Editing Nogales, Arizona (section)

==History==
[[File:Nogales 1899.jpg|thumb|The boundary between Nogales, Arizona, in the United States, on the right, and Nogales, Sonora, in Mexico, on the left, running down the center of a wide avenue, about 1899]]
[[File:Mexican-American border at Nogales.jpg|thumb|Similar picture of the border from the opposite direction, 2007]]
[[File:Arizona - Nogales - NARA - 23933709.jpg|thumb|right|View of Nogales, 1940s]]

The name ''Nogales'' is derived from the Spanish word for 'walnut' or 'walnut tree'. It refers to the large stands of walnut trees that once stood in the mountain pass where Nogales is located.<ref name=cityofnogales>{{cite web| url=http://cityofnogales.net/visitors| title=Welcome to Nogales, AZ| publisher=City of Nogales| access-date=February 1, 2009| archive-date=August 8, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808113917/http://www.cityofnogales.net/visitors/| url-status=dead}}A view of the center of town from hillside, looking west along International Street, c. 1898–99</ref>

Nogales was at the beginning of the 1775–1776 [[Juan Bautista de Anza]] Expedition as it entered the present-day U.S. from [[New Spain]], and the town is now on the [[Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail]]. On the second floor of the 1904 Nogales Courthouse is a small room dedicated to the 1775–1776 Anza Expedition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/juba/planyourvisit/anza-related-sites.htm |title=Anza Related Sites – Juan Bautista de Anza National Historic Trail (U.S. National Park Service) |publisher=Nps.gov |date=February 9, 2014 |access-date=March 1, 2014}}</ref>

In 1841, a land grant from the Mexican government to the Elías family established ''Los Nogales de Elías.'' Following the [[Gadsden Purchase]] in 1853, Nogales became a part of the [[United States|United States of America]]. In 1880, Russian-Jewish immigrants Isaac and Jacob Isaacson homesteaded the trading post of '''Isaacson, Arizona''', at present-day Nogales.<ref name="JMAW">{{cite web |url=https://www.jmaw.org/isaacson-nogalas-jewish/ |title=Isaac & Jacob Isaacson: The Original Jewish Pioneer Brothers of Isaacson/Nogales, Arizona Territory |date=May 20, 2013 |work=Jewish Museum of the American West |publisher=Western States Jewish History Association}}</ref> The U.S. Postal Service opened the Isaacson post office but renamed it as Nogales in 1883.<ref name=nogaleshistory>{{cite web |url=http://www.nogaleshistory.com/nogales_history.html |title=Nogales History |publisher=Pimeria Alta Museum |access-date=February 1, 2009}}</ref><ref name="JMAW"/>

In 1915, according to historian David Leighton, Sonora Gov. Jose M. Maytorena ordered the construction of an 11-wire fence, separating Nogales, Sonora from Nogales, Arizona, but it was taken down four months later.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tucson.com/news/blogs/streetsmarts/street-smarts-first-fence-built-to-hold-back-cattle/article_53067fa5-9ef9-53a2-bd6a-b44d3e67c2f4.html|title=Street Smarts: First fence built to hold back cattle|first=David Leighton For the Arizona Daily|last=Star|date=April 6, 2015 }}</ref>

On August 27, 1918, a [[Battle of Ambos Nogales|battle]] between United States Army forces and Mexican militia – mostly civilian in composition – took place. Culminating as the result of a decade's worth of tensions originating from the [[Mexican Revolution]] and earlier battles in Nogales along the border in 1913 and 1915, the main consequence of the 1918 violence saw the building of the first permanent border wall between Nogales, Arizona, and Nogales, Sonora, along the previously unobstructed boundary line on International Street.