Editing Mountain Lakes, New Jersey (section)

==History==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
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 | image1    = Herbert Hapgood.jpg|thumb|left|25 px|Town founder Herbert Hapgood
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 | caption1  = Town founder Herbert Hapgood
 | image2    = MtnLakes 171Blvd.jpg|thumb|left|25 px|Example of a Hapgood home located on Boulevard
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 | caption2  = Example of a Hapgood home
 | image3    = Mountain Lakes House.JPG|thumb|25 px|Mountain Lakes House
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 | caption3  = Modern home designed to emulate the look of historic Hapgoods
 | image4    = HapgoodHousePlaque.jpg|thumb|25 px|Mountain Lakes Historic Preservation Committee will assist homeowners interested in displaying an historic plaque on their Hapgood Home
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 | caption4  = Historic Hapgood House plaque provided by the Mountain Lakes Historic Preservation}}

Mountain Lakes was originally a planned community, founded in 1910 by Herbert Hapgood. The entire face of the community changed from a wilderness of Dutch and English properties to a planned suburban community of large stucco houses now affectionately known as "Hapgoods." During this single decade, the natural and architectural character of Mountain Lakes was developed. Hapgood was particularly influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, at the height of its popularity in 1910 when he started building.<ref>Westhiven, William. [https://www.dailyrecord.com/story/news/2018/08/11/other-jersey-shores-north-jerseys-lakes/954805002/ "The other Jersey shores: North Jersey's lakes"], ''[[Daily Record (New Jersey)|Daily Record]]'', August 11, 2018. Accessed July 19, 2022. "Upscale Mountain Lakes is known for its distinctive 'Hapgood' homes built by developer Herbert Hapgood beginning in 1910. About 454 of the 500 Hapgoods still stand, constituting one of the largest collections of Craftsman-influenced houses in the world."</ref>

Lawrence W. Luellen, inventor of the [[Dixie Cup]], became the community's first resident when he moved to his new home in March 1911.<ref>Cheslow, Jerry. [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/28/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-mountain-lakes-nj-20-s-community-frozen-time.html "If You're Thinking of Living In/Mountain Lakes, N.J.;A 20's Community Frozen in Time"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 28, 1996. Accessed August 26, 2021. "The first family to move into Mountain Lakes, in 1911, was that of Lawrence W. Luellen, founder of the Lily Paper Cup Company."</ref><ref>[https://mtnlakes.org/Borough/HPIncentives/HDA/2005%20ML%20HDA%20Scanned%20-%20Part%206%20of%208%20(Cont.Sheet,Sec8-Page1%20to%20Sec10-Page2).pdf Mountain Lakes Historic District Statement of Significance], [[National Register of Historic Places]]. Accessed August 26, 2021. "Lawrence W. Luellen and his family became the first residents of Mountain Lakes to live in a Hapgood-built house when, on St. Patrick's Day 1911, they moved to 46 Dartmouth Road."</ref>

The Hapgood model homes were early forerunners of the modern development, but each house was modified to suit individual tastes. To the basic styles of these houses, Hapgood added colonial and craftsman features.  He reversed floor plans, and interchanged architectural details. By the end of 1912, two hundred Hapgood homes were sold and occupied and in 1914 saw the formation of the Mountain Lakes Club. By 1923, approximately six hundred stucco houses were built to meet the overwhelming demand. Mountain Lakes became an independent municipality in 1924.<ref>[https://mtnlakes.org/about-mountain-lakes/our-history/ Our History], Borough of Mountain Lakes. Accessed July 19, 2022.</ref>

The [[United States Navy]]'s Underwater Sound Reference Laboratories was located in Mountain Lakes during [[World War II]].<ref>[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/USN-Act/NJ.html U.S. Naval Activities World War II by State: New Jersey], ibiblio.org. Accessed January 11, 2014.</ref>

Mountain Lakes had a discriminatory "[[Gentlemen's agreement#As a discriminatory tactic|gentleman's agreement]]" from its inception up through the 1960s, preventing African-Americans, Jews, Latinos, Catholics, and other "undesirable groupings"<ref>Hollander, Dave. [https://books.google.com/books?id=0Nf4Eix7UbgC&pg=PA339 ''52 Weeks: Interviews With Champions!''], p. 339. [[Globe Pequot Press]], 2006. {{ISBN|9781599210087}}. Accessed November 13, 2015.</ref> from living there.<ref name="NYThousing">Cahillane, Kevin. [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/06/nyregion/housing-over-the-rainbow-a-melting-pot.html "Housing; Over the Rainbow, a Melting Pot"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', June 6, 2004. Accessed June 2, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://mtnlakes.org/History/Oral/OH.McMillen.Hngln021.1952.htm Historic Preservation Committee On-Line Questionnaire:Abbie McMillen], Borough of Mountain Lakes. Accessed August 3, 2015.</ref><ref>Helmreich, William B. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4oTbp8gv_usC&pg=PA294 ''The Enduring Community: The Jews of Newark and MetroWest''], p. 294. Transaction Publishers, 1999. {{ISBN|9781560003922}}. Accessed August 3, 2015.</ref> While this was abandoned in recent years, the town still has a less diverse population than the rest of New Jersey, or Morris County.<ref name="NYThousing" />

Mountain Lakes is home to historic [[Grimes Homestead (Mountain Lakes, New Jersey)|Grimes Homestead]]; an 18th-century home that served as a way station on the [[Underground Railroad]].<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/underground/nj1.htm "Aboard the Underground Railroad: Grimes Homestead], [[National Park Service]]. Accessed December 20, 2012.</ref>