Editing Necker cube (section)

==Ambiguity==
{{see also|Ambiguity#Visual art}}
The Necker cube is an [[ambiguous]] drawing.

[[Image:Necker cube and impossible cube.svg|frame|Necker cube on the left, impossible cube on the right]]
Each part of the picture is ambiguous by itself, yet the human visual system picks an interpretation of each part that makes the whole consistent. The Necker cube is sometimes used to test computer models of the human visual system to see whether they can arrive at consistent interpretations of the image the same way humans do.

Humans do not usually see an inconsistent interpretation of the cube.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} A cube whose edges cross in an inconsistent way is an example of an [[impossible object]], specifically an [[impossible cube]].

With the cube on the left, most people see the lower-left face as being in front most of the time. This is possibly because people view objects from above, with the top side visible, far more often than from below, with the bottom visible, so the brain "prefers" the interpretation that the cube is viewed from above.{{sfn|Troje|McAdam|2010}}{{sfn|Ward|Scholl|2015|p=931}}{{sfn|Khan|Crawford|2001}}

There is evidence that by focusing on different parts of the figure, one can force a more stable perception of the cube. The intersection of the two faces that are parallel to the observer forms a rectangle, and the lines that converge on the square form a "y-junction" at the two diagonally opposite sides. If an observer focuses on the upper "y-junction" the lower left face will appear to be in front. The upper right face will appear to be in front if the eyes focus on the lower junction.{{sfn|Einhäuser|Martin|König|2004}} Blinking while being on the second perception will probably cause you to switch to the first one.
[[Image:2 necker cubes.svg|300px|thumb|This is an example of two identical Necker cubes, the one on the left showing an intermediate object (blue bar) going in "down from the top" while the one on the right shows the object going in "up from the bottom" which shows how the image can change its perspective simply by changing which face (front or back) appears behind the intervening object.]]

It is possible to cause the switch to occur by focusing on different parts of the cube. If one sees the first interpretation on the right it is possible to cause a switch to the second by focusing on the base of the cube until the switch occurs to the second interpretation. Similarly, if one is viewing the second interpretation, focusing on the left side of the cube may cause a switch to the first.

The Necker cube has shed light on the human visual system.{{sfn|Ward|Scholl|2015}} The phenomenon has served as evidence of the [[human brain]] being a [[Biological neural network|neural network]] with two distinct equally possible interchangeable stable states.{{sfn|Marr|1982}} [[Sidney Bradford]], [[blindness|blind]] from the age of ten months but regaining his sight following an operation at age 52, did not perceive the ambiguity that normal-sighted observers do, but rather perceived only a flat image.{{sfn|Gregory|2004}}{{sfn|Troje|McAdam|2010}}

During the 1970s, undergraduates in the Psychology Department of City University, London, were provided with assignments to measure their Introversion-Extroversion orientations by the time it took for them to switch between the Front and Back perceptions of the Necker Cube.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lindauer |first1=Martin S. |last2=Reukauf |first2=Lynn C. |date=1971 |title=Introversion-extraversion and figure-ground perception. |url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/h0031103 |journal=Journal of Personality and Social Psychology |language=en |volume=19 |issue=1 |pages=107–113 |doi=10.1037/h0031103 |pmid=5558334 |issn=1939-1315}}</ref>