Editing No true Scotsman (section)

==Occurrence==
The "no true Scotsman" fallacy is committed when the arguer satisfies the following conditions:<ref name=godandphilo/><ref name=Flew1975/><ref name="anderson">{{cite conference |author=Robert Ian Anderson |url=https://www.academia.edu/34279472 |title=Is Flew's No True Scotsman Fallacy a True Fallacy? A Contextual Analysis |editor1=P. Brézillon |editor2=R. Turner |editor3=C. Penco |conference=Modeling and Using Context. CONTEXT 2017 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=10257 |pages=243–253 |date=2017 |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-57837-8_19}}</ref> 
* not publicly retreating from the initial, falsified [[A priori and a posteriori|''a posteriori'']] assertion
* offering a modified assertion that definitionally excludes a targeted unwanted counterexample
* using rhetoric to signal the modification

An appeal to purity is commonly associated with protecting a preferred group. Scottish national pride may be at stake if someone regularly considered to be Scottish commits a heinous crime. To protect people of Scottish heritage from a possible accusation of [[association fallacy|guilt by association]], one may use this fallacy to deny that the group is associated with this undesirable member or action. "No {{em|true}} Scotsman would do something so undesirable"; i.e., the people who would do such a thing are [[Tautology (logic)|tautologically]] (definitionally) excluded from being part of our group such that they cannot serve as a counterexample to the group's good nature.<ref name=Flew1975>{{cite book|author=Antony Flew|title=Thinking About Thinking (or, Do I Sincerely Want to be Right?)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=15KwAAAAIAAJ&q=%22No%20true%20Scotsman%22|year=1975|publisher=Fontana/Collins|page=47|isbn=9780006335801}}</ref>