Editing Mount Allison University (section)

== History ==
Mount Allison traces its roots to 1839 when a Sackville merchant proposed the creation of a school of elementary and higher learning. The university is a secular (but United Church-affiliated) primarily undergraduate liberal arts university, with classes beginning in [[Sackville, New Brunswick]], on January 19, 1843. Mount Allison was named after Charles Frederick Allison, in honour of his gift of land and money.<ref name="Pound 2005">{{cite book |title='Fitzhenry and Whiteside Book of Canadian Facts and Dates' |last=Pound |first=Richard W. |publisher=Fitzhenry and Whiteside |year=2005}}</ref> Its origins were steeped in the [[Methodist]] faith and it was designed to prepare men for the ministry and to supply education for lay members.<ref name=University/> The university was chartered on April 14, 1849.<ref name="Pound 2005"/>

In June 1839, Charles Allison was encouraged by Wesleyan Methodist minister Rev. John Bass Strong that a school of elementary and higher learning be built. Allison offered to purchase a site in Sackville to erect a suitable building for an academy and to contribute operating funds of £100 a year for 10 years. This offer was accepted and the Wesleyan Academy for boys subsequently opened in 1843.<ref>John G. Reid, "ALLISON, CHARLES FREDERICK," in EN:UNDEF:public_citation_publication, vol. 8, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed January 27, 2015, http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/allison_charles_frederick_8E.html.[https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/tlctd10.txt The Project Gutenberg EBook #6466 of 'The Intellectual Development of the Canadian People, A historical review' by John George Bourinot, House of Commons, Ottawa, February 17, 1881]</ref>

[[File:Peter Mansbridge.jpg|thumb|left|Chancellor Emeritus, [[Peter Mansbridge]]]]

In 1854, a women's institution (later known as the "Ladies College") was opened to complement the boys' academy. In 1858 an act of the New Brunswick Legislature authorized the trustees to establish a degree-conferring institution at Sackville, under the name of the Mount Allison Wesleyan College.<ref name="gutenberg.org">{{cite web |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32699/32699-h/32699-h.htm |title=The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Makers of Canada: Index and Dictionary of Canadian History|date=2010}}</ref>

In July 1862, the degree-granting Mount Allison College was organized. The first two students, Howard Sprague and [[Josiah Wood]], graduated in May 1863. 

For nearly a century, Mount Allison functioned as three distinct, mutually enriching parts: the college proper, the Boys' Academy, and the Ladies College. The corporate name was changed to University of Mount Allison College in 1886.<ref name="gutenberg.org" />

The university's affiliation was transferred to the [[United Church of Canada]] following church union in 1925. Original components of the university included: the Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy for Boys (1840–1958), the Ladies' College (1854–1958), and Mount Allison College. Mount Allison College was established in 1862 with degree-granting powers on behalf of the other two.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Music at Mount Allison University |encyclopedia=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] |publisher=[[Historica Canada]] |edition=online |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/mount-allison-university-emc/}}</ref>

[[File:SackvilleFoundersMonument.jpg|thumb|right|220px|The Sackville founders monument commemorates [[Sackville, New Brunswick|Sackville]]'s incorporation and its founding peoples. It was installed on the campus of Mount Allison University in 2003.]]

The governance followed the University of Toronto Act of 1906, establishing a bicameral system with a senate managing academic policy and a board of governors overseeing financial policy and holding authority in other areas. The president, appointed by the board, served as the link between the two bodies and provided institutional leadership..<ref name="University">{{cite encyclopedia |title=University |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia |publisher=Historica Canada |edition=online |first1=P. |last1=Anisef |first2=P. |last2=Axelrod |first3=J. |last3=Lennard |date=July 20, 2015 |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/university}}</ref>

By 1920, Mount Allison University had three faculties: Arts, Theology, and Engineering. It awarded the degrees of [[Bachelor of Arts]] (BA), [[Bachelor of Science]] (BSc), [[Bachelor of Divinity]] (BD), and [[Master of Arts]]. It had 246 male students and 73 female students, as well as 28 academic staff, all male.<ref>Dominion Bureau of Statistics, ''Canada Year Book 1921'', Ottawa, 1922</ref>

In 1941, Mount Allison was the first university in Canada to offer a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] (BFA) degree in visual arts, however the teaching of art at Mount Allison can be traced back to the opening of the Women's Academy in 1854.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Art Education {{!}} The Canadian Encyclopedia |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/art-education |access-date=2023-08-11 |website=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca}}</ref>

The closure of the School for Girls in 1946 and the Boy's Academy in 1953 provided space for Mount Allison University's expansion. In 1958, construction and building acquisitions eased overcrowding. The university reaffirmed its focus on high-quality undergraduate [[Liberal arts college|liberal arts education]] and existing professional programs, opting not to pursue new professional or post-graduate courses.

The policy of university education initiated in the 1960s responded to population pressure and the belief that higher education was a key to social justice and economic productivity for individuals and for society.<ref name=University/> Mount Allison University was established by the Mount Allison University Act, 1993.<ref>[http://www.mta.ca/governance/regents/MTA_act_1993.htm Mount Allison University Act] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230235004/http://mta.ca/governance/regents/MTA_act_1993.htm |date=2010-12-30 }}</ref>

Mount Allison University's arms and badge were registered with the [[Canadian Heraldic Authority]] on November 15, 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.gg.ca/heraldry/pub-reg/project.asp?lang=e&ProjectID=1201|title=Mount Allison University [Civil Institution]|first=The Office of the Secretary to the Governor|last=General|website=archive.gg.ca|date=12 November 2020}}</ref> 

Notable professors at Mount Allison include [[George Stanley]], who designed the [[Flag of Canada|Canadian flag]], known as the "Maple Leaf". Inspired by the Royal Military College of Canada's flag, Stanley's design was chosen and officially adopted on February 15, 1965, now celebrated as [[National Flag of Canada Day]].  American chemist [[James B. Sumner]], who won the 1946 [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], taught and performed research at Mount Allison as a teaching fellow from 1910 to 1911.<ref>{{cite web |title=James B. Sumner - Biographical |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/sumner-bio.html |website=The Nobel Prize}}</ref>