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==History== ===Etymology=== The area around present-day New Brunswick was first inhabited by the [[Lenape]] [[Native Americans of the United States|Native Americans]], whose Minisink Trail intersected the [[Raritan River]] and followed a route that would be taken by later colonial roads.<ref>Brennan, Ray. [https://www.rutgersrarities.com/RRhistory.html "Rutgers Historical Background"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213144/https://www.rutgersrarities.com/RRhistory.html |date=December 13, 2019 }}, Rutgers Rarities. Accessed December 12, 2019. "According to Virtual Field Trip, New Brunswick was '...the place where the very important Native American Minisink Trail crossed the Raritan River. This later, as was the case with many other Native American routeways, became one of the most important colonial roads – the main overland route between New York and Philadelphia'"</ref> The first European settlement at the site of New Brunswick was made in 1681. The settlement here was called ''Prigmore's Swamp'' (1681–1697), then known as ''Inian's Ferry'' (1691–1714).<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1854/07/27/archives/newjersey-miscellaneous-notes-about-newbrunswick.html "New-Jersey.; Miscellaneous Notes about New-Brunswick."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213156/https://www.nytimes.com/1854/07/27/archives/newjersey-miscellaneous-notes-about-newbrunswick.html |date=December 13, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 27, 1854. Accessed December 11, 2019. "If the 'desperately hot' weather permit, I purpose to give you a few items of general interest respecting this ancient Dutch settlement. However, with the mercury ranging from 78° to 98° in the shade, during the sixteen hours of sunshine, you will not expect much exertion on my part. Daniel Cooper (says Gordon,) was the first recorded inhabitant of 'Prigmore's Swamp.'"</ref> In 1714, the settlement was given the name New Brunswick, after the city of [[Braunschweig]] (''Brunswick'' in [[Low German]]), in the state of [[Lower Saxony]], now located in [[Germany]]. Braunschweig was an influential and powerful city in the [[Hanseatic League]] and was an administrative seat for the Duchy of Hanover. Shortly after the first settlement of New Brunswick in colonial New Jersey, George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Elector of Hanover, became [[George I of Great Britain|King George I of Great Britain]]. Alternatively, the city gets its name from King [[George II of Great Britain]], the [[Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg|Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]].<ref>Hutchinson, Viola L. [http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=23 ''The Origin of New Jersey Place Names''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115082401/http://mapmaker.rutgers.edu/356/nj_place_names_origin.pdf#page=23 |date=November 15, 2015 }}, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 9, 2015.</ref><ref>[[Henry Gannett|Gannett, Henry]]. [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n222 <!-- pg=223 --> ''The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States''], p. 223. [[United States Government Printing Office]], 1905. Accessed September 9, 2015.</ref> ===Colonial and Early American periods=== Centrally located between [[New York City]] and [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]] along an early thoroughfare known as the [[King's Highway (Charleston to Boston)|''King's Highway'']] and situated along the [[Raritan River]], New Brunswick became an important hub for Colonial travelers and traders. New Brunswick was incorporated as a town in 1736 and chartered as a city in 1784.<ref name=Story/> It was incorporated into a town in 1798 as part of the [[Township Act of 1798]]. It was occupied by the [[United Kingdom|British]] in the winter of 1776–1777 during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]].<ref>[http://www.revolutionarywarnewjersey.com/new_jersey_revolutionary_war_sites/towns/new_brunswick_nj_revolutionary_war_sites.htm Revolutionary War Sites in New Brunswick] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026040201/http://www.revolutionarywarnewjersey.com/new_jersey_revolutionary_war_sites/towns/new_brunswick_nj_revolutionary_war_sites.htm |date=October 26, 2012 }}, Revolutionary War New Jersey. Accessed August 18, 2013.</ref> The ''[[United States Declaration of Independence|Declaration of Independence]]'' received one of its first public readings, by [[John Neilson (colonel)|Colonel John Neilson]] in New Brunswick on July 9, 1776, in the days following its promulgation by the [[Continental Congress]].<ref>Heintze, James R. [https://web.archive.org/web/20040615044959/http://www1.american.edu/heintze/declar.htm Declaration of Independence: First Public Readings], [[American University]], backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of June 15, 2004. Accessed December 11, 2019. "July 9 or 10 – New Brunswick, N.J. Col. John Neilson; ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine'', July 1892, 251."</ref><ref>Lee, Eunice. [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/07/statue_of_new_brunswick_revolu.html "Statue of New Brunswick Revolutionary War figure planned"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407100129/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/07/statue_of_new_brunswick_revolu.html |date=April 7, 2014 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', July 31, 2011. Accessed August 18, 2013. "New Brunswick Public Sculpture, a nonprofit, is commissioning a life-size bronze statue of Col. John Neilson, a New Jersey native who gave one of the earliest readings of the Declaration of Independence on July 9, 1776, while standing before a crowd in New Brunswick."</ref><ref>[https://www.cityofnewbrunswick.org/Did%20you%20know%20-%20Answer2%20Declaratin%20-%20FINAL.pdf Did You Know Answer 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213141/https://www.cityofnewbrunswick.org/Did%2520you%2520know%2520-%2520Answer2%2520Declaratin%2520-%2520FINAL.pdf |date=December 13, 2019 }}, City of New Brunswick. Accessed December 11, 2019. "The 3rd public reading of the Declaration of Independence took place outside a tavern on Albany Street on July 9, 1776. The document was en route from Philadelphia to New York when Col. John A. Neilson stood outside a tavern, atop a table, and read it to the townspeople!"</ref> A bronze statue marking the event was dedicated on July 9, 2017, in Monument Square, in front of the Heldrich Hotel.<ref>Makin, Cheryl. [https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/how-we-live/2017/07/10/revolutionary-moment-comes-life-241-years-later/463116001/ "Revolutionary moment comes to life, 241 years later"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200930093746/https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/how-we-live/2017/07/10/revolutionary-moment-comes-life-241-years-later/463116001/ |date=September 30, 2020 }}, ''[[Courier News]]'', July 10, 2017. Accessed December 11, 2019. "Neilson was born March 11, 1745 in the city that now bears a street with his name, in addition to Neilson Hall on the Rutgers University campus and, as of Sunday, a sculpture depicting a defining moment in his life and the country's history. It also is the only statue depicting a reading of the Declaration of Independence in the U.S., Ritter said."</ref> The Trustees of Queen's College (now [[Rutgers University]]), founded in 1766, voted by a margin of ten to seven in 1771 to locate the young college in New Brunswick, selecting the city over [[Hackensack, New Jersey|Hackensack]], in [[Bergen County, New Jersey]].<ref>[https://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/scua/rutgers-historical-sketch-part-1 "A Historical Sketch of Rutgers University: Section 1"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213212/https://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/scua/rutgers-historical-sketch-part-1 |date=December 13, 2019 }}, [[Rutgers University Libraries]]. Accessed December 11, 2019. "With an adequate charter obtained and the governing board assembled, the trustees turned to select a site for Queen's College. The members were split on whether to locate the college in Hackensack or New Brunswick... The Reverend John H. Goetschius, an early advocate for the college, claimed that the academy he began in Hackensack served as an advantage for establishing the college in Bergen County. But the supporters of New Brunswick reminded their colleagues that the Reverend John Leydt of New Brunswick had joined with Hardenbergh and other members of that community to establish a Grammar school in 1768. Four years passed before the trustees met in May 1771 to present their subscriptions and choose the location for the college. A vote of ten to seven placed the college in New Brunswick."</ref> Classes began in 1771 with one instructor, one sophomore, [[Matthew Leydt]], and several freshmen at a tavern called the 'Sign of the Red Lion' on the corner of Albany and Neilson Streets (now the grounds of the [[Johnson & Johnson]] corporate headquarters); Leydt would become the university's first graduate in 1774 when he was the only member of the graduating class.<ref>[https://newbrunswick.rutgers.edu/about/our-history Our History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213145/https://newbrunswick.rutgers.edu/about/our-history |date=December 13, 2019 }}, [[Rutgers University]]. Accessed December 11, 2019. "1771 – The first class is held A handful of students attend class at a converted tavern, the Sign of the Red Lion, at the corner of Albany and Neilson streets in New Brunswick. Today, original stones from the building are incorporated into a bench near the center of Voorhees Mall on the College Avenue Campus, a 40th reunion gift from the Class of 1939. 1774 – The first commencement Matthew Leydt is the only graduate in the first commencement class."</ref> The Sign of the Red Lion was purchased on behalf of Queens College in 1771, and later sold to the estate of [[Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh]] in 1791.<ref>Benedict, William H. [https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofnew03newj_0/page/n6 "Early Taverns in New Brunswick"], in ''Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society'', p. 136. [[New Jersey Historical Society]], 1918, Volume 3, Issue 3. Accessed December 11, 2019.</ref> Classes were held through the American Revolution in various taverns and boarding houses, and at a building known as ''College Hall'' on George Street, until [[Old Queens]] was completed and opened in 1811.<ref>[https://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/scua/paths-to-historic-rutgers Paths to Historic Rutgers: A Self-Guided Tour] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830004026/https://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/scua/paths-to-historic-rutgers |date=August 30, 2017 }}, [[Rutgers University Libraries]]. Accessed December 11, 2019. "Old Queen's, the home of the administrative officers of Rutgers University, was originally known as the Queens College building. Designed in 1808–09 by the noted architect, John McComb, who also designed City Hall in New York, the building is one of the finest examples of Federal architecture in the United States. When first occupied in 1811, Old Queens housed the academic work of the College, the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, and the Rutgers Preparatory School, then known as the Grammar School."</ref><ref>Fuentes, Marisa; and White, Deborah.[https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1k3s9r0 ''Scarlet and Black: Slavery and Dispossession in Rutgers History''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213144/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1k3s9r0 |date=December 13, 2019 }}, [[Rutgers University Press]], 2016, New Brunswick, New Jersey. Accessed December 11, 2019.</ref> It remains the oldest building on the Rutgers University campus.<ref name=RT2009>[https://news.rutgers.edu/news-release/old-queens-reigns-rutgers-200-years/20090427 "Old Queens Reigns at Rutgers for 200 Years The university celebrates the state's oldest, intact higher education building"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213145/https://news.rutgers.edu/news-release/old-queens-reigns-rutgers-200-years/20090427 |date=December 13, 2019 }}, ''Rutgers Today'', April 27, 2009. Accessed December 12, 2019. "The cornerstone of Old Queens was laid April 27, 1809. The building originally housed the university's preparatory school, college and theological seminary as well as residential units for faculty. Old Queens is now occupied by Rutgers’ central administrative offices."</ref> The Queen's College Grammar School (now [[Rutgers Preparatory School]]) was established also in 1766, and shared facilities with the college until 1830, when it located in a building (now known as [[Alexander Johnston Hall]]) across College Avenue from Old Queens.<ref>[https://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/scua/paths-to-historic-rutgers#Johnston Paths to Historic Rutgers: A Self-Guided Tour – Alexander Johnston Hall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830004026/https://www.libraries.rutgers.edu/scua/paths-to-historic-rutgers#Johnston |date=August 30, 2017 }}, [[Rutgers University]]. Accessed August 29, 2017. "Alexander Johnston Hall was built by Nicholas Wyckoff in 1830 to provide a home for the Rutgers Preparatory School, which had shared space in Old Queens with the College and New Brunswick Theological Seminary since 1811."</ref> After Rutgers University became the state university of New Jersey in 1945,<ref>[http://www.rutgers.edu/about/history History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104235047/http://www.rutgers.edu/about/history |date=November 4, 2015 }}, [[Rutgers University]]. Accessed July 13, 2016. "In 1945 and 1956, state legislative acts designated Rutgers as The State University of New Jersey, a public institution."</ref> the Trustees of Rutgers divested itself of Rutgers Preparatory School, which relocated in 1957 to an estate purchased from [[Colgate-Palmolive]] in [[Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey|Franklin Township]] in neighboring [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset County]].<ref>[http://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/21014/ Rutgers College Grammar School] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509055245/https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/21014/ |date=May 9, 2015 }}, Rutgers University Common Repository. Accessed August 18, 2013. "The Rutgers Preparatory School remained in New Brunswick until 1957, when it moved to its current location in Somerset, N.J."</ref> The [[New Brunswick Theological Seminary]], founded in 1784 in [[New York (state)|New York]], moved to New Brunswick in 1810, sharing its quarters with the fledgling Queen's College. (Queen's closed from 1810 to 1825 due to financial problems, and reopened in 1825 as Rutgers College.)<ref name=NBTS>[http://www.nbts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016-17_NBTS_Catalog.pdf ''2016–17 Academic Catalog''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829204718/http://www.nbts.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/2016-17_NBTS_Catalog.pdf |date=August 29, 2017 }}, [[New Brunswick Theological Seminary]]. Accessed August 29, 2017. "In 1796, the school moved to Brooklyn and in 1810 to New Brunswick, to serve better the church and its candidates for ministry. Since 1856, New Brunswick Seminary has carried on its life and work on its present New Brunswick campus."</ref> The Seminary, due to overcrowding and differences over the mission of Rutgers College as a secular institution, moved to a tract of land covering {{convert|7|acre}} located less than {{convert|1/2|mi}} to the west, which it still occupies, although the land is now in the middle of Rutgers University's [[College Avenue Campus]].<ref>Heyboer, Kelly. [https://www.nj.com/news/2013/09/new_brunswick_theological_seminary_sells_part_of_historic_campus_to_rutgers_for_a_fresh_start.html "New Brunswick Theological Seminary sells part of historic campus to Rutgers for a fresh start"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213214/https://www.nj.com/news/2013/09/new_brunswick_theological_seminary_sells_part_of_historic_campus_to_rutgers_for_a_fresh_start.html |date=December 13, 2019 }}, NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], September 8, 2013, updated March 30, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019. "In a complex deal that will transform part of downtown New Brunswick, the nation's oldest Protestant seminary is selling most of its hilltop campus to neighboring Rutgers University. The seminary is using the cash to build a new state-of-the-art building at the base of the hill on the corner of College Avenue. New Brunswick Theological Seminary officials say the radical decision to sell and demolish 10 buildings on one of New Jersey's most historic campuses is an answer to their prayers."</ref> New Brunswick was formed by [[royal charter]] on December 30, 1730, within other townships in [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex]] and [[Somerset County, New Jersey|Somerset]] counties and was reformed by royal charter with the same boundaries on February 12, 1763, at which time it was divided into north and south wards. New Brunswick was incorporated as a city by an act of the [[New Jersey Legislature]] on September 1, 1784.<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. [https://nj.gov/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf ''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968''], Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 171. Accessed May 30, 2024.</ref> <gallery mode="packed"> Old Queens, New Brunswick, NJ - looking north, 2014.jpg|[[Old Queens]], the oldest building at Rutgers University New Brunswick 393262530.jpg|Building the Streetcar line, {{circa|1885}} Raritan River, New Brunswick, New Jersey (1903).jpeg|[[Albany Street Bridge]], 1903 Aero view of New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1910 (cropped).png|Aerial view of New Brunswick, 1910 </gallery> ===African-American community=== ==== Slavery in New Brunswick ==== The existence of an African-American community in New Brunswick dates back to the 18th century, when racial slavery was a part of life in the city and the surrounding area. Local slaveholders routinely bought and sold African American children, women, and men in New Brunswick in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century. In this period, the Market-House was the center of commercial life in the city. It was located at the corner of Hiram Street and Queen Street (now Neilson Street) adjacent to the Raritan Wharf. The site was a place where residents of New Brunswick sold and traded their goods which made it an integral part of the city's economy. The Market-House also served as a site for regular slave auctions and sales.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession>{{Cite book|jstor=j.ctt1k3s9r0.9|title=Scarlet and Black: Slavery and Dispossession in Rutgers History|last1=Armstead|first1=Shaun|last2=Sutter|first2=Brenann|last3=Walker|first3=Pamela|last4=Wiesner|first4=Caitlin|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2016|editor-last=Fuentes|editor-first=Marisa|location=New Brunswick, NJ|chapter="And I Poor Slave Yet": The Precarity of Black Life in New Brunswick, 1766–1835|pages=91–122|isbn=9780813591520|editor-last2=White|editor-first2=Deborah Gray}}</ref>{{Rp|101}} By the late-eighteenth century, New Brunswick became a hub for newspaper production and distribution. ''The Fredonian'', a popular newspaper, was located less than a block away from the aforementioned Market-House and helped facilitate commercial transactions. A prominent part of the local newspapers were sections dedicated to private owners who would advertise their slaves for sale. The trend of advertising slave sales in newspapers shows that the New Brunswick residents typically preferred selling and buying slaves privately and individually rather than in large groups.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|103}} The majority of individual advertisements were for female slaves, and their average age at the time of the sale was 20 years old, which was considered the prime age for childbearing. Slave owners would get the most profit from the women who fit into this category because these women had the potential to reproduce another generation of enslaved workers. Additionally, in the urban environment of New Brunswick, there was a high demand for domestic labor, and female workers were preferred for cooking and housework tasks.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|107}} The [[New Jersey Legislature]] passed An Act for the [[History of slavery in New Jersey#Abolition of slavery|Gradual Abolition of Slavery]] in 1804.<ref>[http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/slavery/acts/A78.html An act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430132826/http://njlegallib.rutgers.edu/slavery/acts/A78.html |date=April 30, 2018 }}, [[Rutgers University Libraries]]. Accessed December 12, 2019.</ref> Under the provisions of this law, children born to enslaved women after July 4, 1804, would serve their master for a term of 21 years (for girls) or a term of 25 years (for boys), and after this term, they would gain their freedom. However, all individuals who were enslaved before July 4, 1804, would continue to be slaves for life and would never attain freedom under this law. New Brunswick continued to be home to enslaved African Americans alongside a growing community of free people of color. The [[1810 United States census]] listed 53 free Blacks and 164 slaves in New Brunswick.<ref name=":0">[http://www.africanafrican.com/folder11/world%20history1/african%20and%20african%20american/african_american_guide.pdf ''New Jersey's African American Tour Guide''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328043449/http://www.africanafrican.com/folder11/world%20history1/african%20and%20african%20american/african_american_guide.pdf |date=March 28, 2020 }}, New Jersey Commerce and Economic Growth Commission. Accessed December 17, 2014. "At the southern edge of the Gateway Region is New Brunswick, a town with much culture to offer and African American history to explore. African Americans were living here as far back as 1790, and by 1810, the Census listed 53 free Blacks—and 164 slaves—out of the 469 families then living in town. One of the state's oldest Black churches, Mt. Zion A.M.E., at 25 Division Street, was founded in 1825."</ref> ==== African American spaces and institutions in the early 19th century ==== By the 1810s, some free African Americans lived in a section of the city called Halfpenny Town, which was located along the [[Raritan River]] by the east side of the city, near Queen (now Neilson) Street. Halfpenny Town was a place populated by free blacks as well as poorer whites who did not own slaves. This place was known as a social gathering for free blacks that was not completely influenced by white scrutiny and allowed free blacks to socialize among themselves. This does not mean that it was free from white eyes and was still under the negative effects of the slavery era.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|99}} In the early decades of the nineteenth century, White and either free or enslaved African Americans shared many of the same spaces in New Brunswick, particularly places of worship. The First Presbyterian Church, Christ Church, and First Reformed Church were popular among both Whites and Blacks, and New Brunswick was notable for its lack of spaces where African Americans could congregate exclusively. Most of the time Black congregants of these churches were under the surveillance of Whites.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|113}} That was the case until the creation of the African Association of New Brunswick in 1817.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|114–115}} Both free and enslaved African Americans were active in the establishment of the African Association of New Brunswick, whose meetings were first held in 1817.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|112}} The African Association of New Brunswick held a meeting every month, mostly in the homes of free blacks. Sometimes these meetings were held at the First Presbyterian Church. Originally intended to provide financial support for the African School of New Brunswick, the African Association grew into a space where blacks could congregate and share ideas on a variety of topics such as religion, abolition and colonization. Slaves were required to obtain a pass from their owner in order to attend these meetings. The African Association worked closely with Whites and was generally favored amongst White residents who believed it would bring more racial peace and harmony to New Brunswick.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|114–115}} The African Association of New Brunswick established the African School in 1822. The African School was first hosted in the home of Caesar Rappleyea in 1823.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|114}} The school was located on the upper end of Church Street in the downtown area of New Brunswick about two blocks away from the jail that held escaped slaves. Both free and enslaved Blacks were welcome to be members of the School.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|116}} Reverend Huntington (pastor of the [[First Presbyterian Church (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|First Presbyterian Church]]) and several other prominent Whites were trustees of the African Association of New Brunswick. These trustees supported the Association which made some slave owners feel safe sending their slaves there by using a permission slip process.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|115}} The main belief of these White supporters was that Blacks were still unfit for American citizenship and residence, and some trustees were connected with the [[American Colonization Society]] that advocated for the migration of free African Americans to Africa. The White trustees only attended some of the meetings of the African Association, and the Association was still unprecedented as a space for both enslaved and free Blacks to get together while under minimal supervision by Whites.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|116–117}} The African Association appears to have disbanded after 1824. By 1827, free and enslaved Black people in the city, including Joseph and Jane Hoagland, came together to establish the Mount Zion [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] and purchased a plot of land on Division Street for the purpose of erecting a church building. This was the first African American church in Middlesex County. The church had approximately 30 members in its early years. The church is still in operation and is currently located at 39 Hildebrand Way. The street Hildebrand Way is named after the late Rev. Henry Alphonso Hildebrand, who was pastor of Mount Zion AME for 37 years, which is the longest appointment received by a pastor at Mount Zion AME.<ref>Makin, Cheryl. [https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/faith/2017/10/27/local-ame-churches-celebrate-longevity/791940001/ "AME churches celebrate spirituality, longevity"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604183955/https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/faith/2017/10/27/local-ame-churches-celebrate-longevity/791940001/ |date=June 4, 2019 }}, ''[[Courier News]]'', October 27, 2017. Accessed December 12, 2019. "The historic Mount Zion A.M.E. Church-New Brunswick is the oldest African American church in Middlesex County. Now at 39 Hildebrand Way, the church began with a small plot of land on Division Street in 1827. The church was founded by a mix of 'enslaved and free people,' 36 years prior to the Emancipation Proclamation, said Eric Billips, pastor since 2013 at Mount Zion A.M.E. Church-New Brunswick.... In 1827, records show that Joseph and Jane Hoagland, along with other black men and women in the New Brunswick area, were founders of the church."</ref> Records from the April 1828 census, conducted by the New Brunswick Common Council, state that New Brunswick was populated with 4,435 white residents and 374 free African Americans. The enslaved population of New Brunswick in 1828 consisted of 57 slaves who must serve for life and 127 slaves eligible for emancipation at age 21 or 25 due to the 1804 Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery. Free and enslaved African Americans accounted for 11% of New Brunswick's population in 1828, a relatively high percentage for New Jersey.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|94}} By comparison, as of the [[1830 United States census]], African Americans made up approximately 6.4% of the total population of New Jersey.<ref>Wright, Giles R. [http://westjersey.org/AFAMI.pdf "Afro-Americans in New Jersey: a short history – Appendix 3"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115131916/http://westjersey.org/AFAMI.pdf |date=November 15, 2017 }}, [[New Jersey Historical Commission]], 1989, [[Trenton, New Jersey]]. Accessed December 12, 2019.</ref> ==== Jail and curfew in the 19th century ==== In 1824, the New Brunswick Common Council adopted a curfew for free people of color. Free African Americans were not allowed to be out after 10 pm on Saturday night. The Common Council also appointed a committee of white residents who were charged with rounding up and detaining free African Americans who appeared to be out of place according to white authorities.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|98}} New Brunswick became a notorious city for slave hunters, who sought to enforce the [[Fugitive Slave Act of 1850]]. Strategically located on the Raritan River, the city was also a vital hub for New Jersey's [[Underground Railroad]]. For runaway slaves in New Jersey, it served as a favorable route for those heading to New York and Canada. When African Americans tried to escape either to or from New Brunswick, they had a high likelihood of getting discovered and captured and sent to New Brunswick's jail, which was located on Prince Street, which by now is renamed Bayard Street.<ref name=SlaveryAndDispossession />{{Rp|96}} ===Hungarian community=== [[File:MEEB.jpg|thumb|The Committee of Hungarian Churches and Organizations of New Brunswick commemorating the anniversary of the [[1956 Hungarian Revolution|Hungarian Revolution of 1956]]]] New Brunswick has been described as the nation's "most Hungarian city", with Hungarian immigrants arriving in the city as early as 1888 and accounting for almost 20% of the city's population in 1915.<ref>[http://oldnewbrunswick.rutgers.edu/NBwalk_Holcomb.html "New Brunswick Walk, 2003"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125191127/http://oldnewbrunswick.rutgers.edu/NBwalk_Holcomb.html |date=November 25, 2019 }}, [[Rutgers University]]. Accessed December 12, 2019. "New Brunswick has been called 'the most Hungarian city in the US' because proportionately it once had more Hungarians than any other city. In 1915, out of a total population of 30,013, there were 5,572 Hungarians. The first immigrants came in 1888 and there followed, in the early twentieth century, many skilled workers who found employment in the former cigar factory on Somerset Street and at J and J."</ref> Hungarians were primarily attracted to the city by employment at Johnson & Johnson factories located in the city.<ref>Gurowitz, Margaret. [https://www.kilmerhouse.com/2008/06/hungarian-university "Hungarian University"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213207/https://www.kilmerhouse.com/2008/06/hungarian-university |date=December 13, 2019 }}, Kilmer House, June 19, 2008. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Large numbers of Hungarians settled in New Jersey and especially in New Brunswick, which had lots of industry to provide employment. Besides Johnson & Johnson, there was a cigar box manufacturer (which explains why many of our early medicated plasters were in cigar-box packaging…we bought the boxes from the neighboring factory), a button factory, a wallpaper factory, and more."</ref> Hungarians settled mainly in what today is the [[Fifth Ward, New Brunswick|Fifth Ward]] and businesses were established to serve the needs of the Hungarian community that weren't being met by mainstream businesses.<ref>[https://hungarianfreepress.com/2018/11/10/magyar-bank-new-brunswick-new-jersey/ "Magyar Bank – New Brunswick, New Jersey"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213520/http://hungarianfreepress.com/2018/11/10/magyar-bank-new-brunswick-new-jersey/ |date=December 13, 2019 }}, Hungarian Free Press, November 10, 2018. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Magyar Bank has an interesting history. Originally it was founded in 1922 as the Magyar Building and Loan Association by local Hungarian immigrants. Most of these Hungarian Americans settled in the city's Fifth Ward and the bank provided loans for their families."</ref> The immigrant population grew until the end of the immigration boom in the early 20th century. During the [[Cold War]], the community was revitalized by the decision to process the tens of thousands refugees who came to the United States from the failed [[1956 Hungarian Revolution]] at [[Camp Kilmer]], in nearby [[Edison, New Jersey|Edison]].<ref>Coriden, Guy E. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080109193906/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol2no1/html/v02i1a07p_0001.htm "Report on Hungarian Refugees"], [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. Accessed December 12, 2019. "As of 1 September 1957, approximately 35,000 of these refugees had accepted asylum in the US. In early November 1956, when it became apparent that a massive influx of Hungarians was going to have to be resettled, it was decided that Camp Kilmer, New Jersey, would be the processing center for all of the refugees.... From the arrival of the first refugees on 21 November 1956 until early May 1957, when Camp Kilmer was closed, transportation was provided by 214 MATS flights, 5 military Sea Transport Service (MSTS) ocean voyages, and 133 flights chartered by the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration (ICEM)."</ref> Even though the Hungarian population has been largely supplanted by newer immigrants, there continues to be a [[Hungarian Festival]] in the city held on Somerset Street on the first Saturday of June each year; the 44th annual event was held in 2019.<ref>[https://nj1015.com/40-of-the-best-things-to-do-this-weekend-in-nj-may-31-jun-2/ "40 of the best things to do this weekend in NJ — May 31 – Jun 2"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213144/https://nj1015.com/40-of-the-best-things-to-do-this-weekend-in-nj-may-31-jun-2/ |date=December 13, 2019 }}, [[NJ 101.5]], May 30, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019. "44th Annual Hungarian Festival The Hungarian Festival comes to New Brunswick for the 44th year in a row! Experience all things Hungarian as Somerset Street is transformed – enjoy fine Hungarian foods, great Hungarian dances and music."</ref> Many Hungarian institutions set up by the community remain and are active in the neighborhood, including: Magyar Reformed Church, Ascension Lutheran Church, St. Ladislaus Roman Catholic Church, St. Joseph Byzantine Catholic Church, Hungarian American Athletic Club, Aprokfalva Montessori Preschool, Széchenyi Hungarian Community School & Kindergarten, Teleki Pál Scout Home, Hungarian American Foundation, Vers Hangja, Hungarian Poetry Group, Bolyai Lecture Series on Arts and Sciences, Hungarian Alumni Association, Hungarian Radio Program, Hungarian Civic Association, Committee of Hungarian Churches and Organizations of New Brunswick, and Csűrdöngölő Folk Dance Ensemble. Several landmarks in the city also testify to its Hungarian heritage. There is a street and a park named after [[Lajos Kossuth]], one of the leaders of the [[Hungarian Revolution of 1848]]. The corner of Somerset Street and Plum Street is named Mindszenty Square where the first ever statue of Cardinal [[József Mindszenty]] was erected.<ref name=NYT1992>Zinsmeister, James A. [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/28/nyregion/new-brunswick-journal-where-hungarian-pride-lives-on.html "New Brunswick Journal; Where Hungarian Pride Lives On"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213153/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/28/nyregion/new-brunswick-journal-where-hungarian-pride-lives-on.html |date=December 13, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 28, 1992. Accessed December 12, 2019. "On one corner, a statue of Josef Cardinal Mindszenty, the late, beloved primate of Hungary, rises amid flowers before a large blue spruce. Across the way, a small granite monument bears a newly burnished bronze plaque that commemorates the Hungarian revolution.... While it is difficult to determine precisely how many Hungarian-Americans live in New Brunswick, Dr. August Molnar, director of the Hungarian Heritage Center, estimates that 3,200 do. That represents about 8 percent of the city's population, down from nearly 10 percent in 1980."</ref> A stone memorial to the victims of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution stands nearby.<ref>[http://www.americanhungarianfederation.org/docs/HungarianMarkers.pdf Hungarian Memorials and Markers in the USA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929035511/http://www.americanhungarianfederation.org/docs/HungarianMarkers.pdf |date=September 29, 2020 }}, The American Hungarian Federation. Accessed December 12, 2019. "New Brunswick, NJ – Mindszenty statue and square"</ref> ===Latino community=== In the 2010 Census, about 50% of New Brunswick's population is self-identified as Hispanic, the 14th highest percentage among municipalities in New Jersey.<ref name=Census2010/><ref>Mascarenhas, Rohan. [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/02/census_data_shows_hispanics_as.html "Census data shows Hispanics as the largest minority in N.J."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826100212/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/02/census_data_shows_hispanics_as.html |date=August 26, 2013 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', February 3, 2011. Accessed June 24, 2013.</ref> Since the 1960s, many of the new residents of New Brunswick have come from Latin America. Many citizens moved from Puerto Rico in the 1970s. In the 1980s, many immigrated from the Dominican Republic, and still later from Guatemala, Honduras, Ecuador and Mexico. ===Demolition, revitalization, and redevelopment=== [[File:New Brunswick Gateway Project construction.JPG|thumb|The [[The Gateway (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|Gateway Project]] under construction]] [[File:RutgersNBCollegAveresidence.jpg|thumb|upright|College Avenue, a [[juxtaposition]] of old and new structures]] New Brunswick is one of nine cities in New Jersey designated as eligible for Urban Transit Hub Tax Credits by the state's [[New Jersey Economic Development Authority|Economic Development Authority]]. Developers who invest a minimum of $50 million within a half-mile of a train station are eligible for pro-rated [[tax credit]].<ref>[http://www.njeda.com/web/pdf/HUB_Activity.pdf Urban Transit Hub Tax Credit Program Approved Projects] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233614/http://www.njeda.com/web/pdf/HUB_Activity.pdf |date=December 30, 2013 }}, [[New Jersey Economic Development Authority]]. Accessed January 11, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.njeda.com/web/pdf/urban%20hub%20union%20passaic%20middlesex.pdf Middlesex County: New Brunswick – Urban Transit Hub Tax Credits] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104132050/http://www.njeda.com/web/pdf/urban%20hub%20union%20passaic%20middlesex.pdf |date=November 4, 2012 }}, [[New Jersey Economic Development Authority]]. Accessed January 11, 2015.</ref> New Brunswick contains a number of examples of [[urban renewal]] in the United States. In the 1960s–1970s, the downtown area experienced [[urban decay]] as middle class residents moved to newer suburbs surrounding the city, an example of the phenomenon known as "[[white flight]]." Beginning in 1975, [[Rutgers University–New Brunswick|Rutgers University]], [[Johnson & Johnson]] and the city's government collaborated through the [[New Jersey Economic Development Authority]] to form the New Brunswick Development Company (DevCo), with the goal of revitalizing the city center and redeveloping neighborhoods considered to be blighted and dangerous (via demolition of existing buildings and construction of new ones).<ref>Picard, Joseph. [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/28/nyregion/new-brunswick-plan-debated.html "New Brunswick Plan Debates"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213129/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/28/nyregion/new-brunswick-plan-debated.html |date=December 13, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 28, 1987. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Johnson & Johnson, the multinational medical-supplies giant based here since 1886, set the redevelopment in motion in 1973 by calling in consultants to consider its feasibility. One, the American City Corporation of Columbia, Md., has been credited with setting the direction for the revitalization. By 1975, New Brunswick Tomorrow (N.B.T.) and the New Brunswick Development Corporation (Devco) had started up, the former as the revitalization's promotional arm and the latter as its chief developer. They have, from the beginning, shared in and promoted Johnson & Johnson's vision for New Brunswick's future."</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311092658/http://media.www.dailytargum.com/media/storage/paper168/news/2006/01/25/Redevelopment/Devco.Spends.1.6.Billion.Since.1970s-1503816.shtml?norewrite200606101915&sourcedomain=www.dailytargum.com "Devco spends $1.6 billion since 1970s"], ''[[The Daily Targum]]'', January 25, 2006, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of March 11, 2007. Accessed August 29, 2017.</ref> Johnson & Johnson announced in 1978 that they would remain in New Brunswick and invest $50 million to build a new world headquarters building in the area between Albany Street, Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, Route 18, and George Street, requiring many old buildings and historic roads to be removed.<ref>Waggoner, Walter H. [https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/07/archives/new-jersey-pages-johnson-johnson-expanding-in-jersey-planning-50.html "Johnson & Johnson Expanding in New Jersey; Planning $50 Million Headquarters in Downtown New Brunswick"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213149/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/07/archives/new-jersey-pages-johnson-johnson-expanding-in-jersey-planning-50.html |date=December 13, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 7, 1978. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Johnson & Johnson Inc. announced today that would construct a new $50 million worldwide corporate headquarters in down town New Brunswick. The medical-supplies company, already, the major taxpayer in this Middlesex County urban center, said it had spurned temptations to move its headquarters to suburban sites and that it was committed to the revitalization of this city of 40,000.... The whole complex will be located just south of Johnson & Johnson's red brick Georgian colonial headquarters structure, bounded by George Street on the east, the Amtrak railroad tracks on the north, Albany Street, or Route 27, on the south, and Peace and Water Streets on the west. "</ref> The Hiram Market area, a historic district that by the 1970s had become a mostly [[Puerto Ricans in the United States|Puerto Rican]] and [[Dominican-American]] neighborhood, was demolished to build a [[Hyatt]] hotel and conference center, and upscale housing.<ref>Rangel, Jesus. [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/12/nyregion/raids-by-housing-inspectors-anger-jersey-neighborhood.html "Raids by Housing Inspectors Anger Jersey Neighborhood"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213133/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/12/nyregion/raids-by-housing-inspectors-anger-jersey-neighborhood.html |date=December 13, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 12, 1988. Accessed December 12, 2019. "When city officials, acting on a tip, found that illegal immigrants were crowding into houses in a poor neighborhood here, they began a campaign to crack down on building-code violations.... But to many residents of Ward 2, particularly its Mexicans, Dominicans, Central Americans and Puerto Ricans, the inspections have been raids aimed at the neighborhood because it lies in the path of New Brunswick's urban-renewal plans.... The site of the hotel and conference center used to be the Hiram Street market area, a predominantly Puerto Rican and Dominican neighborhood."</ref> Johnson & Johnson guaranteed the investment made by Hyatt Hotels, as they were wary of building an upscale hotel in a run-down area.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} Devco, the hospitals, and the city government have drawn ire from both [[historic preservation]]ists, those opposing [[gentrification]]<ref>[https://archive.today/20070311033559/http://www.dailytargum.com/media/storage/paper168/news/1999/09/15/News/Students.Protest.Devco.Redevelopment-103980.shtml?norewrite200606101906&sourcedomain=www.dailytargum.com "Students protest DevCo redevelopment"], ''[[The Daily Targum]]'', September 15, 1999.</ref> and those concerned with [[eminent domain]] abuses and tax abatements for developers.<ref>[https://archive.today/20070310161856/http://www.dailytargum.com/media/storage/paper168/news/1999/11/09/News/Tenants.Place.Is.Uncertain-104546.shtml?norewrite200606101919&sourcedomain=www.dailytargum.com Tenants' place is uncertain], ''[[The Daily Targum]]'', November 9, 1999.</ref> New Brunswick is home to the main campus of [[Rutgers University–New Brunswick|Rutgers University]] and [[Johnson & Johnson]], which in 1983 constructed its new [[headquarters]] in the city.<ref name=NYT1983>Courtney, Marian. [https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/23/nyregion/corporate-offices-new-state-image.html "Corporate Offices: New State Image"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622050508/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/23/nyregion/corporate-offices-new-state-image.html |date=June 22, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'' October 23, 1983. Accessed December 12, 2019. "When Johnson & Johnson decided to build its new world headquarters in the city where it had been lodged for almost 100 years, it assumed a leadership role in New Brunswick Tomorrow, the government-industry alliance that is rebuilding a deteriorating central business district."</ref><ref>Attrino, Anthony G. [https://www.nj.com/middlesex/2014/10/john_j_heldrich_former_top_executive_at_johnson_johnson_and_civic_leader_dies_at_88.html#incart_river "John J. Heldrich, former top executive at Johnson & Johnson and civic leader, dies at 88"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622161837/https://www.nj.com/middlesex/2014/10/john_j_heldrich_former_top_executive_at_johnson_johnson_and_civic_leader_dies_at_88.html#incart_river |date=June 22, 2019 }}, NJ Advance Media for [[NJ.com]], October 28, 2014, updated March 29, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019.</ref><ref name=SL2002>Lane, Alexander. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141109065158/http://www.nj.com/specialprojects/downtowns/0630brunswick.html "Time to turn another corner; Next generation of builders has designs on New Brunswick"], ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', June 30, 2002, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of November 9, 2014. Accessed December 12, 2019.</ref> Both work with Devco in a [[public–private partnership]] to redevelop downtown, particularly regarding [[transit-oriented development]].<ref>Peet, Judy. [http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/08/redeveloped_new_brunswick_is_i.html "Private company's redevelopment of New Brunswick could be model for Atlantic City revamp"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620074440/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/08/redeveloped_new_brunswick_is_i.html |date=June 20, 2018 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', August 29, 2010, updated April 1, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019. "Currently in the works are a 632,000-square-foot 'transit village' adjacent to the train station and $165 million research tower. Devco now owns 2 million square feet of space in the city, including the Middlesex County courthouse, according to Devco records. Unlike redevelopment in Newark and Camden, the Devco model didn't try to revitalize multiple neighborhoods with individual projects, but instead concentrated on a small, extremely dense corridor within approximately 10 blocks of the New Brunswick train station."</ref><ref>Narvaez, Alfonso. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/17/nyregion/buildings-sale-backs-new-brunswick-revival.html "Building's Sale Backs New Brunswick Revival"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620074240/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/17/nyregion/buildings-sale-backs-new-brunswick-revival.html |date=June 20, 2018 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 17, 1984. Accessed December 12, 2019.</ref><ref>Martin, Antoinette. [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/06/realestate/06njzo.html "At Two Extremes of a Housing Market"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719134039/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/06/realestate/06njzo.html |date=July 19, 2012 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 6, 2005. Accessed December 12, 2019.</ref><ref>Miller, Paige. [http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/2012/05/07/in-new-brunswick-one-community-partnership-tackles-multiple-community-needs/ "In New Brunswick, one development tackles multiple community needs"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120611173254/http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/2012/05/07/in-new-brunswick-one-community-partnership-tackles-multiple-community-needs/ |date=June 11, 2012 }}, [[Smart Growth America]], May 7, 2012. Accessed December 13, 2019. "When Smart Growth America's coalition partner New Jersey Future announced its 2012 Smart Growth Award winners in April, it was no surprise that New Brunswick's Gateway Transit Village received the award for Transit-Oriented Development Partnership. The Gateway Transit Village is a new development in downtown New Brunswick that includes parking, retail, office and residential space. Gateway is known as a transit-oriented development because it is located across from a train station, easily connecting the building's tenants and patrons to transit."</ref><ref name=NJSpotlight2015>Nurin, Tara. [https://www.njspotlight.com/2015/01/15-01-13-explainer-how-downtown-new-brunswick-is-emerging-from-its-decades-long-doldrums/ "Explainer: How Downtown New Brunswick Has Emerged from Its Doldrums"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213144/https://www.njspotlight.com/2015/01/15-01-13-explainer-how-downtown-new-brunswick-is-emerging-from-its-decades-long-doldrums/ |date=December 13, 2019 }}, NJ Spotlight, January 13, 2015. Accessed December 13, 2019. "Now, however, Rutgers, the New Brunswick Development Corp. (Devco), the mayor's office, and influential private firms are redrawing the residential, academic and commercial landscape of the greater downtown area. They're building on the success of earlier urban-renewal projects; Rutgers’ rise in national academic and athletic standings; millennials’ desire for transit-friendly live-work-play destinations; and powerful economic incentives."</ref><ref name="NBNJ"/><ref>Garbarine, Rachelle. [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/10/realestate/in-the-new-york-region-new-jersey-in-montclair-and-new-brunswick.html "In the New York Region: New Jersey; In Montclair and New Brunswick, A Few Drops for the Rental Trickle"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628205709/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/10/realestate/in-the-new-york-region-new-jersey-in-montclair-and-new-brunswick.html |date=June 28, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 10, 1989. Accessed December 13, 2019</ref> Boraie Development, a real estate development firm based in New Brunswick, has developed projects using the incentives provided by Devco and the state.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} [[File:First Reformed Church, New Brunswick, NJ - south view.jpg|thumb|[[First Reformed Church of New Brunswick|First Reformed Church]], built in 1812, long the tallest building in the city]] [[File:NatlBankofNJ, New Brunswick 1908.tiff|thumb|National Bank of New Jersey, 1908]] ====Tallest buildings==== [[Christ Church, New Brunswick, New Jersey|Christ Church]], originally built in 1742, was the tallest building at the time of construction.<ref>[http://www.christchurchnewbrunswick.org/history-of-the-parish/ History of Christ Church] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914152141/http://www.christchurchnewbrunswick.org/history-of-the-parish/ |date=September 14, 2015 }}, [[Christ Church, New Brunswick, New Jersey]]. Accessed December 13, 2019. "The demand was such that a group gathered in 1742 to construct another church, to be called Christ Church, on the New Brunswick side of the River. Although construction began in 1742, title to the land was not obtained until 1745."</ref> A steeple was added in 1773 and replaced in 1803.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080820044519/http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/~lesk/church/ Christ Church, New Brunswick NJ ], [[Rutgers University]], backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of August 20, 2008. Accessed March 27, 2014. "The original building was 55 feet wide, 45 feet deep, and 20 feet high... A steeple, consisting of a tower and spire, was added in 1773. The steeple design was based on that of St. Martin-in-the-Fields in London. At the time it was constructed, the steeple was the highest point in town. Unfortunately, it seems that the original construction of the steeple was not altogether sound as the congregation began taking subscriptions for steeple repair in 1786. Following the first repair job, the steeple was struck by lightning in 1803 and it burned to the ground. It was rebuilt the same year through new subscriptions, and the tower portion of the steeple (as opposed to the spire) still stands."</ref> The six-story [[First Reformed Church of New Brunswick|First Reformed Church]], built in 1812, was long the city's tallest structure.<ref>[https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/38779/PDF/1 "History of the First Reformed Church New Brunswick"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213144/https://rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu/rutgers-lib/38779/PDF/1 |date=December 13, 2019 }}, [[Rutgers University]]. Accessed December 13, 2019.</ref> One of the earliest tall commercial buildings in the city was the eight-story {{convert|34.29|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} National Bank of New Jersey built in 1908.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140325053831/http://www.emporis.com/building/390georgestreet-newbrunswick-nj-usa 390 George Street]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 12, 2019.</ref><ref>Rabinowitz, Richard. [https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2013/09/09/george-street-closed-due-to-partial-collapse-of-historic-building/ "George Street Closed Due to Partial Collapse of Historic Building"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213203/https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2013/09/09/george-street-closed-due-to-partial-collapse-of-historic-building/ |date=December 13, 2019 }}, New Brunswick Today, September 9, 2013. Accessed December 13, 2019. "The historic building at 390 George Street is eight stories tall and was built in 1908, according to Emporis. Originally it was one of the tallest buildings in the city and the home to the National Bank of New Jersey, which left the downtown area in the 1970s."</ref> The four nine-story {{convert|38|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} buildings of the New Brunswick Homes housing project, originally built in 1958, were demolished by [[building implosion|implosion]] in 2000 and largely replaced by low-rise housing.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140325053432/http://www.emporis.com/building/newbrunswickhomesbuilding1-newbrunswick-nj-usa Buildings in New Brunswick (demolished)]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 13, 2019.</ref><ref>Malinconico, Joe. [https://patch.com/new-jersey/newbrunswick/the-legacy-of-hope-vi-in-new-brunswick "The Legacy of Hope VI in New Brunswick Some residents say the revitalization of low-income housing has made their neighborhoods safer, but advocates are split on the long term effects of the program."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213146/https://patch.com/new-jersey/newbrunswick/the-legacy-of-hope-vi-in-new-brunswick |date=December 13, 2019 }}, New Brunswick, NJ Patch, July 14, 2011. Accessed December 13, 2019. "Back then, Gregory said he roamed New Brunswick's notorious Memorial Homes selling cocaine, heroin and PCP. He admits being arrested at the high-rise projects several times. But hustling drugs and ducking police grew tiresome and Gregory said he gave up his criminal ways just before city housing officials knocked down the projects in a blast of dynamite. August will mark the 10-year anniversary of the demolition and Gregory's lifestyle isn't the only thing that's changed in the neighborhood since the Memorial Homes came down."</ref><ref>[https://www.njfuture.org/smart-growth-101/smart-growth-awards/2003-award/new-brunswick/ "Lower George Street Redevelopment Strategy Winner: City of New Brunswick, supporting partners: New Brunswick Development Corporation, New Brunswick Homes Residents Council and the New Brunswick Housing Authority"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228062753/https://www.njfuture.org/smart-growth-101/smart-growth-awards/2003-award/new-brunswick/ |date=December 28, 2019 }}, New Jersey Future. Accessed December 13, 2019. "To date, the four public housing towers have been demolished and Hope Manor, the first construction phase of the work program, is complete. Hope Manor includes 68 homes, 15 of which are rehabilitated existing homes and 53 of which are new construction. Currently under construction is phase two, Riverside, which will consist of 76 homes directly on the site of the New Brunswick Homes towers."</ref> While there are no buildings over {{convert|300|ft|m|abbr=off|sp=us}}, since the beginning of the new millennium, a number of high-rise residential buildings have been added to the city's [[skyline]].<ref>Rabinowitz, Richard. [https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2014/06/01/22-story-highrise-apartment-complex-approved-for-new-street/ "22-Story Highrise Apartment Complex Approved For New Street"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213149/https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2014/06/01/22-story-highrise-apartment-complex-approved-for-new-street/ |date=December 13, 2019 }}, New Brunswick Today, June 1, 2014. Accessed December 13, 2019. "22-story tower is set to rise over New Street, the latest in a neighborhood full of recent housing developments, such as Rockoff Hall, The Heldrich and The George."</ref> clustered around the [[New Brunswick station]] have joined those built in the 1960s on the city's skyline.<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20121111202306/http://www.emporis.com/city/newbrunswick-nj-usa New Brunswick]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 13, 2019.</ref><ref name =skyscraper>[http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=1344 New Brunswick] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811001809/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?cityID=1344 |date=August 11, 2019 }}, [[SkyscraperPage]]. Accessed December 13, 2019.</ref><ref>[http://walkableprinceton.com/2014/01/06/exciting-new-brunswick/ "New Brunswick, NJ Is America's '5th-Most Exciting Small City'. Why?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228021331/https://walkableprinceton.com/2014/01/06/exciting-new-brunswick/ |date=December 28, 2019 }}, Walkable Princeton, January 5, 2014. Accessed December 13, 2019. "The height of the new buildings in New Brunswick (up to 23 levels in the newest luxury tower) would clearly be out-of-scale for Princeton, but for a city like New Brunswick, they offer a way to capture value from desirable locations close to university facilities, downtown amenities and a direct rail connection to New York."</ref><ref>Martin, Antoinette. [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/realestate/new-jersey-in-the-region-a-rising-rental-market-in-the-north.html "A Rising Rental Market in the North"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213213202/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/20/realestate/new-jersey-in-the-region-a-rising-rental-market-in-the-north.html |date=December 13, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'' November 11, 2011. Accessed December 13, 2019.</ref><ref>Kratovil, Charlie. [https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2015/06/15/new-brunswick-101-your-source-for-facts-about-the-hub-city/ "New Brunswick 101: Your Source For Facts About The Hub City"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704060121/https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2015/06/15/new-brunswick-101-your-source-for-facts-about-the-hub-city/ |date=July 4, 2022 }}, New Brunswick Today, June 15, 2015. Accessed December 13, 2019.</ref> Of the 16 buildings over {{convert|150|ft|m|abbr=}}, nine of them were built in the 21st century; several others are approved or proposed. {|class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Rank ! Name ! image ! Height<br><small>ft/m</small> ! Floors ! Year ! class="unsortable"|Notes |- | 1 | [[The Gateway (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|The Gateway]] | [[File:GatewayVueNB.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|298|ft|m|abbr=on}} | 24 | 2012 |[[Louis Berger Group]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.louisberger.com/our-work/project/gateway-easton-avenue-new-brunswick-nj-us|title=High Speed Rail: Los Gallardos-Sorbas section of Mediterranean Railway Corridor – Spain|website=Louis Berger|access-date=June 22, 2019|archive-date=April 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190417055407/https://www.louisberger.com/our-work/project/gateway-easton-avenue-new-brunswick-nj-us|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name =skyscraper/><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150514015237/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/233632/the-vue-new-brunswick-nj-usa The Vue]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.perkinseastman.com/project_3405917_new_brunswick_transit_village|title=New Brunswick Transit Village|work=perkinseastman.com|access-date=April 25, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140425053122/http://www.perkinseastman.com/project_3405917_new_brunswick_transit_village|archive-date=April 25, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Martin, Antoinette. [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/realestate/13njzo.html "In New Brunswick, a Mixed-Use Project Is Bustling"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119223018/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/13/realestate/13njzo.html |date=November 19, 2018 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', February 11, 2011. Accessed August 18, 2013. "The 624,000-square-foot building will have a public parking structure at the core of its first 10 stories; that core is to be wrapped in commercial and office space. A glass residential tower 14 stories tall will sit atop the parking structure ... As for the residences – 10 floors of rentals and 4 levels of penthouse condos – they are scheduled to be complete by April 2012."</ref> |- | 2 | [[New Brunswick Performing Arts Center]] | [[File:New Brunswick Performing Arts Center, New Brunswick, NJ.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|282|ft|m|abbr=on}}{{Efn|Height is estimated}} | 22 | 2019<ref>Lissner, Caren. [https://jerseydigs.com/172-million-new-brunswick-performing-arts-center-now-open/ "New Brunswick Opens Its $172 Million Performing Arts Center"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920114356/https://jerseydigs.com/172-million-new-brunswick-performing-arts-center-now-open/ |date=September 20, 2020 }}, Jersey Digs, September 9, 2019. Accessed December 16, 2019. "The 23-story New Brunswick Performing Arts Center (NBPAC) complex opened on September 4 with an event drawing 450 guests to celebrate the long-awaited $172 million project, which includes two theaters, office space, and 207 apartments for artists and performers."</ref> | [[Elkus Manfredi Architects]]<ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20180922101750/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/1351773/new-brunswick-performing-arts-center-new-brunswick-nj-usa New Brunswick Performing Arts Center]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://njbiz.com/state-of-the-art-190m-arts-center-coming-to-new-brunswick/|title=State-of-the-art, 190M arts center coming to New Brunswick|first=Jessica|last=Perry|date=April 4, 2017|access-date=June 22, 2019|archive-date=June 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622050504/https://njbiz.com/state-of-the-art-190m-arts-center-coming-to-new-brunswick/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/middlesex/2017/04/190m_arts_center_apartment_building_to_be_built_in.html|title=$190M arts center, apartment building reportedly to be built in New Brunswick|first=Craig|last=Mccarthy|date=April 5, 2017|website=nj.com|access-date=June 27, 2019|archive-date=June 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627203346/https://www.nj.com/middlesex/2017/04/190m_arts_center_apartment_building_to_be_built_in.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pennrose.com/news/news-releases/2017/pennrose-closes-on-22-story-mixed-use-residential-development/|title=Pennrose Closes on 22-story Mixed Use Residential Development|website=www.pennrose.com|access-date=June 27, 2019|archive-date=June 27, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627192723/https://www.pennrose.com/news/news-releases/2017/pennrose-closes-on-22-story-mixed-use-residential-development/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=New Brunswick Performing Arts Center - The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/new-brunswick-performing-arts-center/31140 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=www.skyscrapercenter.com}}</ref> |- | 3 | One Spring Street |[[File:1SpringStreetNewBrunswick1.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|258|ft|m|abbr=on}} | 23 | 2006 |[[Costas Kondylis]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boraie.com/development/one-spring-street|title=One Spring Street – New Jersey Urban Developers|website=www.boraie.com|access-date=June 22, 2019|archive-date=July 2, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702042804/http://www.boraie.com/development/one-spring-street|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160307025302/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/202662/one-spring-street-new-brunswick-nj-usa One Spring Street]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2015/11/08/luxury-tower-evaded-safety-inspectors-before-burning-a-resident/|title=Tower Evaded Safety Inspectors Before Burning a Resident – New Brunswick Today|website=newbrunswicktoday.com|date=November 9, 2015|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203043842/https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2015/11/08/luxury-tower-evaded-safety-inspectors-before-burning-a-resident/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Martin, Antoinette. [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/06/realestate/at-two-extremes-of-a-housing-market.html "At Two Extremes of a Housing Market"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629083025/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/06/realestate/at-two-extremes-of-a-housing-market.html |date=June 29, 2019 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 6, 2005. Accessed December 16, 2019. "Boraie Development, founded by Omar Boraie, an Egyptian immigrant who came to New Brunswick 40 years ago to get his Ph.D. in chemistry before hearing the siren call of real estate, is putting up a New York-style apartment tower at One Spring Street downtown. 'This is going to be super-high-end,' said Wasseem Boraie, one of two Boraie sons who are partners in the company."</ref> |- | 4 | [[Johnson and Johnson Plaza|One Johnson and Johnson Plaza]] | [[File:Johnson & Johnson HQ - IMG 2615.JPG|100px]] | {{convert|228|ft|m|abbr=on}} | 16 | 1983 |[[Headquarters]] of [[Johnson & Johnson]]; [[I. M. Pei]]<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306014027/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/124020/one-johnson-johnson-plaza-new-brunswick-nj-usa Johnson and Johnson Plaza]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://structurae.info/ouvrages/johnson-johnson-world-headquarters|title=Johnson & Johnson World Headquarters (New Brunswick, 1982)|website=Structurae|access-date=June 22, 2019|archive-date=June 22, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622213656/https://structurae.info/ouvrages/johnson-johnson-world-headquarters|url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="NBNJ">{{cite book |author1 = David Listokin |author2 = Dorothea Berkhout |author3 = James W. Hughes |title = New Brunswick, New Jersey: The Decline and Revitalization of Urban America |publisher = Rutgers University Press |year = 2016 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gwccDAAAQBAJ&q=Boraie+buildings+new+brunswick&pg=PA207 |isbn = 9780813575582 |access-date = October 3, 2020 |archive-date = October 30, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231030213735/https://books.google.com/books?id=gwccDAAAQBAJ&q=Boraie+buildings+new+brunswick&pg=PA207#v=snippet&q=Boraie%20buildings%20new%20brunswick&f=false |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name="urbanism">{{cite book |last = Hackworth |first = Jason |title = The Neoliberal City: Governance, Ideology, and Development in American Urbanism |publisher = Cornell University Press |year = 2013 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZffPAQAAQBAJ&q=devco+new+brunswick&pg=PT92 |isbn = 9780801470042 |access-date = October 3, 2020 |archive-date = October 30, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231030213735/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZffPAQAAQBAJ&q=devco+new+brunswick&pg=PT92#v=snippet&q=devco%20new%20brunswick&f=false |url-status = live }}</ref> <ref name="NYT1983" /><ref name="SL2002" /><ref>Comm, Caryl. [https://patch.com/new-jersey/morristown/j-j-worldwide-headquarters-nears-completion "J&J Worldwide Headquarters Nears CompletionKimmerle Newman Architect Designs Flexible Mobile Workforce Spaces"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622213549/https://patch.com/new-jersey/morristown/j-j-worldwide-headquarters-nears-completion |date=June 22, 2019 }}, Morristown, NJ Patch, May 19, 2017. Accessed May 5, 2021. "Kimmerle Group – a Harding-based multifaceted architectural/design organization – announced that Johnson & Johnson (J&J) is currently building out the final two projects in the redesign of its world headquarters in New Brunswick, NJ. The pharmaceutical giant retained Kimmerle Newman Architects (KNA) last year to address its new master plan project at its 449,000-square-foot headquarters located at 1 Johnson & Johnson Plaza through nine separate projects, seven of which are now complete."</ref> |- |5 |The Standard at New Brunswick | |{{Convert|225|ft|m|abbr=on}} |21 |2020 |<ref>{{cite news |last=Rabinowitz |first=Richard |date=June 1, 2014 |title=22-Story Highrise Apartment Complex Approved For New Street |url=https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2014/06/01/22-story-highrise-apartment-complex-approved-for-new-street/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203104640/https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2014/06/01/22-story-highrise-apartment-complex-approved-for-new-street/ |archive-date=December 3, 2019 |access-date=June 6, 2014 |newspaper=New Brunswick Today}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Standard at New Brunswick - The Skyscraper Center |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/the-standard-at-new-brunswick/33718 |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=www.skyscrapercenter.com}}</ref> |- | 6 | Colony House | [[File:ColonyHouseNewBrunswick.tiff|100px]] | {{convert|75|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 20 | 1962 |<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160306025006/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/124021/colony-house-new-brunswick-nj-usa Colony House]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref> |- | 7 | [[Civic Square, New Brunswick|Skyline Tower]] | [[File:SkylineNB3.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|59|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 14 | 1967/2003 |<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150513040503/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/124019/skyline-tower-new-brunswick-nj-usa Skyline Tower]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devco.org/projects2/towerrenovation.htm|title=Civic Square Residential Tower and Middlesex County Courthouse Renovation|work=devco.org|access-date=October 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054930/http://www.devco.org/projects2/towerrenovation.htm|archive-date=March 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="newbrunswicktoday.com1">{{cite web|url=https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2017/04/04/source-pennrose-sold-its-two-hub-city-highrises-for-35-5-million/|title=Source: Pennrose Sold Its Two Hub City Highrises For $35.5 Million – New Brunswick Today|website=newbrunswicktoday.com|date=April 4, 2017|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203010756/https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2017/04/04/source-pennrose-sold-its-two-hub-city-highrises-for-35-5-million/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 8 | Schatzman-Fricano Apartments | [[File:Schatzman-FricanoAptsNewBrnswkNJ.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|59|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 14 | 1963 |<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190622025334/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/124023/john-p-fricano-towers-new-brunswick-nj-usa John P. Fricano Towers]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref> |- | 9 | The George | [[File:TheGeorgeNB3.jpg|100px]] | | 14 | 2013 |<ref>{{cite web|title=Pennrose adds The George, New Brunswick, to its high-rise properties |publisher=North Jersey.com |date=May 2013 |url=http://www.northjersey.com/story-archives/pennrose-adds-the-george-new-brunswick-to-its-high-rise-properties-1.574315 |access-date=March 24, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325065202/http://www.northjersey.com/story-archives/pennrose-adds-the-george-new-brunswick-to-its-high-rise-properties-1.574315 |archive-date=March 25, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ajdconstruction.net/portfolios/central-south-nj/portfolio_items/the-george|title=AJD|website=www.ajdconstruction.net|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629083028/http://www.ajdconstruction.net/portfolios/central-south-nj/portfolio_items/the-george|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="newbrunswicktoday.com1" /> |- | 10 | Riverside Towers | | {{convert|54|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 13 | 1964 |<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20190101002736/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/124025/riverside-towers-new-brunswick-nj-usa Riverside Towers]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.morgan-properties.com/apartments/nj/new-brunswick/riverside-towers/photos Photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628211450/https://www.morgan-properties.com/apartments/nj/new-brunswick/riverside-towers/photos |date=June 28, 2019 }}, Riverside Towers Apartment Homes. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref> |- | 11 | The Heldrich | [[File:The Heldrich New Brunswick New Jersey.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 11 | 2007 |<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160507063932/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/102313/the-heldrich-new-brunswick-nj-usa The Heldrich]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.njfuture.org/smart-growth-101/smart-growth-awards/2008-award/heldrich/|title=Heldrich Redevelopment Project, New Brunswick – New Jersey Future|date=May 25, 2008 |access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=June 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608112257/https://www.njfuture.org/smart-growth-101/smart-growth-awards/2008-award/heldrich/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 12 | Rockhoff Hall/SoCam290 | [[File:RockhoffRutgersNB1.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|50|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 12 | 2005 |<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160307024540/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/203022/rockoff-hall-university-apartments-new-brunswick-nj-usa Rockoff Hall University Apartments]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2013/06/04/rockoff-hall-sold-to-pittsburgh-based-mckinney-properties-for-57-million/|title=Rockoff Hall Sold to Pittsburgh-Based McKinney Properties For $57 Million – New Brunswick Today|website=newbrunswicktoday.com|date=June 5, 2013|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203090453/https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2013/06/04/rockoff-hall-sold-to-pittsburgh-based-mckinney-properties-for-57-million/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://devco.org/page/21/rockoff-hall Rockoff Hall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629083032/http://devco.org/page/21/rockoff-hall |date=June 29, 2019 }}, Devco. Accessed December 16, 2019. "Year Completed: 2005... Rockoff Hall encompasses 186 apartment suites, a significant street level retail presence with national retailers, and additional space for Rutgers to utilize for student life activities."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pennrose.com/development-services/portfolio/new-jersey/rockoff-hall/|title=Rockoff Hall|website=www.pennrose.com|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629083027/https://www.pennrose.com/development-services/portfolio/new-jersey/rockoff-hall/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://socam290.com//|title=SoCam 290 is a pet-friendly, student living apartment community in New Brunswick, NJ.|last=SoCam 290|website=socam290.com|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=June 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628205711/https://socam290.com//|url-status=live}}</ref> |- | 13 | Aspire | [[File:AspireNewBrunswick.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|49|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 16/17 | 2015 | [[Bradford Perkins (architect)|Bradford Perkins]]<ref>[http://thecityofnewbrunswick.org/planninganddevelopment/files/2012-03.20-PB-MINUTES.pdf]{{dead link|date=August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20160307024052/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/1194554/the-aspire-new-brunswick-nj-usa The Aspire]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Haydon|first=Tom|title=16 story building to rise in New Brunswick|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/03/16-story_complex_to_rise_above.html|access-date=May 16, 2012|newspaper=The Star-Ledger|date=March 25, 2012|archive-date=March 28, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328055329/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/03/16-story_complex_to_rise_above.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/news/2012/03/16-story_complex_to_rise_above.html|title=16-story complex to rise above New Brunswick|first=Tom|last=Haydon|date=March 25, 2012|website=nj.com|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629083023/https://www.nj.com/news/2012/03/16-story_complex_to_rise_above.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.nj.com/boraie_development/2015/03/boraie_development_offers_luxu.html|title=Boraie Development offers luxury living at The Aspire|work=NJ.com|date=March 18, 2015|access-date=November 27, 2019|archive-date=August 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810205044/http://blog.nj.com/boraie_development/2015/03/boraie_development_offers_luxu.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NJSpotlight2015" /> |- |14 | [[College Avenue Campus|The Yard]]<ref>[http://rutgersfuturebydevco.org/page/9/the-yard-college-avenue The Yard @ College Avenue] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128045617/https://rutgersfuturebydevco.org/page/9/the-yard-college-avenue |date=November 28, 2020 }}, Rutgers Future by Devco. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref> | [[File:RutgersHonorCollegeAveResidence(toppedout2015).jpg|100px]] | {{convert|49|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 14 | 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2016/08/21/new-14-story-rutgers-apartment-building-set-to-open-august-28/|title=New 14-Story Rutgers Apartment Building Set to Open August 28 – New Brunswick Today|website=newbrunswicktoday.com|date=August 22, 2016|access-date=June 22, 2019|archive-date=December 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203004818/https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2016/08/21/new-14-story-rutgers-apartment-building-set-to-open-august-28/|url-status=live}}</ref> | [[Elkus/Manfredi Architects]]<ref>University Apartments {{cite news|title=University Apartments |publisher=Elkus / Manfredi Architects |date=December 13, 2013 |url=ftp://74.10.205.231/13818%20.../Documents/000%20FINAL%20specs.pdf |access-date=June 12, 2014}}{{dead link|date=March 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.rutgers.edu/news-release/gov-christie-rutgers-university-and-new-brunswick-development-corporation-break-ground-college/20130919#.VjTp8un7-8V|title=Gov. Christie, Rutgers University and New Brunswick Development Corporation Break Ground on College Avenue Redevelopment Initiative|work=rutgers.edu|access-date=November 1, 2015|archive-date=November 5, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151105072536/http://news.rutgers.edu/news-release/gov-christie-rutgers-university-and-new-brunswick-development-corporation-break-ground-college/20130919#.VjTp8un7-8V|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rutgersfuturebydevco.org/page/9/university-apartment-housing|title=University Apartment Housing – Rutgers Future by DEVCO|work=rutgersfuturebydevco.org|access-date=November 1, 2015|archive-date=September 13, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913000747/http://rutgersfuturebydevco.org/page/9/university-apartment-housing|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 15 | 410 George Street | [[File:410GeorgeStNewBrunswickNJ.tiff|100px]] | {{convert|47|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 11 | 1989 | Rothe-Johnson Architects<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>[https://www.emporis.com/buildings/124018/410-george-street-new-brunswick-nj-usa 410 George Street]{{dead link|date=August 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref> |- | 16 | University Center | [[File:UniversityCenterNB1.jpg|100px]] | {{convert|45.3|m|ft|abbr=on|order=flip}} | 12 | 1994 |<ref name="skyscraper" /><ref>{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20150405110337/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/124024/university-center-at-easton-avenue-new-brunswick-nj-usa University Center at Easton Avenue]}}, [[Emporis]]. Accessed December 16, 2019.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ruoncampus.rutgers.edu/university-center-at-easton-ave/|title=University Center at Easton Ave. Apartments – Residence Life|access-date=June 28, 2019|archive-date=June 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629083026/http://ruoncampus.rutgers.edu/university-center-at-easton-ave/|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===== Tallest buildings under construction, approved, and proposed ===== {| class="wikitable" !Name !Height !Floors !Status !Year (est) !Notes |- |NB Plaza | |45 |Approved | |<ref>{{Cite web |title=45-Story Apartment Building Planned for George Street Proposes 160 Affordable Units |url=https://www.tapinto.net/towns/new-brunswick/sections/development/articles/45-story-apartment-building-planned-for-george-street-proposes-160-affordable-units |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=TAPinto |language=en}}</ref> |- |[[HELIX (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|H-3]] | |42 |Proposed |2030 |Part of the three-tower [[HELIX (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|HELIX]] complex<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-11 |title=Nokia Will Leave Union County, Relocate Headquarters To New Brunswick |url=https://patch.com/new-jersey/newbrunswick/nokia-will-leave-north-jersey-move-headquarters-new-brunswick |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=New Brunswick, NJ Patch |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Bergeron |first=Tom |date=2024-04-01 |title=HELIX hits another homer: J&J to take space at life science center |url=https://www.roi-nj.com/2024/04/01/healthcare/helix-hits-another-homer-jj-to-take-space-at-life-science-center/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=ROI-NJ |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |11 Spring Street | |27 |Approved | |Height reduced from 30 floors to 27 in 2024<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fry |first=Chris |date=2023-11-01 |title=New Brunswick Fully Approves New 30-Story Tower from Boraie Development |url=https://jerseydigs.com/11-spring-street-new-brunswick-tower/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=Jersey Digs |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-31 |title=Developer Reduces Height Of Another Proposed Tower In New Brunswick |url=https://patch.com/new-jersey/newbrunswick/height-reduced-another-proposed-tower-new-brunswick#google_vignette |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=New Brunswick, NJ Patch |language=en}}</ref> |- |90 Bayard Street |255 |22 |Approved | |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kratovil |first=Charlie |date=2023-10-29 |title=Big Plans Approved For Bayard Street, Including Expensive 22-Story Tower |url=https://newbrunswicktoday.com/2023/10/big-plans-approved-for-bayard-street-including-expensive-22-story-tower/ |access-date=2025-05-07 |website=New Brunswick Today {{!}} New Brunswick, NJ Local News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=City of New Brunswick Site Plan Application |url=https://cdn.newbrunswicktoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/1.-90-Bayard-Street-Signed-Site-Plan-Application-and-Attachments-7.7.2023-00034994xDAD2F.pdf}}</ref> |- |The Liv | |23 |Approved | |On the site of the [[Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks|Elks Club Lodge]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Russell |first=Suzanne |title=New Brunswick approves high-rise, but there might be a legal hurdle |url=https://www.mycentraljersey.com/story/news/local/middlesex-county/2024/01/15/new-brunswick-oks-high-rise-but-lawsuit-is-pending/72109673007/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=Courier News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fry |first=Chris |date=2023-12-11 |title=New Brunswick to Consider 409-Unit Tower at Elks Lodge Site |url=https://jerseydigs.com/the-liv-elks-lodge-tower-new-brunswick/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=Jersey Digs |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |[[HELIX (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|H-1]] | |13 |Under construction |2025 |Part of the three-tower [[HELIX (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|HELIX]] complex<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> |- |Jack & Sheryl Morris Cancer Center | |12 |Under construction |2025 |New Jersey's first freestanding cancer hospital<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coming Soon: New Jersey's First Freestanding Cancer Hospital |url=https://www.rwjbh.org/blog/2024/january/coming-soon-new-jersey-s-first-freestanding-canc/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |website=RWJBarnabas Health |language=en}}</ref> |- |[[HELIX (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|H-2]] | |11 |Approved |2028 |[[Nokia]] Headquarters; part of the three-tower [[HELIX (New Brunswick, New Jersey)|HELIX]] complex<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /> |}
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