Editing Murray River (section)

== Geography ==
[[File:MurrayBridgeMurrayRiver.JPG|right|thumb|Lower course of the Murray River at [[Murray Bridge, South Australia|Murray Bridge]]]]
[[File:Murray River at Boundary Bend.jpg|right|thumb|The confluence of the Murray River and Murrumbidgee River near the town of Boundary Bend]]
The Murray forms part of the {{convert|3750|km|mi|abbr=on}} long combined [[Murray–Darling basin|Murray–Darling river system]] that drains most of the inland of Victoria, New South Wales and the southern part of Queensland. The Murray carries only a small fraction of the water of comparably sized rivers in other parts of the world, and with great annual variability of its flow. It has dried up completely during extreme [[drought]]s on three occasions since official record-keeping began. More often, a sandbar formed at the mouth and stopped the flow.

The Murray is the border between New South Wales and Victoria – specifically at the top of the left bank (i.e. the Victorian side of the river).<ref>{{Citation | title = Guidelines for the Determination of the State Border between New South Wales and Victoria along the Murray River | author = New South Wales Land and Property Information/Victoria Natural Resources and Environment | year = 1993 | url = http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/104377/NSW-VIC_Border_Determination.pdf | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130926161251/http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/104377/NSW-VIC_Border_Determination.pdf | archive-date = 26 September 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> In a 1980 judgement, the [[High Court of Australia]] ruled on the question as to which state had jurisdiction in the unlawful death of a man who was fishing by the river's edge on the Victorian side of the river.<ref>[https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/cases/cth/HCA/1980/11.html ''Ward v R'' (1980) 142 CLR 308]. Retrieved 6 April 2018</ref> This boundary definition can be ambiguous, since the river changes its course over time, and some of the [[Bank (geography)|river banks]] have been modified.

For {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of the line of [[longitude]] 141°E,<ref group="note">{{coord|34.02189|S|141.00000|E|format=dms}}.</ref> the border is between Victoria and South Australia, in the middle of the river.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/landforms/longest-rivers#heading-1 |title=(Australia's) longest river by state and territory |date=15 May 2014 |publisher=[[Geoscience Australia]] |access-date=11 April 2016}}</ref> The discrepancy was caused during the 1840s, when the border was originally surveyed, by an east–west miscalculation of 3.72&nbsp;kilometres (2.31&nbsp;miles), and led to a long-running [[South Australia–Victoria border dispute|boundary dispute]]. West of this sector,<ref group="note">{{coord|33.98065|S|140.96362|E|format=dms}}</ref> the Murray is entirely within the state of South Australia.

===Major settlements===
Major settlements along the course of the river, from its source to the Southern Ocean, and their populations from the [[2016 Australian census]] are as follows.

{| class="wikitable floatleft" style="margin:0.5em auto; width:40%; center:86%; :1em; :2em; :1em"
! colspan="3"|<br>
|-
! Town !! Population !! Data<br />source
|-
| [[Albury-Wodonga]] ||align=right|89,007||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/1001 |title=2016 census QuickStats: Albury - Wodonga |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316143918/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/1001 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Yarrawonga]]–[[Mulwala]] ||align=right|9,810||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL214020?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Yarrawonga - Mulwala (Yarrawonga Part) |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316143929/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL214020?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL114033?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Yarrawonga - Mulwala (Mulwala Part) |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316143939/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL114033?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Echuca]]–[[Moama]] ||align=right|18,526||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL213006?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Echuca - Moama (Echuca Part) |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316143949/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL213006?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL113004?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Echuca - Moama (Moama Part) |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316143958/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL113004?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Swan Hill]] ||align=right|10,905||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC22393?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Swan Hill |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316144010/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC22393?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Mildura]] and [[Merbein]] ||align=right|35,451||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC21671?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Mildura |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316144020/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC21671?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC21642?opendocument|title=2016 census QuickStats: Merbein |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| [[Renmark, South Australia|Renmark]]–[[Paringa, South Australia|Paringa]] ||align=right|9,475||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/LGA46670?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Renmark Paringa (DC) |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316144042/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/LGA46670?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Berri, South Australia|Berri]] ||align=right|4,088||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC40096?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Berri |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316144053/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC40096?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Loxton, South Australia|Loxton]] ||align=right|4,568||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC40782?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Loxton |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316144103/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC40782?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Waikerie]] ||align=right|1,632||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL415042?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Waikerie |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316144113/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/UCL415042?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|[[Mannum]] ||align=right|1,632||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC40811?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Mannum |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316144122/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC40811?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Murray Bridge, South Australia|Murray Bridge]]||align=right|16,804||<ref>{{cite web |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/2006?opendocument |title=2016 census QuickStats: Murray Bridge |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=27 February 2021 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316144131/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/2006?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|}
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