Editing Night monkey (section)

==Taxonomy==
Until 1983, all night monkeys were placed into only one (''A. lemurimus'') or two species (''A. lemurinus'' and ''A. azarae''). Chromosome variability showed that there was more than one species in the genus and Hershkovitz (1983) used morphological and karyological evidence to propose nine species, one of which is now recognised as a [[junior synonym]].<ref name= Defler2007/> He split ''Aotus'' into two groups: a northern, gray-necked group (''[[Gray-bellied night monkey|A. lemurinus]]'', ''[[Gray-bellied night monkey|A. hershkovitzi]]'', ''[[Three-striped night monkey|A. trivirgatus]]'' and ''[[Spix's night monkey|A. vociferans]]'') and a southern, red-necked group (''[[Peruvian night monkey|A. miconax]]'', ''[[Nancy Ma's night monkey|A. nancymaae]]'', ''[[Black-headed night monkey|A. nigriceps]]'' and ''[[Azara's night monkey|A. azarae]]'').<ref name=msw3/> Arguably, the taxa otherwise considered subspecies of ''A. lemurinus'' – ''[[Aotus brumbacki|brumbacki]]'', ''[[Aotus griseimembra|griseimembra]]'' and ''[[Aotus zonalis|zonalis]]'' – should be considered separate species,<ref name= Defler2001>{{cite journal | author = Defler, T.R. | author2 = Bueno, M. L. | author3 = Hernández-Camacho, J. I. | name-list-style = amp | year = 2001 | title = The taxonomic status of ''Aotus hershkovitzi'': Its relationship to ''Aotus lemurinus lemurinus'' | journal = Neotropical Primates | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 37–52| doi = 10.62015/np.2001.v9.480 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name= Defler2007/> whereas ''[[Aotus hershkovitzi|A. hershkovitzi]]'' arguably is a [[junior synonym]] of ''A. lemurinus''.<ref name= Defler2001/> A new species from the gray-necked group was recently described as ''[[Aotus jorgehernandezi|A. jorgehernandezi]]''.<ref name="Defler2007">{{cite journal | last1 = Defler | first1 = T. R. | last2 = Bueno | first2 = M. L. | year = 2007 | title = ''Aotus'' diversity and the species problem | journal = Primate Conservation | volume = 2007 | issue = 22 | pages = 55–70 | url = http://www.primate-sg.org/storage/PDF/PC22.jorgehernandezi.V2.pdf | doi=10.1896/052.022.0104| s2cid = 56262730 | doi-access = free }}</ref> As is the case with some other splits in this genus,<ref>{{cite journal | author = Torres, O. M. | author2 = Enciso, S. | author3 = Ruiz, F. | author4 = Silva, E. | author5 = Yunis, I. |name-list-style = amp | year = 1998 | title = Chromosome diversity of the genus ''Aotus'' from Colombia | journal = American Journal of Primatology |volume = 44 | issue = 4 | pages = 255–275 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1998)44:4<255::AID-AJP2>3.0.CO;2-V | pmid = 9559066| s2cid = 25955413 }}</ref> an essential part of the argument for recognizing this new species was differences in the [[chromosomes]].<ref name= Defler2007/> Chromosome evidence has also been used as an argument for merging "species", as was the case for considering ''infulatus'' a subspecies of ''A. azarae'' rather than a separate species.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pieczarka, J. C. | author2 = de Souza Barros, R. M. | author3 = de Faria Jr, F. M. | author4 = Nagamachi, C. Y. | year = 1993 | title = ''Aotus'' from the southwestern Amazon region is geographically and chromosomally intermediate between ''A. azarae boliviensis'' and ''A. infulatus'' | journal = Primates | volume = 34 | pages = 197–204 | doi = 10.1007/BF02381390 | issue = 2| s2cid = 38394366 }}</ref> One [[extinct]] species, [[Aotus dindensis|''A. dindensis'']], is known from the [[fossil]] record.<ref name=Silvestro>{{cite journal |last1=Silvestro |first1=Daniele |last2=Tejedor |first2=Marcelo F. |last3=Serrano Serrano |first3=Martha L. |last4=Loiseau |first4=Oriane |last5=Rossier |first5=Victor |last6=Rolland |first6=Jonathan |last7=Zizka |first7=Alexander |last8=Antonelli |first8=Alexandre |last9=Salamin |first9=Nicolas |year=2017 |title=Evolutionary history of New World monkeys revealed by molecular and fossil data |url=https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2017/08/18/178111.full.pdf |journal=[[BioRxiv]] |volume=_ |pages=1–32 |accessdate=2019-02-20}}</ref>

===Classification===
[[File:Stavenn Aotus trivirgatus 00.jpg|thumb|Three-striped night monkey]]
{{see also|List of platyrrhines}}
'''Family Aotidae'''
* Genus ''Aotus''
** ''Aotus lemurinus'' (gray-necked) group:
*** [[Gray-bellied night monkey]], ''Aotus lemurinus''
*** [[Panamanian night monkey]], ''Aotus zonalis''
*** [[Gray-handed night monkey]], ''Aotus griseimembra''
*** [[Hernández-Camacho's night monkey]], ''Aotus jorgehernandezi''
*** [[Brumback's night monkey]], ''Aotus brumbacki''
*** [[Three-striped night monkey]], ''Aotus trivirgatus''
*** [[Spix's night monkey]], ''Aotus vociferans''
** ''Aotus azarae'' (red-necked) group:
*** [[Azara's night monkey]], ''Aotus azarae''
*** [[Peruvian night monkey]], ''Aotus miconax''
*** [[Nancy Ma's night monkey]], ''Aotus nancymaae''
*** [[Black-headed night monkey]], ''Aotus nigriceps''
** Group ''[[Incertae sedis]]''
*** {{extinct}}''[[Aotus dindensis]]''