Editing North Bay, Ontario (section)

==History==
[[File:Portage at Lake Nippising, 1821, by John Elliott Woolford.png | left | thumb | In 1821, official artist [[John Elliott Woolford]] recorded an expedition led by newly appointed Governor General [[George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie]], as it transited the portage that grew into North Bay.]]
[[File:Downtown North Bay, Ontario, Canada - 1905.jpg|thumb|left|Downtown North Bay, 1905]]
[[File:Gateway to North Bay, Ontario.jpg|thumb|left|North Bay is the gateway to [[Northern Ontario]].]]

The site of North Bay is part of a historic canoe route where [[Samuel de Champlain]] took a party up the [[Ottawa River]], through present-day Mattawa, on to Trout Lake and via the La Vase Creek to Lake Nipissing.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=Michael |title=Gateway City The North Bay Story |publisher=North Bay and District Chamber of Commerce |year=1982 |isbn=0-9690991-1-8 |location=North Bay Ontario |pages=6}}</ref>

Apart from Indigenous people, voyageurs and surveyors, there was little activity in the Lake Nipissing area until the arrival of the [[Canadian Pacific Railway]] (CPR) in 1882.

That was the point where the [[Canada Central Railway]] (CCR) extension ended. The CCR was owned by [[Duncan McIntyre (businessman)|Duncan McIntyre]] who amalgamated it with the CPR and became one of the handful of officers of the newly formed CPR. The CCR started in [[Brockville]] and extended to [[Pembroke, Ontario|Pembroke]]. It then followed a westward route along the [[Ottawa River]] passing through places like [[Cobden, Ontario|Cobden]], [[Deux-Rivières, Ontario|Deux-Rivières]], and eventually to [[Mattawa, Ontario|Mattawa]] at the confluence of the Mattawa and Ottawa Rivers. It then proceeded cross-country toward its final destination, Bonfield. Duncan McIntyre and his contractor James Worthington piloted the CCR expansion. Worthington continued on as the construction superintendent for the CPR past Bonfield. He remained with the CPR for about a year until he left the company. McIntyre was uncle to John Ferguson, who staked out future North Bay after getting assurance from his uncle and Worthington that it would be the divisional headquarters and a location of some importance.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

In 1882, John Ferguson decided that the north bay of [[Lake Nipissing]] was a promising spot for settlement. North Bay was incorporated as a town in 1891. The first mayor was John Bourke. More importantly, Bourke developed the western portion of North Bay after purchasing the interest of the Murray Brothers from Pembroke, who were large landholders in the new community. The land west of Klock Avenue (Algonquin Avenue) was known as the Murray block. Bourke Street is named after John Bourke. Murray Street is named after the Murrays.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

North Bay was selected as the southern terminus of the [[Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway]] (T&NO) in 1902, when the [[George William Ross|Ross]] government took the bold move to establish a development road to serve the [[Haileybury, Ontario|Haileybury]] settlement. During construction of the T&NO, [[silver]] was discovered at [[Cobalt, Ontario|Cobalt]] and started a mining frenzy in the northern part of the province that continued for many years. The [[Canadian Northern Railway]] was subsequently built to North Bay in 1913.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

In July 1894, an Act to Charter the Montreal, Ottawa and Georgian Bay Canal passed without a ripple of concern in North Bay.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Barnes |first=Michael |title=Gateway City The North Bay Story |publisher=North Bay and District Chamber of Commerce |year=1982 |isbn=0-9690991-1-8 |pages=28}}</ref> The Georgian Bay Canal was a mammoth transportation system that proposed to connect the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The entire passageway from the Ottawa River to Lake Nipissing and down the [[French River (Ontario)|French River]] to [[Georgian Bay]] was surveyed in the first decade of the 20th century. Financing was a large obstacle and, as time passed, transportation patterns changed and interfered with the earlier practicality of the giant venture. Despite this, there were groups who still hoped it would happen as late as 1930.{{Citation needed|date=September 2019}}

North Bay grew through a strong [[lumber]]ing sector, [[mining]] and the three railways in the early days. The town benefited from strong community leadership and people like Richardson, Milne, McNamara, Englands, Browning, McDougal, Carruthers, McGaughey, George W. Lee, Senator Gordon, T. J. Patton, Charlie Harrison and many others are responsible for its development. In 1919, John Ferguson was elected mayor of North Bay and continued to serve as mayor until 1922. North Bay was incorporated as a city in August 1925.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cityofnorthbay.ca/living/arts-heritage-and-culture/history/ |access-date=2020-06-06 |website=cityofnorthbay.ca |archive-date=2018-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181228034910/https://www.cityofnorthbay.ca/living/arts-heritage-and-culture/history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The [[Dionne Quintuplets]] were born in [[Corbeil, Ontario]], on the southern outskirts of North Bay in 1934. Their births had a tremendous impact on tourism in the area.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bregent-Heald |first=Dominique |date=2018 |title=Five Little Stars: The Dionne Quintuplets, Motherhood, Film and Tourism during the Great Depression |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01439685.2018.1472832 |journal=Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television |volume=39 |pages=54–74 |doi=10.1080/01439685.2018.1472832 |s2cid=194820869 |access-date=2022-01-26 |archive-date=2023-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925093858/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01439685.2018.1472832 |url-status=live }}</ref> For a province struggling against economic strangulation they were as valuable a resource as gold, [[nickel]], pulpwood or hydro power. They saved an entire region from bankruptcy. They launched Northern Ontario's flourishing tourist industry. At their peak they represented a $500 million asset.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Berton |first=Pierre |title=The Dionne Years |year=1977 |isbn=0-7710-1215-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dionneyearsthir00bert/page/12 12] |publisher=McClelland and Stewart |url=https://archive.org/details/dionneyearsthir00bert/page/12}}</ref> North Bay and the surrounding area lived off this legacy well into the 1960s. Many visitors to the area discovered lakes and summer retreats that were easily accessible, and the businesses thrived on the tourist dollars.

In January 1968, the City of North Bay amalgamated with [[West Ferris Township, Ontario|West Ferris]] and [[Widdifield Township, Ontario|Widdifield]] townships.

In 1951, as a result of rising tensions in the [[Cold War]], the Royal Canadian Air Force established an air base at North Bay, part of an expanding national air defence network to counter the threat of nuclear attack against North America by Soviet bombers. Construction of RCAF Station North Bay (in 1966 retitled "Canadian Forces Base North Bay" and in 1993 as "22 Wing/Canadian Forces Base North Bay") took three years, during which it became the largest industry in the community: a status it held for more than four decades. In October 1963, the North American Air Defence Command (NORAD) opened its Canadian operations centre at the base. Staffed by American as well as Canadian military personnel, the centre, situated 60 storeys underground to withstand a nuclear strike, monitored Canada's northern, east-central and Atlantic airspace, identifying and tracking all air traffic in this airspace, and responding to airborne emergencies, crime, and suspicious, unknown and potentially hostile aircraft. In 1983 this responsibility was expanded to all of Canada, and in October 2006 the base's NORAD operations (as of 1981, called [[North American Aerospace Defence Command]]) moved into a new, state-of-the-art facility above ground, where it continues to provide surveillance, identification and tracking of aircraft, and warning and response to emergencies, attacks and other crises, for the air sovereignty of Canada and North America. In summer of 2013, the base commenced surveillance of space via SAPPHIRE, Canada's first military satellite, that was launched into orbit from India in February.<ref name="ReferenceA">22 Wing/Canadian Forces Base North Bay historical archives and active files</ref>

Beginning in the 1990s, the base weathered a series of massive cuts by the federal government, and at one point was earmarked to close. Subsequently, a large portion of its infrastructure, including all of its airfield assets, such as hangars, fuel depot and control tower, were sold or demolished. By the 21st century, the base was no longer the city's top industry.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

One by-product of the air base's creation in 1951 was the extension of the existing airport's runways to handle the largest military aircraft. The long runways at North Bay have been maintained as an alternate landing site for Toronto's [[Pearson International Airport]] and were used during the [[September 11 attacks|September 11 crisis]] as an [[Operation Yellow Ribbon|emergency landing site for several international aircraft]]. It was also a designated emergency field for NASA's Space Transportation System, better known as the Space Shuttle.

On March 17, 2007, North Bay was announced as the winner of 2007 [[Kraft Hockeyville]] contest. North Bay received $50,000 to upgrade their local arena, Memorial Gardens, and also hosted an NHL pre-season game between the [[New York Islanders]] and the [[Atlanta Thrashers]].