Editing North Caldwell, New Jersey (section)

==History==
North Caldwell was part of the [[Horseneck Tract]], which was an area that consisted of what are now the municipalities of [[Caldwell, New Jersey|Caldwell]], [[West Caldwell, New Jersey|West Caldwell]], North Caldwell, [[Fairfield Township, Essex County, New Jersey|Fairfield]], [[Verona, New Jersey|Verona]], [[Cedar Grove, New Jersey|Cedar Grove]], [[Essex Fells, New Jersey|Essex Fells]], [[Roseland, New Jersey|Roseland]], and portions of [[Livingston, New Jersey|Livingston]] and [[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange]]. In 1702, settlers purchased the {{convert|14,000|acre|km2}} from the [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans of the United States|Native Americans]] for goods equal to $325. The explanation for the name "Horse Neck" lies in the language of its first Dutch settlers and not (as has been inaccurately reported) because of its irregular shape. This purchase encompassed much of western Essex County, from the [[Watchung Mountains|First Mountain]] to the [[Passaic River]].<ref>[http://www.essex-countynj.org/p/index.php?section=parks/sites/hill Hilltop Reservation], Essex County Department of Parks, Recreation, and Cultural Affairs. Accessed January 3, 2012.</ref>

In 1982, the borough was one of four Essex County municipalities to pass a referendum to become a township, joining 11 municipalities that had already made the change. Ultimately, more than a dozen Essex County municipalities reclassified themselves as townships in order take advantage of federal [[revenue sharing]] policies that allocated townships a greater share of government aid to municipalities on a per capita basis.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150925103452/http://www.njstatelib.org/slic_files/imported/NJ_Information/Digital_Collections/MFMG/MFMGCH6.PDF#page=3 "Chapter VI: Municipal Names and Municipal Classification"], p. 73. [[New Jersey State Commission on County and Municipal Government]], 1992. Accessed September 24, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.gao.gov/assets/140/137109.pdf#page=54 "Removing Tiering From The Revenue Sharing Formula Would Eliminate Payment Inequities To Local Governments"], [[Government Accountability Office]], April 15, 1982. Accessed September 24, 2015. "In 1978, South Orange Village was the first municipality to change its name to the 'township' of South Orange Village effective beginning in entitlement period 10 (October 1978 to September 1979). The Borough of Fairfield in 1978 changed its designation by a majority vote of the electorate and became the 'Township of Fairfield' effective beginning entitlement period 11 (October 1979 to September 1980).... However, the Revenue Sharing Act was not changed and the actions taken by South Orange and Fairfield prompted the Town of Montclair and West Orange to change their designation by referendum in the November 4, 1980, election. The municipalities of Belleville, Verona, Bloomfield, Nutley, Essex Fells, Caldwell, and West Caldwell have since changed their classification from municipality to a township."</ref><ref>Narvaez, Alfonso A. [https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/27/nyregion/new-jersey-journal-147786.html "New Jersey Journal"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 27, 1981. Accessed September 24, 2015. "Under the Federal system, New Jersey's portion of the revenue sharing funds is disbursed among the 21 counties to create three 'money pools.' One is for county governments, one for 'places' and a third for townships. By making the change, a community can use the 'township advantage' to get away from the category containing areas with low per capita incomes."</ref><ref>[[Alan Karcher|Karcher, Alan J.]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=o0BmBWloogcC#page=119 ''New Jersey's Multiple Municipal Madness''], pp. 119-120. [[Rutgers University Press]], 1998. {{ISBN|9780813525662}}. Accessed September 24, 2015.</ref> Effective January 1, 1992, it again became a borough.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/popest/data/historical/1990s/boundary_changes/34.html Geographic Change Notes: New Jersey in 1990s], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Accessed January 3, 2012.</ref>

The borough housed the Essex County Penitentiary, constructed in 1872 and used as the Essex County Jail Annex until 2004. It was sold to [[Hovnanian Enterprises|K. Hovnanian Companies]] in 2002, which redeveloped the site into a residential community.<ref>Khavkine, Richard. [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/06/historians_lament_destruction.html "Historians lament destruction of former penitentiary in North Caldwell"], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', June 12, 2011. Accessed January 3, 2012. "Designed in the prevailing Italianate Victorian style and built in 1872 of locally quarried and crafted brownstone on a hill overlooking what is now the border of North Caldwell and Verona, the jail is making room for a different demographic — a housing development."</ref>

In 1994, the "Unabomber", [[Theodore Kaczynski]], sent a mail bomb that killed Thomas J. Mosser, an advertising executive who lived in the borough.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/20/nyregion/unabom-case-plea-to-be-made-via-tv.html "Unabom Case Plea To Be Made via TV"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', November 20, 1996. Accessed November 6, 2012. "Lawyers for Theodore J. Kaczynski, suspected Unabomber, agree to waive his right to appear in person in Newark court to enter plea to charges he killed Thomas J. Mosser, advertising executive who lived in North Caldwell, NJ."</ref>