Editing Newington, London (section)

==History==

===Toponymy===
The name means "new farmstead" to refer to a newer part of the manor of Walworth. It lay on the old Roman road from London to [[West Sussex]], specifically directly to [[Chichester]] (also linking to London/Westminster much of [[Surrey]] including [[Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]] and [[Guildford]]) (this was [[Stane Street (Chichester)|one of the Stane Street]]s). The proximity to London meant stalls, stables and stores were by the late medieval period numerous. The first mention of Newington (or Neweton) occurs in the [[Testa de Nevill]] (a survey of feudal tenure officially known as the Book of Fees compiled 1198–1242) during the reign of [[Henry III of England|Henry III]], wherein it is stated that ''the queen's goldsmith holds of the king one acre of land in Neweton, by the service of rendering a gallon of honey''.<ref name="Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay & Keay 2008 587">{{cite book|author=Weinreb|author2=Hibbert|author3=Keay|author4=Keay|name-list-style=amp|title=The London Encyclopaedia|publisher=Macmillan|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4050-4924-5|page=587}}</ref> In 1313 it is mentioned again in the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]'s Register as ''Newington juxta London''.<ref name="Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay & Keay 2008 587"/> The name survives now in the street names [[Newington Causeway]] and [[Newington Butts]] and in the open space [[Newington Gardens]], on the site of [[Horsemonger Lane Gaol]] (1791–1878).

Newington as a [[wards of the United Kingdom|ward]] currently is a name for one of the equal-electorate drawn divisions of councillors of the [[London Borough of Southwark]], covering from Walworth Road up to the borough's western limit with [[South Lambeth]], [[London Borough of Lambeth|Lambeth]].

===Urban development===
[[File:Trinity Street Regency terraces.jpg|thumb|[[Regency architecture|Regency]] terraces of Trinity Street]]
The area remained as a farming village with a low level of population until the second half of the 18th century. There was a little industry, for example, the manufacture of [[Smoking pipe (tobacco)|clay pipes]] for [[tobacco]] smoking. In [[William Shakespeare]]'s time, there was a theatre called [[Newington Butts]] and later there were further theatres.  Newington gained in importance with the creation of the [[Westminster Bridge]] in 1750 and the associated improvements of [[London Bridge]] which required a series of new roads across [[St George's Fields]] to interconnect the routes from them and allow traffic from the Georgian [[West End of London|West End]] to travel south and to [[Southwark]] without transitting through the City. These routes were [[Westminster Bridge Road]] and [[Borough Road]] for the West End and Southwark; for the route to the south [[London Road, Southwark|London Road]] and [[St George's Road]] supplemented and by-passed the [[Borough High Street]] and [[Newington Causeway]]. All of these roads converged at a junction where there was a blacksmith's forge and inn called [[Elephant and Castle]] which then became a name to signify the area. Traffic heading to the south-east from the West End was connected to the older route from the City of London and Southwark to Kent as [[New Kent Road]] from Newington to a junction with the older route at the [[Bricklayers Arms]].  New roads brought development opportunities. The local landowner, [[Henry Penton (the younger)|Henry Penton]] ([[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Winchester (UK Parliament constituency)|Winchester]]), started to sell some of his farmland. The 19th century brought more dense speculative house building, and some philanthropic provision too. The [[Trinity House]] Newington Estate, laid out on property the institution was left in the seventeenth century, became a high class residential district which is still largely in existence. It was built around an 1820s classical church by [[Francis Octavius Bedford]].

Further urban stimulus was given by the arrival of mainline railway routes from the City to the south, the [[London, Chatham and Dover Railway]] built a station at [[Elephant and Castle]] in 1863. In 1890 the [[City and South London Railway]] (now the [[Northern line]] City Branch of [[London Underground]]) was projected through the area with stations at what was termed 'Kennington' (but in fact within Newington) and also at Elephant. In 1906 the new [[Bakerloo]] line terminated at the Elephant also.

===Local governance===
The parish of '''Newington St Mary''' was part of the [[Brixton (hundred)|Brixton]] Hundred of [[Surrey]] and this contained all of the manor of [[Walworth]]. Before the creation of elected [[County Council]]s, in 1889, the county [[Magistrate]]s were responsible for ensuring compliance with local bye-laws and [[Local ordinance|ordinance]]s, so that with the creation of the new Surrey County Sessions House at Newington Causeway in 1792 Newington was the [[County Town]], until [[Kingston on Thames]] was designated as such in 1893. In 1855 it came within the area of responsibility of the [[Metropolitan Board of Works]] and the parish vestry was incorporated as a local authority. In 1889 it became part of the [[County of London]]. There was a reorganisation of local government in 1900 and the parish became part of the [[Metropolitan Borough of Southwark]] and the vestry was abolished. The [[civil parish]] was finally abolished in 1930. The parish was of {{convert|633|acre|km2}} and the population peaked in 1901 at 121,863.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp?u_id=10191002&c_id=10001043|title=Newington CP/AP/Vest through time – Census tables with data for the Parish-level Unit|website=www.visionofbritain.org.uk|access-date=16 April 2018}}</ref>

Newington is a ward within the [[London Borough of Southwark]] and the [[UK Parliament|Parliamentary]] seat of [[Bermondsey and Old Southwark (UK Parliament constituency)|Bermondsey and Old Southwark]].  It is represented by Councillors Eleanor Kerslake and [[Alice Macdonald]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] and James Coldwell, Independent.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Councillors and MPs|url=https://www.southwark.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/councillors-and-mps|access-date=2021-02-19|website=Southwark Council}}</ref>