[2024]] – [[Military Operations Command (Syria)|Syrian rebel groups]] led by [[Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham]] launch a [[Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)|ground offensive]] into [[Syria]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agencies and ToI Staff |title=Rebels launch large-scale attack on Assad's forces in northwestern Syria |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/rebels-launch-large-scale-attack-on-assads-forces-in-northwestern-syria/ |access-date=2024-12-04 |website=www.timesofisrael.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
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