Editing Northern Low Saxon (section)

==Dialects==
Northern Low Saxon can be divided into Holsteinian ({{lang|de|Holsteinisch}}), Schleswigian ({{lang|de|Schleswigsch}}), [[East Frisian Low Saxon]], Dithmarsch ({{lang|de|Dithmarsisch}}), North Hanoveranian ({{lang|de|Nordhannoversch}}), Emslandish ({{lang|de|Emsländisch}}), and Oldenburgish ({{lang|de|Oldenburgisch}}) in Germany,<ref>Noble, Cecil A. M. (1983). ''Modern German dialects'', New York / Berne / Frankfort on the Main, Peter Lang, p. 103-104</ref> with additional dialects in the Netherlands such as Gronings.<ref>{{cite web| editor-last1= Hammarström| editor-first1 = Harald| editor-last2 = Forke| editor-first2 = Robert| editor-last3 = Haspelmath| editor-first3 = Martin| editor-last4 = Bank| editor-first4 = Sebastian| year = 2020|title = North Low Saxon | work = [[Glottolog]] 4.3| url = https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/ostf1234}}</ref>

''{{lang|de|Holsteinisch}}'' is spoken in [[Holstein]], the southern part of [[Schleswig-Holstein]] in [[Germany]], in [[Dithmarschen]], around [[Neumünster]], [[Rendsburg]], [[Kiel]] and [[Lübeck]].

''{{lang|de|Schleswigsch}}'' ({{IPA|de|ˈʃleːsvɪkʃ}}) is spoken in [[Schleswig]], which is divided between [[Germany]] and [[Denmark]]. It is mainly based on a [[South Jutlandic]] [[Substrata (linguistics)|substrate]]. Therefore, it has some notable differences in pronunciation and grammar with its southern neighbour dialects. The dialects on the west coast of Schleswig (Nordfriesland district) and some [[North Frisian Islands|islands]] show some [[North Frisian language|North Frisian]] influences.{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}

''{{lang|de|Oldenburgisch}}'' is spoken around the city of [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]]. It is limited to Germany. The main difference between it and [[East Frisian Low Saxon]], which is spoken in the Frisian parts of [[Lower Saxony]], is the lack of an [[East Frisian Low Saxon|East Frisian]] substrate. ''Oldenburgisch'' is spoken in the city of [[Bremen (city)|Bremen]] as ''"Bremian"'', which is the only capital where ''Oldenburgisch'' is spoken.

===Overviews===
a)<ref>Wolfgang Lindow, Dieter Möhn, Hermann Niebaum, Dieter Stellmacher, Hans Taubken and Jan Wirrer, ''Niederdeutsche Grammatik'', 1998, p. 18f.</ref>
* {{lang|de|Schleswigsch}}
* {{lang|de|Holsteinisch}}
* {{lang|de|Hamburgisch}}
* {{lang|de|Bremisch-Oldenburgisch}}
* {{lang|de|Ostfriesisch}} ([[East Frisian Low Saxon|East Frisian]])
* {{lang|de|Emsländisch}}

b)<ref>{{Cite web |author=Heinrich Thies |editor=Fehrs-Gilde |title=1.1.1.4 Sog. Nordniedersächsisch (Nordniederdeutsch) |url=https://sass-platt.de/plattdeutsche-grammatik/1-1-1-4-Sog-Nordniedersaechsisch-Nordniederdeutsch.html |access-date=21 September 2023}}, in: {{Cite web |author=Heinrich Thies |editor=Fehrs-Gilde |title=SASS Plattdeutsche Grammatik |url=https://sass-platt.de/plattdeutsche-grammatik/startseite.html |access-date=21 September 2023}}</ref>
* {{lang|de|Ostfriesisch}} ([[East Frisian Low Saxon|East Frisian]])
* {{lang|de|Emsländisch}}
* {{lang|de|Bremisch-Oldenburgisch}}
* {{lang|de|Nordhannoversch}}
* {{lang|de|Niederelbisch}} (Hamburg, Elbmarschen)
* {{lang|de|Holsteinisch}}
* {{lang|de|Schleswigsch}}

c) <ref>C. A. M. Noble, ''Modern German dialects'', 1983, p. 117</ref>{{Full citation needed |date=December 2024}}
* Dithmarsch
* Schleswigsch / Schleswigian
* Holsteinisch / Holsteinian
* Oldenburgisch
* Emsländisch
* Nordhannoversch

Emsländisch and Oldenburgisch are also grouped together as ''Emsländisch-Oldenburgisch'', while Bremen and Hamburg lie in the area of Nordhannoversch (in a broader sense).<ref>Michael Elmentaler and Peter Rosenberg (with the collaboration of others), ''Norddeutscher Sprachatlas (NOSA). Band 1: Regiolektale Sprachlagen'', (series: ''Deutsche Dialektgeographie'' 113.1), Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 2015, p. 89 (map: ''Karte 1: Untersuchungsregionen und -orte des Projekts „Sprachvariation in Norddeutschland“''), 97 (map: ''Karte 6: Vergleichskorpus (2): Sprachdaten aus dem KÖNIG-Korpus (1975/76)'')</ref><ref>Jan Wirrer, ''Sprachwissen – Spracherfahrung: Untersuchungen zum metasprachlichen Wissen sprachwissenschaftlicher Laien'', (series: ''Deutsche Dialektgeographie'' 116), Georg Olms Verlag, Hildesheim, 2021, p. 10</ref>