Editing National Socialist black metal (section)

==Black metal==
{{Main|Black metal}}
Black metal originated in the 1980s from the work of [[thrash metal]] bands such as [[Venom (band)|Venom]] (whose 1982 album ''[[Black Metal (Venom album)|Black Metal]]'' coined the term), [[Mercyful Fate]], [[Bathory (band)|Bathory]], [[Slayer]], [[Hellhammer]], [[Celtic Frost]], and [[Sodom (band)|Sodom]].<ref name="Stylus Magazine" /><ref name=":8" /><ref>Moynihan & Soderlind, 2009, p. 10</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite book|last1=Venkatesh|first1=Vivek|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwSXBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA368|title=Educational, Psychological, and Behavioral Considerations in Niche Online Communities|last2=Podoshen|first2=Jeffrey S.|last3=Perri|first3=David|last4=Urbaniak|first4=Kathryn|date=2014-02-28|publisher=[[IGI Global]]|isbn=978-1-4666-5207-1|editor-last=Venkatesh|editor-first=Vivek|location=Hershey|pages=368|language=en|chapter=21: From Pride and Prejudice to Shame: Multiple Facets of the Black Metal Scene within and without Online Environments|editor-last2=Wallin|editor-first2=Jason|editor-last3=Castro|editor-first3=Juan Carlos|editor-last4=Lewis|editor-first4=Jason Edward}}</ref> These bands did not form a scene of their own, nor did they have a common musical style.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Campion|first=Chris|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/feb/20/popandrock4|title=Chris Campion on metal's maddest: Mayhem|date=2005-02-20|work=[[The Observer]]|access-date=2020-04-10|language=en-GB|issn=0029-7712}}</ref> A lyrical focus that is anti-Christian, Satanist, [[Modern Paganism|neopagan]], or a combination thereof, is often considered a prerequisite for the genre, and originally the term "black metal" was synonymous with "Satanic metal".<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.chroniclesofchaos.com/articles.aspx?id=6-668|title=CoC : Rant : Black Metal: A Brief Guide|last=Kalis|first=Quentin|date=August 31, 2004|website=[[Chronicles of Chaos (webzine)|Chronicles of Chaos]]|access-date=2020-04-10}}</ref><ref name=":10" /><ref>{{Cite book|last1=Hawkins|first1=Stan|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avjCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA193|title=The Bloomsbury Handbook of Popular Music and Social Class|last2=Nielsen|first2=Nina|publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]]|year=2020|isbn=9781501345388|editor-last=Peddie|editor-first=Ian|location=London|pages=193|chapter=Gaahl - Monster or Postmodern Prometheus? Masculinity, Class, and Norwegian Black Metal}}</ref> A stricter definition still requires Satanism for a band to be classified as black metal. Non-Satanic bands from the same surroundings originally used other terms for their own music, such as [[pagan metal]] or [[Viking metal]]. In the late-1980s and early-1990s, the [[early Norwegian black metal scene]], developed by bands such as [[Mayhem (band)|Mayhem]], [[Thorns (band)|Thorns]], [[Immortal (band)|Immortal]], [[Darkthrone]], [[Burzum]], [[Emperor (Norwegian band)|Emperor]], [[Satyricon (band)|Satyricon]], and [[Ulver]], established a more specific sonic template that came to define Norwegian black metal<ref name="Stylus Magazine" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":10" /> and subsequently a great part of black metal in general, although other styles of black metal, like war metal, still exist. Common traits of Norwegian black metal include a [[Tempo#Beats per minute|fast tempo]],<ref name=":11">Patterson, Dayal, 2013, p. 151</ref> [[blast beat]]s and [[Bass drum#Double bass drum|double-bass drumming]],<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":15">{{Cite book|last=Hagen|first=Ross|url=https://archive.org/details/metalrulesglobeh00wall|url-access=registration|title=Metal Rules the Globe: Heavy Metal Music Around the World|date=2011-12-27|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8223-4733-0|editor-last=Wallach|editor-first=Jeremy|location=Durham, North Carolina|pages=[https://archive.org/details/metalrulesglobeh00wall/page/n192 183]-186|language=en|chapter=Musical Style, Ideology, and Mythology in Norwegian Black Metal|editor-last2=Berger|editor-first2=Harris M.|editor-last3=Greene|editor-first3=Paul D.}}</ref> a thin, [[Screaming (music)#Black metal|shrieking]] vocal style<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /><ref name="metalsucks">{{cite web | url=http://www.metalsucks.net/2012/11/08/vons-satanic-blood-black-black-black-black-no-1/ | title=Von's Satanic Blood: Black Black Black Black No. 1 | publisher=[[MetalSucks]] | date=8 November 2012 | access-date=8 May 2013 | author=O'Hagar, Sammy}}</ref> heavily distorted [[Electric guitar|guitars]] played with [[tremolo picking]] and [[power chord]]s,<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /> either [[Lo-fi music|lo-fi]] or well-produced recordings,<ref name="Stylus Magazine" /><ref name=":8" /><ref name=":10" /> an emphasis on atmosphere,<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> and an "unholy" aesthetic.<ref name=":11" /> Keyboards are sometimes used, as are elements of [[Neoclassical new-age music|neoclassical]], [[Folk music|folk]], and [[ambient music]].<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":15" /> Artists often appear in [[corpse paint]] and adopt pseudonyms. Many black metal artists prefer to be [[Underground music|underground]], inaccessible to the mainstream, and even intentionally push away audiences and demonstrate [[Anti-social behaviour|anti-social behavior]].<ref name=":8" /><ref>Venkatesh; Podoshen; Perri; Urbaniak, 2014, p. 371-372</ref>