Editing Nice (section)

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Nice}}

===Foundation===
{{Main|Magna Graecia|Liguria|Phocaea}}
[[File:Regio IX Liguria.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in the ''[[Regio IX Liguria]]'' in [[Roman Italy]]]]
The first known hominid settlements in the Nice area date back about 400,000 years (''[[homo erectus]]'');<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.musee-terra-amata.org/francais/prehistoire/origine4.htm| language=fr| title=Le Nouveau venu| publisher=Musée de Paléontologie Humaine de Terra Amata| access-date=5 March 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311090250/http://www.musee-terra-amata.org/francais/prehistoire/origine4.htm| archive-date=11 March 2009| url-status=dead| df=dmy-all}}</ref> the ''[[Terra Amata (archaeological site)|Terra Amata]]'' archeological site shows one of the earliest uses of fire, construction of houses, as well as flint findings dated to around 230,000 years ago.<ref>{{cite journal| title=Thermoluminescence dating of burnt flint: application to a Lower Paleolithic site, Terra Amata| author1=A. G. Wintle| author2=M. J: Aitken| journal=[[Archaeometry]]| volume=19| issue=2| date=July 1997| pages=111–130| doi=10.1111/j.1475-4754.1977.tb00189.x| url=http://www.bcin.ca/Interface/openbcin.cgi?submit=submit&Chinkey=51437| access-date=5 March 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629205458/http://www.bcin.ca/Interface/openbcin.cgi?submit=submit&Chinkey=51437| archive-date=29 June 2017| url-status=dead}}</ref> Nice was probably founded around 350 BC by colonists from the Greek city of [[Phocaea]] in western [[Anatolia]]. It was given the name of ''Níkaia'' ({{lang|grc|Νίκαια}}) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring [[Ligurians]] (people from the northwest of [[Italy]], probably the Vediantii kingdom); [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]] ({{lang|grc|Νίκη}}) was the [[Greek mythology|Greek goddess]] of victory. The city soon became one of the busiest trading ports on the Ligurian coast; but it had an important rival in the Roman town of [[Cemenelum]], which continued to exist as a separate city until the time of the [[Lombards|Lombard]] invasions.<ref name=EB1911/> The ruins of Cemenelum are in [[Cimiez]], now a district of Nice.

===Early development===
{{See also|Roman Catholic Diocese of Nice|County of Nice}}
[[File:Nice tour Saint-Francois.jpg|thumb|upright|The Tower of St. François]]
In the 7th century, Nice joined the [[Genoa|Genoese]] League formed by the towns of [[Liguria]]. In 729 the city repulsed the [[Saracens]]; but in 859 and again in 880 the Saracens pillaged and burned it, and for most of the 10th century remained masters of the surrounding country.<ref name=EB1911/>

During the [[Middle Ages]], Nice participated in the wars and [[history of Italy]]. As an ally of [[Pisa]] it was the enemy of [[Genoa]], and both the [[King of France]] and the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] endeavoured to subjugate it; despite this, it maintained its municipal liberties. During the 13th and 14th centuries the city fell more than once into the hands of the [[Counts of Provence]],<ref name=EB1911/> but it regained its independence even though related to Genoa.

[[File:Italy 1494.svg|thumb|upright|Duchy of Savoy (red) and other independent Italian states in 1494]]

The medieval city walls surrounded the Old Town. The landward side was protected by the River [[Paillon]], which was later covered over and is now the tram route towards the Acropolis. The east side of the town was protected by fortifications on [[Castle of Nice#Castle Hill|Castle Hill]]. Another river flowed into the port on the east side of Castle Hill. Engravings suggest that the port area was also defended by walls. Under [[Monoprix]] in Place de Garibaldi are excavated remains of a well-defended city gate on the main road from [[Turin]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

===Duchy of Savoy===
{{See also|Duchy of Savoy}}
[[File:Cosmographie universelle 50551.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in 1575]]
[[File:Plan-Nice-1624.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in 1624]]

In 1388, the commune placed itself under the protection of the [[County of Savoy|Counts of Savoy]].<ref name=EB1911/> Nice participated – directly or indirectly – in the history of [[Savoy]] until 1860.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}

The maritime strength of Nice now rapidly increased until it was able to cope with the [[Barbary pirates]]; the fortifications were largely extended and the roads to the city improved.<ref name=EB1911/> In 1561 [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]] abolished the use of Latin as an administrative language and established the [[Italian language]] as the official language of government affairs in Nice.

During the struggle between [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] and [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] great damage was caused by the passage of the armies invading [[Provence]]; [[infectious disease|pestilence]] and famine raged in the city for several years.<ref name=EB1911/> In 1538, in the nearby town of [[Villeneuve-Loubet]], through the mediation of [[Pope Paul III]], the two monarchs concluded a [[Truce of Nice|ten years' truce]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://villeneuveloubethotelreservation.com/articles/the-chateau-of-villeneuve-loubet| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426212438/http://villeneuveloubethotelreservation.com/articles/the-chateau-of-villeneuve-loubet| url-status=dead| archive-date=26 April 2014| title=The Chsteau of Villeneuve-Loubet| publisher=Villeneuve-Loubet Guide and Hotels| access-date=30 September 2009}}</ref>

In 1543, Nice was attacked by the united [[Franco-Ottoman alliance|Franco-Ottoman forces]] of Francis I and [[Hayreddin Barbarossa|Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha]], in the [[Siege of Nice]]; though the inhabitants repulsed the assault which followed the terrible bombardment, they were ultimately compelled to surrender, and Barbarossa was allowed to pillage the city and to carry off 2,500 captives. Pestilence appeared again in 1550 and 1580.<ref name=EB1911/>

In 1600, Nice was briefly taken by the [[House of Guise|Duke of Guise]]. By opening the ports of the county to all nations, and proclaiming full freedom of trade (1626), the commerce of the city was given great stimulus, the noble families taking part in its mercantile enterprises.<ref name=EB1911/>

Captured by [[Nicolas Catinat]] in 1691, Nice was restored to [[Savoy]] in 1696; but [[Siege of Nice (1705)|it was again besieged by the French in 1705]], and in the following year its [[citadel]] and [[Defensive wall|rampart]]s were demolished.<ref name=EB1911/>

===Kingdom of Sardinia===
The [[Treaty of Utrecht (1713)]] once more gave the city back to the Duke of Savoy, who was on that same occasion recognised as King of Sicily. In the peaceful years which followed, the "new town" was built. From 1744 until the [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)]] the French and Spaniards were again in possession.

In 1775 the king, who in 1718 had swapped his sovereignty of Sicily for the Kingdom of Sardinia, destroyed all that remained of the ancient liberties of the [[Commune in France|commune]]. Conquered in 1792 by the armies of the [[First French Republic]], the County of Nice continued to be part of France until 1814; but after that date it reverted to the [[Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia]].<ref name=EB1911/>

===French annexation===
[[File:County of nice.svg|thumb|upright|A map of the [[County of Nice]] showing the area of the [[Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)|Italian kingdom of Sardinia]] annexed in 1860 to France (light brown). The area in red had already become part of France before 1860.]]
[[File:Les manifestations pro-italiennes à Nice du 1871.jpg|thumb|upright|Pro-Italian protests in Nice, 1871, during the [[Niçard Vespers]], a popular uprising in support of the union of the [[County of Nice]] with the [[Kingdom of Italy]]]]

After the [[Treaty of Turin (1860)|Treaty of Turin]] was signed in 1860 between the [[Victor Emmanuel II of Italy|Sardinian king]] and [[Napoleon III]] as a consequence of the [[Plombières Agreement]], the county was again and definitively ceded to France as a territorial reward for French assistance in the [[Second Italian War of Independence]] against [[Austrian Empire|Austria]], which saw [[Lombardy]] united with [[Piedmont-Sardinia]].  King Victor-Emmanuel II, on 1 April 1860, solemnly asked the population to accept the change of sovereignty, in the name of Italian unity, and the cession was ratified by a regional [[referendum]]. Italophile manifestations and the acclamation of an "Italian Nice" by the crowd are reported on this occasion.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ruggiero |first=Alain |title=Nouvelle Histoire de Nice |year=2006 |language=fr}}</ref> A plebiscite was voted on 15 and 16 April 1860. The opponents of annexation called for abstention, hence the very high abstention rate. The "yes" vote won 83% of registered voters throughout the county of Nice and 86% in Nice, partly thanks to pressure from the authorities.<ref name=":0" /> This is the result of a masterful operation of information control by the French and Piedmontese governments, in order to influence the outcome of the vote in relation to the decisions already taken.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kendall Adams |first=Charles |date=1873 |title=Universal Suffrage under Napoleon III |journal=The North American Review |volume=0117 |pages=360–370}}</ref> The irregularities in the plebiscite voting operations were evident. The case of Levens is emblematic: the same official sources recorded, faced with only 407 voters, 481 votes cast, naturally almost all in favor of joining France.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Dotto De' Dauli |first=Carlo |title=Nizza, o Il confine d'Italia ad Occidente |year=1873 |language=it}}</ref>

The Italian language, which was the official language of the County, used by the Church, at the town hall, taught in schools, used in theaters and at the Opera, was immediately abolished and replaced by French.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Large |first=Didier |date=1996 |title=La situation linguistique dans le comté de Nice avant le rattachement à la France |journal=Recherches régionales Côte d'Azur et contrées limitrophes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Paul Gubbins and Mike Holt |title=Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe |year=2002 |pages=91–100 |language=En}}</ref> Discontent over annexation to France led to the emigration of a large part of the Italophile population, also accelerated by Italian unification after 1861. A quarter of the population of Nice, around 11,000 people from Nice, decided to voluntarily exile to Italy.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Peirone |first=Fulvio |title=Per Torino da Nizza e Savoia. Le opzioni del 1860 per la cittadinanza torinese, da un fondo dell'archivio storico della città di Torino |year=2011 |location=Turin |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=28 August 2017 |title="Un nizzardo su quattro prese la via dell'esilio" in seguito all'unità d'Italia, dice lo scrittore Casalino Pierluigi |url=https://www.montecarlonews.it/2017/08/28/notizie/argomenti/altre-notizie-1/articolo/un-nizzardo-su-quattro-prese-la-via-dellesilio-in-seguito-allunita-ditalia-dice-lo-scrittore.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200219165302/http://www.montecarlonews.it/2017/08/28/notizie/argomenti/altre-notizie-1/articolo/un-nizzardo-su-quattro-prese-la-via-dellesilio-in-seguito-allunita-ditalia-dice-lo-scrittore.html |archive-date=19 February 2020 |access-date=14 May 2021 |language=it}}</ref> The emigration of a quarter of the [[Niçard Italians]] to Italy took the name of [[Niçard exodus]]. Many Italians from Nizza then moved to the Ligurian towns of [[Ventimiglia]], [[Bordighera]] and [[Ospedaletti]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nizza e il suo futuro |url=http://www.liberanissa.eu/archives/nizza_e_il_suo_futuro/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203025523/http://www.liberanissa.eu/archives/nizza_e_il_suo_futuro/index.html |archive-date=3 February 2019 |access-date=26 December 2018 |publisher=Liberà Nissa |language=it}}</ref> giving rise to a local branch of the movement of the [[Italia irredenta|Italian irredentists]] which considered the re-acquisition of Nice to be one of their nationalist goals. [[Giuseppe Garibaldi]], born in Nice, strongly opposed the cession to France, arguing that the ballot was rigged by the French. Furthermore, for the niçard general his hometown was unquestionably Italian. Politically, the liberals of Nice and the partisans of Garibaldi also appreciated very little Napoleonic authoritarianism. Elements on the right (aristocrats) as on the left (Garibaldians) therefore wanted Nice to return to Italy. Savoy was also transferred to the French crown by similar means.

In 1871, during the first free elections in the County, the pro-Italian lists obtained almost all the votes in the legislative elections (26,534 votes out of 29,428 votes cast), and Garibaldi was elected deputy at the [[National Assembly (France)|National Assembly]]. Pro-Italians took to the streets cheering ''"Viva Nizza! Viva Garibaldi!".'' The French government sent 10,000 soldiers to Nice, closed the Italian newspaper ''Il Diritto di Nizza'' and imprisoned several demonstrators. The population of Nice rose up from 8 to 10 February and the three days of demonstration took the name of "[[Niçard Vespers]]". The revolt was suppressed by French troops. On 13 February, Garibaldi was not allowed to speak at the French parliament meeting in Bordeaux to ask for the reunification of Nice to the [[Kingdom of Italy|newborn Italian unitary state]], and he resigned from his post as deputy.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Courrière |first=Henri |date=2007 |title=Les troubles de février 1871 à Nice |journal=Cahiers de la Méditerranée|issue=74 |pages=179–208 |doi=10.4000/cdlm.2693 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/cdlm/2693 }}</ref> The failure of Vespers led to the expulsion of the last pro-Italian intellectuals from Nice, such as Luciano Mereu or Giuseppe Bres, who were expelled or deported.

The pro-Italian irredentist movement persisted throughout the period 1860–1914, despite the repression carried out since the annexation. The French government implemented a policy of [[Francization]] of society, language and culture.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Paul Gubbins and Mine Holt |title=Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe |year=2002 |pages=91–100}}</ref> The toponyms of the communes of the ancient County were francized, with the obligation to use French in Nice,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aiig.altervista.org/Nizzardo/IL%20NIZZARDO%20NEI%20SUOI%20ASPETTI%20GEOGRAFICI.pdf|title=Il Nizzardo|access-date=17 May 2021|language=it}}</ref> as well as certain surnames (for example the Italian surname "Bianchi" was francized into "Leblanc", and the Italian surname "Del Ponte" was francized into "Dupont").<ref name="limesonline">{{cite web|url=https://www.limesonline.com/unitalia-sconfinata/2845|title=Un'Italia sconfinata|date=20 February 2009 |access-date=17 May 2021|language=it}}</ref>

Italian-language newspapers in Nice were banned. In 1861, ''La Voce di Nizza'' was closed (temporarily reopened during the Niçard Vespers), followed by ''Il Diritto di Nizza'', closed in 1871.<ref name=":1" /> In 1895 it was the turn of ''Il Pensiero di Nizza'', accused of irredentism. Many journalists and writers from Nice wrote in these newspapers in Italian. Among these are Enrico Sappia, Giuseppe André, Giuseppe Bres, Eugenio Cais di Pierlas and others.

During the [[repression of January and February 1894]], the police conducted raids targeting the Italian [[Anarchism|anarchists]] living there, without much success.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Les anarchistes |trans-title=The anarchists |work=La Dépêche |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |date=2 January 1894 |title=Deux mille perquisitions |journal=L'Estafette |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Une série générale de perquisitions : résultat négatif des recherches |trans-title=A general series of raids: negative results |work=L'Éclair}}</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Nice from Baedeker.jpg|thumb|upright|Nice in 1914]]

In 1900, the [[Trams in Nice|Tramway de Nice]] electrified its horse-drawn streetcars and spread its network to the entire ''département'' from [[Menton]] to [[Cagnes-sur-Mer]]. By the 1930s more bus connections were added in the area.{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} In the 1930s, Nice hosted international car racing in the [[Formula Libre]] (predecessor to [[Formula One]]) on the so-called Circuit Nice. The circuit started along the waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert I, then headed westward along the [[Promenade des Anglais]] followed by a hairpin turn at the [[Hotel Negresco]] to come back eastward and around the Jardin Albert I before heading again east along the beach on the Quai des Etats-Unis.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bestofniceblog.com/history-nice-france/nice-grand-prix/|title=Nice Grand Prix|newspaper=Best of Nice |access-date=25 September 2019|archive-date=25 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925172454/http://www.bestofniceblog.com/history-nice-france/nice-grand-prix/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As war broke out in September 1939, Nice became a city of refuge for many displaced foreigners, notably Jews fleeing the Nazi progression into Eastern Europe. From Nice many sought further shelter in the [[French colonial empire|French colonies]], Morocco and North and South America. After July 1940 and the establishment of the [[Vichy France|Vichy Regime]], [[antisemitism|antisemitic]] aggressions accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through 1942. On 26 August 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by the Laval government and interned in the Auvare barracks. Of these, 560 were deported to [[Drancy internment camp]] on 31 August 1942. Due to the activity of the Jewish banker [[Angelo Donati]] and of the Capuchin friar [[Père Marie-Benoît]] the local authorities hindered the application of anti-Jewish Vichy laws.<ref>Léon Poliakov, ''La conditions des Juifs sous l'occupation italienne'', Paris, CDJC, 1946 and bibliographies of [[Angelo Donati]] and [[Père Marie-Benoît]]</ref>

The first [[French Resistance|''résistants'']] to the new regime were a group of high school seniors of the Lycée de Nice, now {{ill|Lycée Masséna|fr}}, in September 1940, later arrested and executed in 1944 near [[Verdon Gorge|Castellane]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} The first public demonstrations occurred on 14 July 1942 when several hundred protesters took to the streets along the Avenue de la Victoire and in the Place Masséna.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} In November 1942 German troops moved into most of unoccupied France, but Italian troops moved into a smaller zone including Nice.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} A certain ambivalence remained among the population, many of whom were recent immigrants of Italian ancestry. However, the resistance gained momentum after the Italian surrender in 1943 when the German army occupied the former Italian zone.{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} Reprisals intensified between December 1943 and July 1944, when many partisans were tortured and executed by the local [[Gestapo]].{{citation needed|date=October 2023}} American paratroopers entered the city on 30 August 1944 and Nice was finally liberated.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} The consequences of the war were heavy: the population decreased by 15% {{citation needed|date=November 2017}} and economic life was totally disrupted.

In the second half of the 20th century, Nice enjoyed an economic boom primarily driven by tourism and construction. Two men dominated this period: [[Jean Médecin]], [[Mayor (France)|mayor]] for 33 years from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965, and his son [[Jacques Médecin|Jacques]], mayor for 24 years from 1966 to 1990. Under their leadership, there was extensive urban renewal, including many new constructions. These included the convention centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways. The arrival of the [[Pied-Noir|Pieds-Noirs]], refugees from Algeria after 1962 independence, also gave the city a boost and somewhat changed the make-up of its population and traditional views.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}} By the late 1980s, rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced; and eventually formal accusations against Jacques Médecin forced him to flee France in 1990. Later arrested in [[Uruguay]] in 1993, he was extradited back to France in 1994, convicted of several counts of corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment.

On 16 October 1979, a [[landslide]] and an undersea slide caused two [[tsunami]]s that hit the western coast of Nice; these [[1979 Nice events|events]] killed between 8 and 23 people.

===21st century===
In February 2001, European leaders met in Nice to negotiate and sign what is now the [[Treaty of Nice]], amending the institutions of the European Union.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/irish-referendum-on-nice-treaty-doomed-to-fail-again-189539.html|title=Irish referendum on Nice Treaty 'doomed to fail again'|work=[[The Independent]]|date=23 May 2002|first=Shawn|last=Pogatchnik|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-date=12 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512163639/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/irish-referendum-on-nice-treaty-doomed-to-fail-again-189539.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2003, local Chief [[Prosecutor]] [[Éric de Montgolfier]] alleged that some judicial cases involving local personalities had been suspiciously derailed by the local judiciary, which he suspected of having unhealthy contacts through [[Freemasonry|Masonic]] lodges with the defendants. A controversial official report stated later that Montgolfier had made unwarranted accusations.{{Citation needed|date=November 2017}}

On 14 July 2016, a truck was [[2016 Nice truck attack|deliberately driven into a crowd of people]] by [[Mohamed Lahouaiej-Bouhlel]] on the [[Promenade des Anglais]]. The crowd was watching a fireworks display in celebration of [[Bastille Day]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/europe/nice-france-truck/index.html|title=Nice mayor: 'Tens of dead' when truck runs into crowd|last=Almasy|first=Steve|date=14 July 2016 |publisher=CNN|access-date=14 July 2016|archive-date=15 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160715003411/http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/14/europe/nice-france-truck/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 87 people were killed, including the perpetrator, who was shot dead by police.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.startribune.com/nice-truck-attack-claims-86th-victim/390715371|title=Nice truck attack claims 86th victim|date=19 August 2016|newspaper=[[Star Tribune]]|access-date=17 November 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821175505/http://www.startribune.com/nice-truck-attack-claims-86th-victim/390715371/|archive-date=21 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36800730|title=Nice attack: At least 84 killed during Bastille Day celebrations|work=BBC News |date=15 July 2016 |access-date=15 July 2016|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418000800/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36800730|url-status=live}}</ref> Another 434 were injured, with 52 in critical care and 25 in intensive care, according to the Paris prosecutor.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Duffield|first=Charlie|date=14 July 2020|title=Nice attack: What happened in the 2016 Bastille Day killings|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/nice-attack-2016-bastille-day-about-a4497486.html|access-date=25 February 2021|website=www.standard.co.uk|language=en|archive-date=27 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727113049/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/nice-attack-2016-bastille-day-about-a4497486.html|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29 October 2020, [[2020 Nice stabbing|a stabbing attack]] killed three people at the local [[Notre-Dame de Nice]]. One of the victims, a woman, was beheaded by the attacker.<ref name=reuters>{{cite news |title=Three dead as woman beheaded in knife attack at French church |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-security-nice/two-dead-in-knife-attack-in-french-church-official-say-terrorism-suspected-idUSKBN27E17D |work=Reuters |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |last=Gaillard |first=Eric |archive-date=30 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030020807/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-security-nice/two-dead-in-knife-attack-in-french-church-official-say-terrorism-suspected-idUSKBN27E17D |url-status=live }}</ref> Several additional victims were injured. The attacker, who was shot by the police, was taken into custody. The [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic state]] claimed responsibility for both attacks.<ref name=ind>{{cite news |title=Nice stabbings: Woman decapitated and others killed in France knife attack |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/nice-stabbings-attack-france-today-deaths-injured-latest-b1417706.html |work=The Independent |date=29 October 2020 |access-date=29 October 2020 |last=Tidman |first=Zoe |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029150916/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/nice-stabbings-attack-france-today-deaths-injured-latest-b1417706.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2021, the city was proclaimed a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]] as "Nice, Winter Resort Town of the Riviera".<ref name="heritage2021"/>

On 18 July 2024, seven people from the same family, including three young children, three adults and a teenager were killed in [[2024 Nice arson attack|an arson attack]]. The fire also critically injured one other person and caused thirty other people to suffer from [[smoke inhalation]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 July 2024 |title=Suspected arson in crowded apartment kills seven in French city of Nice |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/suspected-arson-crowded-apartment-kills-seven-french-city-nice-2024-07-18/ |access-date=18 July 2024 |website=Reuters |language=en}}</ref>