Editing Music (section)

== Etymology and terminology ==
[[File:Muses sarcophagus Louvre MR880.jpg|thumb|upright=1.75|In [[Greek mythology]], the nine [[Muse]]s were the inspiration for many creative endeavors, including [[the arts]], and eventually became closely aligned with music specifically.]]

The modern English word '[[wikt:music|music]]' came into use in the 1630s.{{sfn|''Online Etymology Dictionary''|loc=§ para 2}} It is derived from a long line of successive precursors: the [[Old English]] '{{lang|ang|musike}}' of the mid-13th century; the [[Old French]] {{lang|fro|musique}} of the 12th century; and the [[Latin]] {{lang|la|mūsica}}.{{sfn|''Online Etymology Dictionary''|loc=§ para 1}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2003 |title=music |encyclopedia=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology |url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192830982.001.0001/acref-9780192830982-e-9933 |access-date=30 May 2022 |orig-date=1996 |editor-last=Hoad |editor-first=T. F. |isbn=978-0-19-283098-2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530222537/https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192830982.001.0001/acref-9780192830982-e-9933 |archive-date=30 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live}}</ref>{{refn|A now discredited theory held by many medieval thinkers was that 'music' was descended from the Egyptian word ''moys'', meaning water, thought to connect to [[Moses]].{{sfn|Apel|1969|p=548}}|group=n}} The Latin word itself derives from the [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc-Latn|mousiké}} ({{lang|grc-Latn|technē}})—{{wikt-lang|grc|μουσική#Ancient Greek|μουσική}} ({{wikt-lang|grc|τέχνη#Ancient_Greek|τέχνη}})—literally meaning "(art) of the Muses".{{sfn|''Online Etymology Dictionary''|loc=§ para 1}}{{refn|For the further etymological origins, {{lang|grc-Latn|mousiké}} derives from the [[feminine gender|feminine]] form of {{lang|grc-Latn|mousikos}}, which is anything "pertaining to the muses", from the Ancient Greek word for Muse, {{lang|grc-Latn|Mousa}}.{{sfn|''Online Etymology Dictionary''|loc=§ para 1}} There is no agreement on the origins of the word {{lang|grc-Latn|Mousa}},{{sfn|Anderson|Mathiesen|2001|loc=§ para 1}} though see [[Muses#Etymology|''Muses § Etymology'']] for proposed theories.|group=n}} The [[Muses]] were nine [[Deity|deities]] in [[Ancient Greek mythology]] who presided over [[the arts]] and [[science]]s.{{sfn|Murray|2020|pp=13–14}}{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§I "1. Etymology"}} They were included in tales by the earliest Western authors, [[Homer]] and [[Hesiod]],{{sfn|Anderson|Mathiesen|2001|loc=§ para 2}} and eventually came to be associated with music specifically.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§I "1. Etymology"}} Over time, [[Polyhymnia]] would reside over music more prominently than the other muses.{{sfn|Apel|1969|p=548}} The Latin word {{lang|la|musica}} was also the originator for both the Spanish {{lang|es|música}} and French {{lang|fro|musique}} via spelling and linguistic adjustment, though other European terms were probably [[loanword]]s, including the Italian {{lang|it|musica}}, German {{lang|de|Musik}}, Dutch {{lang|nl|muziek}}, Norwegian {{lang|no|musikk}}, Polish {{lang|pl|muzyka}} and Russian {{lang|ru|muzïka}}.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§I "1. Etymology"}}

The modern [[Western world]] usually defines music as an all-encompassing term used to describe diverse genres, styles, and traditions.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§II "1. Contemporary Western culture"}} This is not the case worldwide, and languages such as modern Indonesian (''{{lang|id|musik}}'') and [[Shona language|Shona]] (''{{lang|sn|musakazo}}'') have recently adopted words to reflect this universal conception, as they did not have words that fit exactly the Western scope.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§I "1. Etymology"}} Before Western contact in [[East Asia]], neither Japan nor China had a single word that encompasses music in a broad sense, but culturally, they often regarded music in such a fashion.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§II "2. East Asia"}} The closest word to mean music in [[Chinese language|Chinese]], {{transliteration|zh|yue}}, shares a character with {{transliteration|zh|le}}, meaning joy, and originally referred to all the arts before narrowing in meaning.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§II "2. East Asia"}} Africa is too diverse to make firm generalizations, but the musicologist [[J. H. Kwabena Nketia]] has emphasized African music's often inseparable connection to dance and speech in general.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§II "5. Some African cultures"}} Some African cultures, such as the [[Songye people]] of the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] and the [[Tiv people]] of Nigeria, have a strong and broad conception of 'music' but no corresponding word in their native languages.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§II "5. Some African cultures"}} Other words commonly translated as 'music' often have more specific meanings in their respective cultures: the Hindi word for music, ''{{lang|hi-latn|sangita}}'', properly refers to [[art music]],{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§II "4. India"}} while the many [[Indigenous languages of the Americas]] have words for music that refer specifically to song but describe instrumental music regardless.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§II "6. Some Amerindian and Oceanian cultures"}} Though the [[Arabic]] ''{{lang|ar-latn|musiqi}}'' can refer to all music, it is usually used for instrumental and metric music, while ''{{lang|ar-latn|khandan}}'' identifies vocal and improvised music.{{sfn|Nettl|2001|loc=§II "3. Iran and the Middle East"}}