Editing New Albany, Indiana (section)

==History==

===Early history===
{{US Census population
|1830= 2079
|1840= 4226
|1850= 8181
|1860= 12647
|1870= 15396
|1880= 16423
|1890= 21059
|1900= 20628
|1910= 20629
|1920= 22992
|1930= 25819
|1940= 25414
|1950= 29346
|1960= 37812
|1970= 38402
|1980= 37103
|1990= 36322
|2000= 37603
|2010= 36372
|2020= 37841
|footnote=Source: US Census Bureau
}}
The land of New Albany was officially granted to the United States after the [[American Revolutionary War]]. The territory had been captured by [[George Rogers Clark]] in 1779. For his services Clark was awarded large tracts of land in Southern Indiana including most of Floyd County. After the war, Clark sold and distributed some of his land to his fellow soldiers. The area of New Albany ended up in the possession of Col. John Paul.

New Albany was founded in July 1813 when three brothers from [[New York (state)|New York]] —Joel, Abner, and Nathaniel Scribner—arrived at the [[Falls of the Ohio]] and named the site after the city of [[Albany, New York]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Kramer |first=Carl E. |editor-first=John E. |editor-last=Kleber |year=2001 |title=The Encyclopedia of Louisville |chapter=New Albany |page=651 |publisher=[[University Press of Kentucky]] |location=[[Lexington, Kentucky]] |isbn=0-8131-2100-0 |oclc=247857447 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |access-date=November 21, 2015 |archive-date=March 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151808/https://books.google.com/books?id=pXbYITw4ZesC |url-status=live }}</ref> They purchased the land from Col. John Paul. New Albany was [[plat]]ted by John Graham on land owned by the Scribner brothers. In 1814, Joel and Mary Scribner built their home in New Albany; the [[Scribner House (New Albany, Indiana)|Scribner House]]<ref>Today the house is owned by the local chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution</ref> still stands today.

New Albany was incorporated as a town in 1817 as part of [[Clark County, Indiana|Clark County]]. In 1819, three years after Indiana was admitted as a state, New Albany became the seat of government for newly established [[Floyd County, Indiana|Floyd County]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunnysideoflouisville.org/history/newalbany.htm |title=The History of New Albany |date=July 25, 2009 |access-date=November 19, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725102716/http://www.sunnysideoflouisville.org/history/newalbany.htm |archive-date=July 25, 2009 }}</ref> A courthouse was finally built in 1824.

New Albany grew rapidly and was the largest city in Indiana from 1816 until 1860, when it was overtaken by [[Indianapolis]]. Before the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], over half of Hoosiers worth over $100,000 (~${{Format price|{{Inflation|index=US-GDP|value=100000|start_year=1938}}}} in {{Inflation/year|US-GDP}}) lived in New Albany,<ref>Miller, Harold,  "Industrial Development of New Albany, Indiana", ''Economic Geography'', January 1938, p.48</ref> making it by far the wealthiest part of the state. The steamboat industry was the engine of the city's economy during the mid-19th century. Fueled by abundant forests for lumber, at least a half-dozen shipbuilders were in operation and turned out a multitude of steamboats and packet boats, including the ''[[Robert E. Lee (steamboat)|Robert E. Lee]]'', ''[[Eliza Battle]]'', the ''Eclipse'', and the ''A.A. Shotwell''. Shipbuilding was accompanied by a wide range of ancillary business including machine shops, foundries, cabinet and furniture factories, and silversmith shops. Its second largest business was the American Plate Glass Works.

In 1847, the city was connected to the port at [[Michigan City, Indiana]] on [[Lake Michigan]] via the Monon railroad. In 1853, the [[New Albany High School (Indiana)|New Albany High School]] opened, the first public high school in the state. The original school was built at the corner of West First Street and Spring Street. New Albany would also be the first in the state to create a consolidated school district several years later.

Ashbel P. Willard, governor of the state of Indiana, dedicated the Floyd County Fairgrounds in 1859. That year, the [[Indiana State Fair]] was held in New Albany. During the Civil War, the fairgrounds were converted to become Camp Noble and used as a muster point for the area's regiments.

===Civil War===
During the [[American Civil War]], New Albany served as both a supply center for Union troops and as a medical care center for wounded soldiers. Up to 1,500 wounded soldiers were treated in New Albany during the war, and many non-medical buildings were converted into makeshift hospitals. 
In 1862, [[Abraham Lincoln]] established one of the first seven [[United States national cemetery|national cemeteries]] in [[New Albany National Cemetery|New Albany]] for burying the many war dead. Despite the ongoing war, a new courthouse was built in 1865, which was used until the 1960s, when the current City-County courthouse was constructed, also the first in Indiana.

[[File:Downtown New Albany.jpg|thumb|left|Downtown New Albany The 160 feet tall [[Town Clock Church]] was built in 1852 as a stop on the Underground Railroad.]]

The [[Town Clock Church]], now the Second Baptist Church, was used as the New Albany stop in the [[Underground Railroad]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.historicnewalbany.com/content.asp?q_areaprimaryid=4 |title=Historic New Albany |publisher=Historic New Albany |access-date=November 19, 2013 |archive-date=March 12, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100312014429/http://www.historicnewalbany.com/content.asp?q_areaprimaryid=4 |url-status=live }}</ref> The original steeple was destroyed by a lightning strike in 1915, and a new replica steeple was not completed until 101 years later in 2016.

[[File:NACemetery.jpg|thumb|left|[[New Albany National Cemetery]] opened in 1862]]

During the Civil War, New Albany businesses were boycotted by Confederates because it was in a Union state and by the North because it was considered too friendly to the South. Indianapolis overtook New Albany as Indiana's largest city in 1860, and across the river, Louisville's population grew much faster. New Albany never regained its original stature. The once robust steamboat industry ended by 1870, with the last steamboat built in New Albany named, appropriately, the ''[[Robert E. Lee (steamboat)|Robert E. Lee]]''.

During the second half of the 19th century, New Albany experienced an industrial boom despite the collapse of the steamboat industry. The advent of railroads created economic opportunity for the city as a pork packing and locomotive repair center. A bridge was built across the [[Ohio River]] in 1886, providing a rail and road connection with Kentucky. American Plate Glass Works opened in 1865 and employed as many as 2,000 workers. When the factory relocated in 1893, New Albany lost a large part of its population and went into economic decline.

===20th century===
[[File:New Albany Riverfront.jpg|thumb|New Albany Riverfront with Sherman Minton Bridge]]
In the early 20th century, New Albany became a center of plywood and veneer manufacturing, and its largest employer was the New Albany Veneering Company. By 1920, New Albany was the largest producer of plywood and veneer in the world, with other producers including Indiana Veneer Panel Company and Hoosier Panel Company.

On March 23, 1917, a [[March 1917 tornado outbreak|tornado]] struck the north side of New Albany, killing at least 46 people.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.in.gov/history/markers/522.htm | title=NEW ALBANY TORNADO, 1917 | publisher=IN.gov | access-date=April 19, 2015 | archive-date=April 19, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419082550/http://www.in.gov/history/markers/522.htm | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Grazulis |first1=Thomas P. |title=Significant tornadoes, 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events |date=1993 |publisher=Environmental Films |location=St. Johnsbury, Vermont |isbn=1-879362-03-1 |pages=1129, 1147}}</ref>

[[Interstate 64]] was built through New Albany in 1961 and led to the construction of the [[Sherman Minton Bridge]]. The project cost $14.8 million. The bridge was named for U.S. Senator and later U.S. Supreme Court Justice [[Sherman Minton]], who was a native of nearby [[Georgetown, Floyd County, Indiana|Georgetown]] and practiced law in New Albany. The bridge was named the "most beautiful long-span bridge of 1961" by the [[American Institute of Steel Construction]].

====Education innovation====
[[Charles A. Prosser]] lived in New Albany for much of his life. [[Charles Allen Prosser School of Technology]] was named in honor of his accomplishments as the "father of [[vocational education]]."
In the mid and late 20th century, New Albany became an innovator in using electronic media in education. New Albany High School, a public school, started WNAS-FM in 1949, which is the nation's oldest continuously operating [[high school radio]] station. In the late 1960s, Slate Run Elementary School started WSRS, a non-licensed student-produced closed-circuit television service for its classrooms, one of the nation's first in an elementary school.

====Ohio River flood====
{{Main | Ohio River flood of 1937}}

In January 1937, a major flood struck the region. New Albany, like the other river towns, had no flood walls and no methods of regulating the river. The [[Ohio River]] rose to 60.8 feet at New Albany, leaving most of the town under 10 or more feet of water for nearly three weeks. The flood was the worst disaster to befall the city.

After the flood, New Albany was the first city in the region to begin construction on massive flood walls around the city. New Albany's flood walls served as examples for those constructed around Louisville and Clark County.