Editing November 22 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[498]] &ndash; After the death of [[Pope Anastasius II|Anastasius II]], [[Pope Symmachus|Symmachus]] is elected Pope in the [[Lateran Palace]], while [[Antipope Laurentius|Laurentius]] is elected Pope in [[Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore|Santa Maria Maggiore]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Attwater |first1=Aubrey |title=A Dictionary of Popes: From Peter to Pius XII. |date=1939 |isbn=978-0-19-929581-4 |page=49 |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uVmcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA49 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[845]] &ndash; The first duke of [[Brittany]], [[Nominoe]], defeats the Frankish king [[Charles the Bald]] at the [[Battle of Ballon]] near [[Redon, Ille-et-Vilaine|Redon]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Riche |first1=Pierre |title=The Carolingians: A Family Who Forged Europe |date=1993 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-1342-3 |page=195 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tcjy7bCmFL0C&pg=PA195 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1307]] &ndash; [[Pope Clement V]] issues the papal bull ''[[Pastoralis Praeeminentiae]]'' which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all [[Knights Templar|Templars]] and seize their assets.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Barber |first1=Malcolm |title=The Trial of the Templars |date=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-45727-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/trialoftemplars0000barb/page/n82 73] |url=https://archive.org/details/trialoftemplars0000barb |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1574]] &ndash; Spanish navigator [[Juan Fernández (explorer)|Juan Fernández]] discovers islands now known as the [[Juan Fernández Islands]] off [[Chile]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stuessy |first1=Tod F. |last2=Crawford |first2=Daniel J. |last3=López-Sepúlveda |first3=Patricio |last4=Baeza |first4=Carlos M. |last5=Ruiz |first5=Eduardo A. |title=Plants of Oceanic Islands: Evolution, Biogeography, and Conservation of the Flora of the Juan Fernández (Robinson Crusoe) Archipelago |date=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-85296-5 |page=5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L3A4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |language=en}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1635]] &ndash; [[Dutch Formosa|Dutch colonial forces]] on [[Taiwan]] launch a [[Dutch pacification campaign on Formosa|pacification campaign]] against [[Taiwanese aborigines|native villages]], resulting in Dutch control of the middle and south of the island.<ref>{{cite book |last=Junius |first=R. |chapter=Robertus Junius to the Directors of the Amsterdam Chamber of Commerce of the East India Company |title=Formosa under the Dutch: Described from Contemporary Records |editor-link=William Campbell (missionary) |editor-last=Campbell |editor-first=William |year=1903 |orig-year=1636 |publisher=Kegan Paul |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/formosaunderdut01campgoog |oclc=644323041 |page=117|isbn=9789576380839 }}</ref>
*[[1718]] &ndash; [[Royal Navy]] Lieutenant [[Robert Maynard]] attacks and boards the vessels of the British pirate Edward Teach (best known as "[[Blackbeard]]") off the coast of [[North Carolina]]. The casualties on both sides include Maynard's first officer Mister Hyde and Teach himself.<ref>{{Citation | last = Lee | first = Robert E. | title = Blackbeard the Pirate | publisher = John F. Blair | location = North Carolina | year = 2002 | orig-year = 1974 | isbn = 0-89587-032-0 | pages=120–124}}</ref>
*[[1837]] &ndash; Canadian journalist and politician [[William Lyon Mackenzie]] calls for a [[Upper Canada Rebellion|rebellion]] against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of [[Upper Canada]]", published in his newspaper ''The Constitution''.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Champlain Society|author2=Ontario Heritage Foundation|title=Rebellion of 1837 in Upper Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K6H6vqtEof8C&pg=PA104|year=1985|publisher=McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP|isbn=978-0-88629-026-9|page=104}}</ref>
*[[1855]] &ndash; In [[Birmingham]], England, [[Albert, Prince Consort]] lays the foundation stone of the [[Birmingham and Midland Institute]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rct.uk/group/421/content/collections/royal-archives/prince-alberts-official-papers/the-laying-of-the-2|title=Prince Albert's Official Papers |date=22 November 1855|website=Royal Collection Trust|access-date=3 August 2022}}</ref> 
*[[1869]] &ndash; In [[Dumbarton]], Scotland, the [[clipper]] ''[[Cutty Sark]]'' is launched.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/discover/behind-the-scenes/blog/cutty-sark-149-years-history|title=Cutty Sark – 149 years of history|date=20 November 2018|website=Royal Museums Greenwich|access-date=28 October 2020}}</ref> 
*[[1873]] &ndash; The French steamer [[SS Ville du Havre|SS ''Ville du Havre'']] sinks in 12 minutes after colliding with the Scottish iron clipper ''[[Loch Line|Loch Earn]]'' in the Atlantic, with a loss of 226 lives.<ref>{{cite book|last=Flayhart|first=William H.|title=Disaster at Sea: Shipwrecks, Storms, and Collisions on the Atlantic|location=New York|publisher=W.W. Norton & Co.|date=2003|isbn=9780393326512|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AGLeVdGbA5wC|pages=63–68}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1908]] &ndash; The [[Congress of Manastir]] establishes the [[Albanian alphabet]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Skendi|first=Stavro|title=Albanian National Awakening|location=Princeton, N.J.|publisher=Princeton University Press|date=2016|isbn=9780691650029|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QPWCgAAQBAJ&q=Congress+was+held|pages=370–373}}</ref>
*[[1921]] &ndash; During [[The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1920–1922)]], 22 [[Irish nationalism|Irish Nationalists]] are killed in Belfast in one day.<ref>Moore, Cormac, (2019), ''Birth of the Border'', Merrion Press, Newbridge, p. 49, {{ISBN|978-1-78537-293-3}}</ref>
*[[1935]] &ndash; The ''[[China Clipper]]'' inaugurates the first commercial transpacific air service, connecting [[China Clipper flight departure site|Alameda, California]] with [[Manila]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Nolte|first=Carl|title=China Clipper's flight made history 75 years ago|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=November 22, 2010|accessdate=November 22, 2022|url=https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/China-Clipper-s-flight-made-history-75-years-ago-3165474.php}}</ref>
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: Following the initial [[Greco-Italian War|Italian invasion]], [[Kingdom of Greece (Glücksburg)|Greek]] troops counterattack into [[Albanian Kingdom (1939–43)|Italian-occupied Albania]] and capture [[Korçë|Korytsa]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Pantelurēs|first=Euagoras M.|title=Greece: An Introduction|location=Glasgow, Scotland|publisher=Blueacre Books|date=1980|isbn=9780950681412|pages=73–74}}</ref>
*[[1942]] &ndash; World War II: [[Battle of Stalingrad]]: General [[Friedrich Paulus]] sends [[Adolf Hitler]] a [[Telegraphy|telegram]] saying that the German [[6th Army (Wehrmacht)|6th Army]] is surrounded.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kerr|first=Walter B.|title=The Secret of Stalingrad|location=Garden City, NY|publisher=Doubleday|date=1978|isbn=9780385134590|pages=231–232}}</ref>
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: [[Cairo Conference]]: U.S. President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]], and Chinese Premier [[Chiang Kai-shek]] meet in [[Cairo]], Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan.<ref>{{cite book|last=Heiferman|first=Ronald|title=The Cairo Conference of 1943: Roosevelt, Churchill, Chiang Kai-shek, and Madame Chiang|location=Jefferson, N.C.|publisher=McFarland|date=2011|isbn=9780786448043|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7k1CE8XXFoC|pages=60–64}}</ref>
*  1943   &ndash; [[Lebanon]] gains independence from France, nearly two years after it was first announced by the [[Free French]] government.<ref>{{cite book|last=Salamey|first=Imad|title=The Government and Politics of Lebanon|location=New York|publisher=Routledge|date=2014|isbn=9780415636872|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SShmAQAAQBAJ|page=29}}</ref>
*  [[1952]] &ndash; A [[Douglas C-124 Globemaster II]] [[1952 Mount Gannett C-124 crash|crashes]] into [[Mount Gannett|Mount Gannet]], Alaska, killing all 52 aboard.<ref name="LATimes20120628">{{cite news |last=Nelson |first=Laura J. |date=June 28, 2012 |title=After 60 years, Alaska glacier gives up wreckage from 1952 crash |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-xpm-2012-jun-28-la-na-nn-plane-glacier-alaska-06282012-story.html |access-date=June 19, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref>
*[[1955]] &ndash; The [[Soviet Union]] launches [[RDS-37]], a 1.6 megaton [[Thermonuclear weapon|two stage hydrogen bomb]] designed by [[Andrei Sakharov]]. The bomb was dropped over [[Semipalatinsk Test Site|Semipalatinsk]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soviets explode atomic bomb|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviets-explode-atomic-bomb|access-date=2021-11-04|website=HISTORY|date=9 February 2010 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1963]] &ndash; U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] is [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassinated]] and [[Texas]] Governor [[John Connally]] is seriously wounded by [[Lee Harvey Oswald]], who also kills Dallas Police officer [[J. D. Tippit]] after fleeing the scene.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lee Harvey Oswald &#124; Biography, Facts, Wife, & Death  |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lee-Harvey-Oswald#ref248643 |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=24 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Vice President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] is [[First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson|sworn in]] as the 36th [[President of the United States]] afterwards.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lyndon B. Johnson &#124; Biography, Presidency, Civil Rights, Vietnam War, & Facts &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lyndon-B-Johnson |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=24 May 2023 |language=en |date=31 March 2023}}</ref>
*  1963   &ndash; Five Indian generals are killed in a [[1963 Poonch Indian Air Force helicopter crash|helicopter crash]], due to collision with two parallel lines of telegraph cables.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/11/23/archives/5-indian-generals-die-in-air-crash-their-copter-in-kashmir-is-said.html |title=5 Indian Generals die in air crash; Their Copter in Kashmir Is Said to Have Hit Wire |date=November 23, 1963 |access-date=April 2, 2022|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= Indian army remembers 1963 Poonch crash victims |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/indian-army-remembers-1963-poonch-crash-victims-113112201006_1.html |date=November 22, 2013 |access-date=April 2, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Coonoor IAF Helicopter Crash: A Grim Reminder on High-Profile Military Air Mishaps |url=https://www.india.com/news/india/cds-bipin-rawat-killed-in-coonoor-iaf-helicopter-crash-list-of-high-profile-military-air-crashes-in-india-5130390 |date=December 9, 2021 |access-date=April 2, 2022}}</ref>
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 242|UN Security Council Resolution 242]] is adopted, establishing a set of the principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an [[Arabs|Arab]]–[[Israel]]i peace settlement.<ref>{{cite web |title=United Nations Resolution 242 &#124; Definition & Facts &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/United-Nations-Resolution-242 |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=9 July 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1968]] &ndash; [[Japan Air Lines Flight 2]] accidentally [[Water landing|ditches]] in [[San Francisco Bay]] while on approach to [[San Francisco International Airport]]. No one is injured.<ref name="AAR7002r">{{cite report |url=https://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/ntsb/aircraft-accident-reports/AAR70-02.pdf |title=Aircraft Accident Report: Japan Airlines Co., Ltd.; DC-8-62, JA 8032; San Francisco Bay; San Francisco, California |date=December 31, 1969 |publisher=National Transportation Safety Board |access-date=11 April 2022}}</ref>
*[[1971]] &ndash; In Britain's worst mountaineering tragedy, the [[Cairngorm Plateau Disaster]], five children and one of their leaders are found dead from [[Hypothermia|exposure]] in the Scottish mountains.<ref>{{cite book|last=Baker|first=Patrick|title=The Cairngorms: A Secret History|location=Edinburgh|publisher=Birlinn Ltd.|date=2014|isbn=9781780271880|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ficlEAAAQBAJ|page=41|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Walk to Death|work=The Nottingham Guardian Journal|date=23 November 1971|page=1|postscript=none}}; {{cite news|title=Mountain of Death Banned to Children|work=The Evening Standard|date=23 November 1971|page=3}}</ref>
*[[1975]] &ndash; [[Juan Carlos I of Spain|Juan Carlos]] is declared [[List of Spanish monarchs|King of Spain]] following the death of [[Francisco Franco]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Nelsson |first1=Richard |title=Archive, 1975: Juan Carlos takes over power from dying Franco |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/from-the-archive-blog/2020/oct/21/juan-carlos-tales-over-power-from-dying-franco-1975 |website=The Guardian |access-date=24 May 2023 |date=21 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[1987]] &ndash; The [[Max Headroom signal hijacking]] incident takes place, in which a pirate broadcast interrupts television broadcasts in [[Chicago]].<ref name="Knittel">{{cite web |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/headroom-hacker/ |title=The Mystery of the Creepiest Television Hack |first=Chris |last=Knittel |date=November 25, 2013 |work=[[Motherboard (website)|Motherboard]] |publisher=Vice Media |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918011433/http://motherboard.vice.com/read/headroom-hacker |archive-date=September 18, 2014}}</ref>
*[[1989]] &ndash; [[NASA]] launches [[Space Shuttle Discovery|Space Shuttle ''Discovery'']] on [[STS-33]], a classified mission for the [[United States Department of Defense]].<ref name="cassutt200908">{{cite news |author=Cassutt, Michael |date=August 2009 |title=Secret Space Shuttles |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/space/secret-space-shuttles-35318554/?all |access-date=April 19, 2015 |publisher=Air & Space magazine}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; British [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] withdraws from the [[1990 Conservative Party leadership election|Conservative Party leadership election]], confirming the end of her [[Premiership of Margaret Thatcher|Prime-Ministership]].<ref name=Chase2019 />
*[[1994]] &ndash; A [[Trans World Airlines]] [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80]] and [[Cessna 441 Conquest II]] aircraft [[1994 St. Louis Airport collision|collide]] on the runway at [[St. Louis Lambert International Airport]] in [[Bridgeton, Missouri]], killing two people and injuring eight.<ref name="Final Report AAR-95-05">{{cite book |url=https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports/AAR9505.pdf |title=Aircraft Accident Report, Runway Collision Involving Trans World Airlines Flight 427 And Superior Aviation Cessna 441, Bridgeton, Missouri, November 22, 1994 |date=August 30, 1995 |publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |id=NTSB/AAR-95/05 |access-date=August 24, 2016}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[2003 Baghdad DHL attempted shootdown incident|Baghdad DHL attempted shootdown incident]]: Shortly after takeoff, a [[DHL Express]] cargo plane is struck on the left wing by a surface-to-air missile and forced to land.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kazda |first1=Antonin |last2=Caves |first2=Robert E. |title=Airport Design and Operation |year= 2015 |publisher=Emerald Group Publishing |isbn=978-1-78441-869-4 |page=309 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rVtGCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA309 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; The [[Orange Revolution]] begins in [[Ukraine]], resulting from the presidential elections.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Veira-Ramos |first1=Alberto |last2=Liubyva |first2=Tetiana |last3=Golovakha |first3=Evgenii |title=Ukraine in Transformation: From Soviet Republic to European Society |date= 2019 |publisher=Springer Nature |isbn=978-3-030-24978-6 |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vDK0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA180 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; During the [[Bon Om Touk|Cambodian water festival]], a [[Phnom Penh stampede|stampede]] in [[Koh Pich]], [[Phnom Penh]], kills 347 people.<ref name="cnn25">{{cite news |date=25 November 2010 |title=Government decreases death toll in Cambodian stampede |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/11/25/cambodia.festival.deaths/index.html |access-date=25 November 2010 |work=CNN}}</ref>
*[[2014]] &ndash; While playing with a toy gun in Cleveland, 12-year-old [[African Americans|African American]] Tamir Rice is [[Killing of Tamir Rice|killed]] by a white police officer.<ref name="Fitzsimmons">{{cite news |last1=Fitzsimmons |first1=Emma |date=November 23, 2014 |title=12-Year-Old Boy Dies After Police in Cleveland Shoot Him |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/us/boy-12-dies-after-being-shot-by-cleveland-police-officer.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210210084549/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/us/boy-12-dies-after-being-shot-by-cleveland-police-officer.html |archive-date=February 10, 2021 |access-date=November 25, 2014 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
*[[2022]] &ndash; [[2022 Chesapeake shooting|A shooting]] at a [[Walmart]] in [[Chesapeake, Virginia]] leaves seven workers dead, including the shooter, and four others injured.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/22/us/chesapeake-virginia-walmart-shooting|title=6 victims shot and killed in a Virginia Walmart include a 16-year-old boy|work=[[CNN]]|date=22 November 2022}}</ref>