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== History == [[File:Ford Mansion, Morristown, NJ - looking north.jpg|thumb|[[Ford Mansion]], [[George Washington|Washington]]'s headquarters from 1779 to 1780 during the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]]]] [[File:Morristown, New Jersey (1828).jpg|thumb|Morristown in 1828]] [[File:United Methodist Church, Morristown, NJ.jpg|thumb|Morristown United Methodist Church]] Present-day Morristown was initially inhabited by the [[Lenape|Lenni Lenape]] [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] for up to 6,000 years prior to exploration of Europeans.<ref>Nye, Melinda. [http://www.njskylands.com/hsarcheology.htm "Panning for Old"], Skylands Visitor. Accessed December 19, 2012.</ref> The first European settlements in this portion of New Jersey were established by [[Sweden]] and the [[Netherlands]] in the early 17th century, when significant trade in furs existed between the natives and the Europeans at temporary posts. It became part [[New Netherland]], a Dutch colony, but the English seized control of the region in 1664, which was granted to Sir [[George Carteret]] and [[John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton]], and named the [[Province of New Jersey]]. ===18th century=== Morristown was settled around 1715 by English [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterians]] from [[Southold, New York]], on [[Long Island]] and [[New Haven, Connecticut]], as the village of New Hanover.<ref name=Timeline>Staff. [https://archive.today/20130131143144/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/dailyrecord/access/1845613651.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+23,+2000&author=&pub=Daily+Record&desc=MORRISTOWN+TIMELINE&pqatl=google "Morristown Timeline"], ''[[Daily Record (New Jersey)|Daily Record]]'', March 23, 2000. Accessed July 19, 2012. "1715 - The Green is established as the center of the community of Morristown, then known as West Hanover, or New Hanover.... 1740 - Morris County separates from Hunterdon County and about half of the new county becomes the Township of Morris. As the most promising village in the county, West Hanover changes its name to Morristown, in honor of Lewis Morris, the first governor of the colony of New Jersey after it separated from New York."</ref><ref>Cheslow, Jerry. [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/31/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-morristown-nj-presence-past-lively-downtown.html "If You're Thinking of Living In /Morristown, N.J.; Presence of the Past in a Lively Downtown"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', October 31, 1999. Accessed July 19, 2012. "The downtown radiates from a trapezoidal green that was set aside by the town's first Presbyterian settlers, who arrived from New England in 1715."</ref> The town's central location and road connections led to its selection as the seat of the new [[Morris County, New Jersey|Morris County]] shortly after its separation from [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon County]] on March 15, 1739.<ref>Karp, Bob. [https://archive.today/20130131141300/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/dailyrecord/access/1831790191.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+14,+2003&author=&pub=Daily+Record&desc=Arcadia+Publishing&pqatl=google "Arcadia Publishing"], ''[[Daily Record (New Jersey)|Daily Record]]'', January 14, 2003. Accessed July 19, 2012. "Its central location, at the convergence of all the local roads, were one reason Morristown was named the county seat when Morris County was created in 1739, the first courts were held at Jacob Ford's house, and in 1740 he was appointed collector of Morris township."</ref> The village and county were named for [[Lewis Morris (1671-1746)|Lewis Morris]], the first and then sitting [[List of Governors of New Jersey|royal governor]] of a united colony of [[New Jersey]].<ref name=Timeline/> By the middle of the 18th century, Morristown had 250 residents, with two churches, a courthouse, two taverns, two schools, several stores, and numerous mills and farms nearby. [[George Washington]] first came to Morristown in May 1773, two years before the [[American Revolutionary War|Revolutionary War]] broke out, and traveled from there to [[New York City]] with [[John Parke Custis]], his stepson, and [[William Alexander, Lord Stirling|Lord Stirling]].<ref>Editorial. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629022856/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/dailyrecord/access/1838935731.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+03,+2002&author=&pub=Daily+Record&desc=225TH+ANNIVERSARY&pqatl=google "225th Anniversary"], ''[[Daily Record (New Jersey)|Daily Record]]'', January 3, 2002. Accessed February 20, 2011. "He was in Basking Ridge and at Morristown's Mount Kemble with stepson John Parke Custis and patriot Lord Stirling in May of 1773 before the war."</ref> In 1777, General Washington and the [[Continental Army]] marched from the victories at [[Battle of Trenton|Trenton]] and [[Battle of Princeton|Princeton]] to encamp near Morristown from January to May. Washington's headquarters during that first encampment was at [[Arnold's Tavern|Jacob Arnold's Tavern]], located at the [[Morristown Green]] in the center of Morristown.<ref>[http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p13079coll1&CISOPTR=235&CISOBOX=1&REC=8 Jacob Arnold's Tavern], The North Jersey History and Genealogy Center. Accessed July 17, 2011.</ref> Morristown was selected for its extremely strategic location.<ref>[http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/revwar/morr/morroverview.html Why Morristown?], National Park Service Museum Collection, American Revolutionary War, Morristown National Historic Park - map shows the important geographic features that led to the importance of the site and the Hobart Pass.</ref> It was between Philadelphia and New York and near New England while being protected by the [[Watchung Mountains]] from the bulk of [[British Army during the American Revolutionary War|British troops]] camped in New York City. It also was chosen for the skills and trades of the residents, local industries and natural resources to provide arms, and what was thought to be the ability of the community to provide enough food to support the army. The churches were used for [[inoculation]]s for [[smallpox]]. That first headquarters, Arnold's Tavern, was eventually moved {{convert|.5|mi|m}} south of the green onto Mount Kemble Avenue to become [[All Souls' Hospital]] in the late 19th century. It suffered a fire in 1918, and the original structure was demolished, but new buildings for the hospital were built directly across the street.<ref>[http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p13079coll1&CISOPTR=181&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 All Souls Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120715163443/http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p13079coll1&CISOPTR=181&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 |date=July 15, 2012 }}, The North Jersey History and Genealogy Center. Accessed July 17, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.revwar.org/AllSouls.htm Whatever happened to Washington's 1777 HQ in Morristown?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425204410/http://revwar.org/AllSouls.htm |date=April 25, 2005 }}, accessed May 7, 2006.</ref> From December 1779 to June 1780, the Continental Army's second encampment at Morristown was at [[Jockey Hollow]]. Then, Washington's headquarters in Morristown was located at the [[Ford Mansion]], a large mansion near what was then the edge of town. Ford's widow and children shared the house with [[Martha Washington]] and officers of the Continental Army.<ref>Hubbard, Louise. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iVBmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=34ENAAAAIBAJ&dq=ford-mansion%20washington%20widow&pg=2015%2C256367 "Home Was Washington's Base"], ''[[Edmonton Journal]]'', January 3, 1962. Accessed July 19, 2012. "General george Washington accepted Mrs. Theodosia's invitation to make her home his headquarters the winter of 1779-80 and lived there longer than in any other encampment of the Continental army... The widow Ford kept two rooms for her family and Washington expressed the discomfort of the too-many tenants in a letter..."</ref> The winter of 1780 was the worst winter of the Revolutionary War. The starvation was complicated by extreme inflation of money and lack of pay for the army. The entire Pennsylvania contingent successfully mutinied. Later, 200 New Jersey soldiers also attempted unsuccessfully to mutiny.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Flexner |first=James Thomas |date=April 1984 |journal=Washington the Indispensable Man |page=154 }}</ref> Many soldiers died, due to weak health. During Washington's second stay, in March 1780, he declared [[St. Patrick's Day]] a holiday to honor his many [[Irish people|Irish]] troops.<ref>[http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/hh/7/hh7c1.htm The "Hard" Winter of 1779β80] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023123753/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/hh/7/hh7c1.htm |date=October 23, 2012 }}, [[National Park Service]]. Accessed March 17, 2006.</ref> Martha Washington traveled from Virginia and remained with her husband each winter throughout the war. The [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette|Marquis de Lafayette]] came to Washington in Morristown to inform him that France would be sending ships and trained soldiers to aid the Continental Army.<ref>Staff. [https://archive.today/20130201025528/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/courant/access/929527022.html?dids=929527022:929527022&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&type=historic&date=Feb+23,+1963&author=&pub=Hartford+Courant&desc=Continental+Army+Froze,+Starved,+at+Morristown&pqatl=google "Continental Army Froze, Starved, at Morristown"], ''[[Hartford Courant]]'', February 23, 1963. Accessed July 19, 2012. "The Marquis de Lafayette arrived in Morristown to tell Washington that France was sending America six ships and 6,000 well-trained troops."</ref> Ford Mansion, Jockey Hollow, and [[Fort Nonsense (Morristown, New Jersey)|Fort Nonsense]] are all preserved as part of [[Morristown National Historical Park]], managed by the [[National Park Service]], which has the distinction among [[historic preservation]]ists of being the first [[National Historical Park]] established in the United States.<ref>[http://www.njskylands.com/hsmtnhp.htm Northwest Skylands: Morristown National Historical Park], New Jersey Skylands. Accessed September 17, 2006.</ref><ref>[http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p15387coll4/id/211/rec/3 Fort Nonsense taken from Steeple of the Old First church, not dated, Morristown, NJ], Morristown & Morris Township Public Library, The North Jersey History & Genealogy Center. Accessed August 20, 2011.</ref> During Washington's stay, [[Benedict Arnold]] was court-martialed at Dickerson's Tavern, on Spring Street, for charges related to profiteering from military supplies at [[Philadelphia]]. His admonishment was made public, but Washington quietly promised the hero, Arnold, to make it up to him.<ref>[http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p15387coll9&CISOPTR=6&CISOBOX=1&REC=7 Dickerson's Tavern], The North Jersey History and Genealogy Center. Accessed July 17, 2011.</ref> [[Alexander Hamilton]] courted and wed [[Elizabeth Schuyler]] at a residence where Washington's personal physician resided. Locally known as the Schuyler-Hamilton House, the [[Dr. Jabez Campfield House]] is listed on both the New Jersey and [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref>[http://www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/morris.pdf#page=11 New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places - Morris County] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024131210/http://www.state.nj.us/dep/hpo/1identify/nrsr_lists/morris.pdf |date=October 24, 2012 }}, [[New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection]] Historic Preservation Office, updated January 22, 2015. Accessed September 8, 2015.</ref><ref>[http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p13079coll1/id/499/rec/1 Olyphant Place, house, Dr. Jabez Campfield's house, not dated, Morristown, NJ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320153515/http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/singleitem/collection/p13079coll1/id/499/rec/1 |date=March 20, 2012 }}, Morristown & Morris Township Public Library, The North Jersey History & Genealogy Center . Accessed August 20, 2011.</ref> At Morristown Green, there is a statue commemorating the meeting of George Washington, the young [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette|Marquis de LaFayet]]te, and young Alexander Hamilton as they discussed forthcoming aid from [[France|French]] ships and troops being sent by [[Louis XVI|King Louis XVI]] to aid the [[Continental Army]] in the Revolutionary War.<ref>[http://www.revolutionarynj.org/gallery/index.php?galleryID=3 Washington, Lafayette and Hamilton Bronzes - Morristown Green - Morristown, NJ], Crossroads of the American Revolution National Heritage Area. Accessed August 20, 2011. "One of the main focal points on the central Green in Morristown, New Jersey is the life-sized sculptural grouping of General Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and the Marquis de Lafayette, known as "The Alliance." It commemorates Lafayette's arrival with news of French support for the American cause."</ref> Morristown's Burnham Park has a statue, "Father of the American Revolution", depicting [[Thomas Paine]], who wrote ''[[Common Sense (pamphlet)|Common Sense]]'' in 1776, which urged a complete break from [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] rule and helped inspire the [[American Revolution]]. The bronze statue by sculptor [[Georg J. Lober]] shows Paine in 1776 using a drum as a table during the withdrawal of the army across New Jersey composing ''Crisis 1''. He wrote, "These are the times that try men's souls..." The statue was dedicated on July 4, 1950.<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1950/07/05/archives/paine-statue-unveiled-3000-at-morristown-ceremony-in-memory-of.html "Paine Statue Unveiled; 3,000 at Morristown Ceremony in Memory of Patriot"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 5, 1950. Accessed July 24, 2018. "Morristown, N.J., July 4-- While 3,000 persons watched under heavily overcast skies a $75,000 Thomas Paine statue was dedicated this afternoon at Burnham Park."</ref> === 19th century === The idea for constructing the [[Morris Canal]] is credited to Morristown businessman George P. Macculloch, who in 1822 convened a group to discuss his concept for a canal. The group included [[Governor of New Jersey]] [[Isaac Halstead Williamson]], which led to approval of the proposal by the [[New Jersey Legislature]] later that year. The canal was used for a century.<ref>[http://www.morriscanal.org/history.htm A Brief History], Morris Canal Greenway. Accessed August 20, 2011. "George P. Macculloch, a Morristown businessman, must be given the credit for conceiving the idea for the Morris Canal and ultimately carrying it through to completion. In 1822 he brought a group of interested citizens together at Morristown including Governor Isaac Williamson to discuss his idea with them. His proposal was received favorably."</ref> In July 1825 during his [[Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States|15 month return tour of the United States]], the Marquis de Lafayette returned to Morristown, where a ball was held in his honor at the 1807 [[Sansay House]] on DeHart Street (the edifice still stands as of 2011).<ref>[http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p13079coll1&CISOPTR=232&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 Sansay House], The North Jersey History and Genealogy Center. Accessed July 17, 2011.</ref> In 1827, [[St. Peter's Episcopal Church (Morristown, New Jersey)|St. Peter's Episcopal Church]] was founded at the behest of Bishop [[George Washington Doane]] and many prominent Morristown Families, including George P. Macculloch, of the Morris Canal.<ref>[http://njchurchscape.com/Morristown-StPetersEpis.html Morristown - St Peter's], The New Jersey Churchscape. Accessed April 5, 2021</ref> When the Church was rebuilt by the then-internationally famous architectural firm, [[McKim, Mead & White|McKim, Mead and White]], beginning in 1889, the congregation erected one of the United States finest church buildings βa stone, English-gothic church complete with fined stained glass, and a long, decorated interior. [[Antoine le Blanc]], a French immigrant laborer, murdered the Sayre family and their [[History of slavery in New Jersey|servant (or possibly slave)]], Phoebe. He was tried and convicted of murder of the Sayres (but not of Phoebe) on August 13, 1833. On September 6, 1833, Le Blanc became the last person hanged on the Morristown Green. Until late 2006, the house where the murders were committed was known as "Jimmy's Haunt," which is purported to be haunted by Phoebe's ghost because her murder never saw justice. Jimmy's Haunt was torn down to make way for a bank in 2007. [[Samuel F. B. Morse]] and [[Alfred Vail]] built the first [[telegraph]] at the [[Speedwell Ironworks]] in Morristown on January 6, 1838. The first telegraph message was ''A patient waiter is no loser''. The first public demonstration of the invention occurred five days later as an early step toward the [[Information Age]].<ref>[http://www.morrisparks.net/speedwell/home.html Historic Speedwell] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126063129/http://morrisparks.net/speedwell/home.html |date=November 26, 2010 }}, [[Morris County, New Jersey]] Parks Commission. Accessed August 20, 2011. "The most significant building at Historic Speedwell is the Factory, a National Historic Landmark where Stephen Vail's son, Alfred, worked with Samuel F. B. Morse to perfect the telegraph. It was here on January 11, 1838 where the electromagnetic telegraph was first publicly demonstrated - making Historic Speedwell the 'Birthplace of the Telegraph.'"</ref> [[Arnold's Tavern|Jacob Arnold's Tavern]], the first headquarters for Washington in Morristown and site of [[Benedict Arnold]]'s 1780 trial, was purchased by Morristown historian [[Julia Keese Nelson Colles]] (1840-1913) to save it from demolition in 1886. It was moved by horse-power in the winter of 1887 from "the green" (after being stuck on Bank Street for about six weeks) to a site {{convert|0.5|mi}} south on Mount Kemble Avenue at what is now a parking lot for the Atlantic RIMM Rehabilitation Hospital. It became a boarding house for four years until it was converted by the [[Grey Nuns]] from [[Montreal]] into [[All Souls' Hospital]], the first general hospital in Morris County.<ref>[http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p13079coll1&CISOPTR=191&CISOBOX=1&REC=5 All Soul's Hospital] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804065606/http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p13079coll1&CISOPTR=191&CISOBOX=1&REC=5 |date=August 4, 2020 }}, North Jersey History and Genealogy Center. Accessed July 17, 2011.</ref> George and Martha Washington's second floor ballroom became a chapel and the first floor tavern became a ward for patients. In 1910, the late [[Augustus Lefebvre Revere]] (brother of hospital founder [[Paul Revere (lawyer)|Paul Revere]]) willed the Hospital $10,000 to be used for the erection of a new building.<ref name=":422">Undated newspaper clipping, βMr. Revere's Bequests.β Fosterfields cabinet, Subject Research Files: Paul & Augustus Revere.</ref> This fund was used 8 years later when the original Arnold's Tavern building was lost to a fire.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |last=Morris County Historical Society at Acorn Hall |title=Social media post about All Souls' Hospital by Morris County Historical Society at Acorn Hall |url=https://www.facebook.com/MCHSAcornHall/photos/a.391186392108/10154718747997109/ |access-date=October 22, 2022 |website=www.facebook.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>[http://cdm15387.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p13079coll1&CISOPTR=183&CISOBOX=1&REC=4 All Soul's Hospital after 1918 fire], North Jersey History and Genealogy Center. Accessed July 17, 2011.</ref> The entire organization, nurses, doctors, and patients of All Souls' Hospital were then moved across Mount Kemble Avenue, [[U.S. Route 202]], to the newly built brick hospital building.<ref name=":422" /> All Souls' was set to close because of financial difficulties in the late 1960s. In 1973, it became Community Medical Center. In 1977, the center became bankrupt and was purchased by the then new and larger Morristown Memorial Hospital, which is now the [[Morristown Medical Center]].<ref>Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/01/nyregion/recycling-a-hospital-that-was-underused.html?&pagewanted=all "'Recycling' a Hospital that was Underused], ''[[The New York Times]]'', December 1, 1985. Accessed September 18, 2009.</ref> On December 18, 1843, the Bethel [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] was incorporated. This was the first congregation established by blacks in Morris County. It is still active. The first site of the Church was located at 13 Spring Street and served as the only schoolhouse for colored children until 1870. The Church relocated to its present site at 59 Spring Street in 1874.<ref>Friedman, Alan. [https://archive.today/20130131144339/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/dailyrecord/access/1754894701.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+18,+2006&author=ALAN+FRIEDMAN&pub=Daily+Record&desc=Church+full+of+'ordinary+people'&pqatl=google "Church full of 'ordinary people'"], ''[[Daily Record (New Jersey)|Daily Record]]'', October 18, 2006. Accessed December 17, 2012. "According to county records, in 1843 the Bethel Mite Society received a certificate of incorporation for the church, which was recorded under the name of 'The African Methodist Episcopal Church of Morristown."</ref><ref>Staff. [https://archive.today/20130131140936/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/dailyrecord/access/1804498181.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+17,+2004&author=&pub=Daily+Record&desc=Coming+back+home+again&pqatl=google "Coming back home again; Morristown High grad will lead choir in concert at Bethel A.M.E. Church"], ''[[Daily Record (New Jersey)|Daily Record]]'', June 17, 2004. Accessed December 17, 2012. "Sandra Singleton Barnhardt, a 1969 graduate of Morristown High School, will come home to Bethel A.M.E. Church, the oldest black church in Morris County, to host a benefit Saturday beginning at 6 p.m."</ref> The first Jews moved to Morristown in the 1850s, but much larger numbers of [[Ashkenazi Jews]] migrated to the region from Eastern Europe in the 1890s, which led to the incorporation of the [[Morristown Jewish Center]] in 1899.<ref>[https://www.mjcby.org/who-we-are/history/early-jewish-history-in-morristown/ "Early Jewish History in Morristown" ''MJCBY.org''] (Accessed December 17, 2021)</ref><ref>Garber, Phil [https://www.newjerseyhills.com/jewish-history-in-morris-and-sussex-is-traced/article_0f069667-0681-56f5-a51b-20c84fa4c059.ahtml "Jewish history in Morris and Sussex is traced" ''New Jersey Hills Media Group'' Feb. 12, 2004] Accessed December 3, 2021.</ref> Today there are several Jewish synagogues in Morristown reflecting the diversity of the community.{{Example needed|date=December 2022}} In the 1880s, the town's residents were primarily farmers. The small amount of stores in the Morristown Green town center were only open during the evening to accommodate farmers who did not leave their work during the daytime. There were only a few stores in town, including [[Adams & Fairchild]] grocers and [[Philip H. Hoffman|P. H. Hoffman & Son]] clothiers, both located in the [[Arnold's Tavern]] on the Morristown Green.<ref name=":2">Foster, Caroline. "Oral History Caroline Morristown," November 9, 1967. Interview conducted by Clayton Smith. Available from the Morris County Park Commission archives at Historic Sites\FosterFields\Oral Histories.</ref> === Gilded Age of Morristown === {{Expand section|date=January 2023}} {{Distinguish|Gilded Age|text=America's [[Gilded Age]], extending roughly from 1870 to 1900}} [[File:OAK DELL, MORRISTOWN, MORRIS COUNTY.jpg|thumb|[[Oak Dell]] in Morristown, known as "Millionaries Row"]] Starting in the mid-1800s, Morristown became a popular summer retreat for some of New York City's wealthiest residents.<ref>Huhn, Erich Morgan.[https://scholarship.shu.edu/dissertations/2488 ''Power and Prestige: Progressive Membership in Morristown, New Jersey''], [[Seton Hall University]] Dissertations and Theses (ETDs), 2018. Accessed February 22, 2022.</ref> From the 1870s onwards, immense estates were built up along once rural thoroughfares; Madison Avenue, which runs along Morristown and [[Madison, New Jersey]], became known as "the street of the 100 millionaires" due to the sheer extravagance of the houses that were constructed.<ref>Kaschewski, Marjorie. ''The Quiet Millionaires (The Morris County That Was)'' (Morristown, NJ: Morris Countyβs Daily Record, 1970), pg 4.</ref> Between 1880 and 1929, the Gilded Age of Morristown occurred, when dozens of "millionaires with large fortunes built their estates" in Morristown and Morris Township.<ref name=":0">[https://www.morristwp.com/DocumentCenter/View/279/HISTORY_MORRIS_TOWNSHIP Overview: Township of Morris], Morris Township. Accessed December 8, 2022.</ref> In the [[1880 United States census]], the town had 5,418 residents, which grew to 8,156 in 1890.<ref name="Census1890" /> In 1889,<ref name=":32">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ic8wAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Market+Street+Mission%22+%22morristown%22&pg=PA239 |title=A History of Morris County, New Jersey: Embracing Upwards of Two Centuries, 1710-1913 ... |date=1914 |publisher=Lewis Historical Publishing Company |pages=239β240 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2DdKAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22market+street+mission%22+%22morristown%22&pg=PA491 |title=Continent |date=1914 |publisher=McCormick Publishing Company |language=en}}</ref> Christian charity organization [[Market Street Mission]] was established on 9 Market Street beside the [[Morristown Green]] in response to the large number of saloons on Market Street. Beginning on March 18, 1889, the Mission hosted nightly meetings to aid and convert those with alcoholism, opioid use, and homelessness.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.marketstreet.org/ |access-date=November 21, 2022 |website=Market Street Mission |language=en-US}}</ref> As of 2022, the organization continues to operate a homeless shelter, meals, and emergency services, along with men's [[drug addiction recovery groups]], community counseling, a chapel, and a [[Charity shop|thrift store]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adams |first=Dr Theresa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AvVGnhx5WYYC&dq=%22market+street+mission%22+%22morristown%22&pg=PA256 |title=Parents as Leaders: Strategies for Great Parenting Leadership |date=January 28, 2009 |publisher=Xlibris Corporation |isbn=978-1-4653-1902-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" /> [[Morris Township, New Jersey|Morris Township]] describes the influx of millionaires to the area:<blockquote>By 1896, an estimated 54 millionaires lived in the Morristown area, with a total wealth of $289,000,000, which [circa 2009] would be worth billions of dollars. Six years later in 1902, there were at least 91 millionaires.<ref name=":0" /></blockquote>This included New York warehouse and grain broker Charles Grant Foster, who bought the farm estate and mansion of [[Union Army]] general [[Joseph Warren Revere (general)|Joseph Warren Revere]] in 1881.<ref name=":04">{{Cite book |last1=Barbara |first1=Hoskins |title=Washington Valley, an informal history |last2=Foster |first2=Caroline |last3=Roberts |first3=Dorothea |last4=Foster |first4=Gladys |date=1960 |publisher=Edward Brothers |oclc=28817174}}</ref> This became [[Fosterfields]], a [[Jersey cattle|Jersey cow]] farm. It was later managed by [[Caroline Rose Foster]], though most of its herd was sold in a 1927 auction. In 1979 it was donated to the [[Morris County Park Commission]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nadzeika |first=Bonnie-Lynn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t88vrKPxLPgC&dq=caroline+foster+1979&pg=PA21 |title=Morristown |date=2012 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-9280-0 |language=en |access-date=May 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520144257/https://books.google.com/books?id=t88vrKPxLPgC&dq=caroline+foster+1979&pg=PA21 |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Fosterfields |url=http://www.usgenwebsites.org/NJMorris/general_info/fosterfields.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520144257/http://www.usgenwebsites.org/NJMorris/general_info/fosterfields.htm |archive-date=May 20, 2022 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=www.usgenwebsites.org}}</ref> The site currently houses a living history museum and Revere's historic house.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Press |first=Independent |date=August 26, 2012 |title=Tour The Willows in Morristown |url=https://www.nj.com/independentpress/2012/08/tour_the_willows_in_morristown.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220325123953/https://www.nj.com/independentpress/2012/08/tour_the_willows_in_morristown.html |archive-date=March 25, 2022 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=nj |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Fosterfields Living Historical Farm {{!}} Morris County Parks |url=https://www.morrisparks.net/index.php/parks/fosterfields |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121025355/https://www.morrisparks.net/index.php/parks/fosterfields |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |access-date=May 16, 2022 |website=www.morrisparks.net}}</ref> In 1902, the ''[[New York Herald]]'' described Morristown as "the Millionaire City of the Nation." The ''Herald'' claimed it "contains the richest and least known colony of wealthy people in the world." It identified 45 millionaires (15 of whom were worth over $10 million) who had purchased country homes in Morristown to avoid "lavish display" and seek "freedom from notoriety." The newspaper named some of them including lawyer [[George Griswold Frelinghuysen]], carpet-making heir [[Eugene Higgins]], banker [[Otto Hermann Kahn]], [[Luther Kountze]], and [[Louis A. Thebaud]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Cavanaugh |first=Cam |title=In Lights and Shadows |publisher=The Joint Free Public Library of Morristown and Morris Township |pages=158}}</ref> [[File:Thorne Mansion, Normandy Heights, Morris Township, NJ.jpg|thumb|[[William V.S. Thorne|Thorne Mansion]], built in 1912, houses the Morristown Unitarian Universalist Fellowship<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guter |first=Robert |date=1978-05-10 |title=NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM: Thorne & Eddy Estates |url=https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/1aa32e8f-95ff-4690-ab8c-c6c49f543621 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320033823/https://npgallery.nps.gov/GetAsset/1aa32e8f-95ff-4690-ab8c-c6c49f543621/ |archive-date=2020-03-20 |website=npgallery.nps.gov |publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref>]] Even smaller estates without deer herds, [[Polo Fields|polo fields]] or private gas plants necessitated "multiple indoor and outdoor employees" such as "butlers, housekeeprs, parlor-maids and upstairs maids; governesses, nannies, and tutors; cooks and kitchen maids, coachmen, grooms, and stable boys; managers, care-takers, watchmen; gardeners and assistants."<ref name=":5" /> The Gilded Age of Morristown ended in 1929, due to the "high cost of maintaining the estates, increasing income taxes, and [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|the stock market crash]]" that led to the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]]. The Morris Township reports, "Many of the mansions were closed or sold, and some burned."<ref name=":0" /> ===20th century=== [[File:Morris Frank and Buddy 01.jpg|thumb|[[Morris Frank]], the founder of [[The Seeing Eye]], with Buddy]] Since 1929, more than 16,000 [[guide dog]]s for the blind from [[The Seeing Eye|The Seeing Eye, Inc.]], the oldest such school in the U.S., have been trained on the streets of Morristown.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=November 6, 2018|title=A Final Proving Ground for Guide Dogs to the Blind: Midtown Manhattan|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/nyregion/guide-dogs-blind.html|access-date=November 15, 2021|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Seeing Eye β Morris Tourism|url=https://www.morristourism.org/directory/the-seeing-eye/|access-date=November 15, 2021|website=Morris Tourism|language=en-US}}</ref> [[File:Macculloch Hall, Morristown, NJ.jpg|thumb|Macculloch Hall, built 1810 by George P. Macculloch]] ===21st century=== On January 5, 2009, five red lights were spotted in the Morristown area night skies, who gained significant press coverage and 9-1-1 calls.<ref name="strange12">{{cite web |date=January 6, 2009 |title=Police Puzzled By Strange Lights Over Morris County - wcbstv.com |url=http://wcbstv.com/local/strange.lights.ufo.2.901376.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115210237/http://wcbstv.com/local/strange.lights.ufo.2.901376.html |archive-date=January 15, 2009 |access-date=January 12, 2009 |publisher=wcbstv.com}}</ref><ref name="dailyrecord1">{{cite web |title=Little red lights over Morris raise a big stir, questions | Daily Record | Daily Record |url=http://www.dailyrecord.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2009901080347 |access-date=January 12, 2009 |publisher=Dailyrecord.com}}{{dead link|date=February 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=How We Staged a UFO Hoax {{!}} Fakes, Frauds & Scammers | date=July 26, 2021 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cW8RsWNnKg |language=en |access-date=November 21, 2022}}</ref> On April 1, 2009, the perpetrators revealed their hoax by publicizing footage of its creation, which consisted of helium balloons and flares.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 8, 2009 |title=NJ Men Fined $250 for UFO Hoax |url=http://www.livescience.com/3470-nj-men-fined-250-ufo-hoax.html |access-date=April 16, 2018 |website=livescience.com}}</ref><ref name="Star Ledger">{{cite news |last=Sarah Schillaci |date=April 7, 2009 |title=Judge hits Morris County UFO hoaxers with fines, community service |work=[[New Jersey On-Line]] / Star Ledger |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/04/the_two_morris_county_men.html |access-date=June 21, 2013 |archive-date=June 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611150150/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/04/the_two_morris_county_men.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The event became nationally known as the [[Morristown UFO hoax]].<ref>Schillaci, Sarah. [http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/jersey/index.ssf?/base/news-13/123873216749290.xml&coll=1 "2 reveal UFO hoax, but prosecutor for Morris not smiling"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064912/http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/jersey/index.ssf?%2Fbase%2Fnews-13%2F123873216749290.xml&coll=1 |date=March 4, 2016 }}, ''[[The Star-Ledger]]'', April 3, 2009. Accessed August 20, 2011. "Between early January and late February, Russo and Rudy used Duct tape, fishing line, roadside flares and balloons to pull off a hoax that had many in North Jersey wondering whether UFOs were hovering over Morris County."</ref>
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