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==Origins== {{Main|History of wine}} The first record of [[wine]] being spiced and heated can be found in [[Plautus]]' play ''[[Curculio (play)|Curculio]]'', written during the 2nd century BC.<ref name="Fosbroke1835">{{cite book|author=Thomas Dudley Fosbroke|title=A Treatise on the Arts, Manufactures, Manners, and Institutions of the Greeks and Romans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=go7UAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA327|year=1835|publisher=Longmans|page=327}}</ref><ref name="Plautus1829">{{cite book|author=Titus Maccius Plautus|title=M. Accii Plauti Comœdiæ|url=https://archive.org/details/macciiplauticom06plaugoog|year=1829|publisher=Cubrante et imprimente A. J. Valpy|quote="Quos semper videas bibentes esse in Thermopolio: Ubi quid surripuere, operto capitulo calidum bibunt, Tristes atque ebrioli incedunt." Translation: "Those always seem to be drinking in the cafe where you have stolen hiding in hot drink, always gloomy and tipsy." - [[Plautus]], CURCULIONIS ACT. II. The reference to Plautus is given in "History of Rome, and of the Roman people: from its origin to the invasion of the barbarians", Victor Duruy, Estes and Lauriat, 1894, Page 400.}}</ref> The Romans travelled across [[Europe]], conquering much of it and trading with the rest. The legions brought wine and [[viticulture]] with them up to the [[Rhine]] and [[Danube]] rivers and to the [[Scotland|Scottish]] border, along with their recipes.<ref>J. Robinson (ed.). ''The Oxford Companion to Wine'', Third Edition. Oxford University Press, 2006. 589–590.</ref> [[The Forme of Cury]],<ref>Pegge, S., 2007. The Forme of Cury. BiblioLife.</ref> a medieval English cookery book from 1390, which mentioned mulled wine, says: "Pur fait [[Hippocras|Ypocras]] ..." grinding together [[cinnamon]], [[ginger]], [[galangal]], [[cloves]], [[long pepper]], [[nutmeg]], [[marjoram]], [[cardamom]], and [[Aframomum melegueta|grains of paradise]] ("spykenard de Spayn", [[rosemary]] may be substituted). This is mixed with red wine and sugar (form and quantity unstated).{{Citation needed|date=August 2019}}
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