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Morris County, New Jersey
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==History== <!---please confine history to Morris County only. Related history is edited and reviewed elsewhere---> [[File:Cooper Mill.JPG|thumb|[[Nathan Cooper Gristmill]] in [[Chester Township, New Jersey|Chester Township]]]] [[File:Tempe Wick House, Jockey Hollow, NJ.jpg|thumb|The Wick House at [[Jockey Hollow]]]] ===Etymology=== Morris County was named after Colonel [[Lewis Morris (governor)|Lewis Morris]], governor of New Jersey in 1738β39, the year the county was named.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.co.morris.nj.us/history/history.asp |title=Morris County Web Site β History β The Land Past and Present |publisher=Co.morris.nj.us |access-date=August 9, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822123842/http://co.morris.nj.us/history/history.asp |archive-date=August 22, 2009 }}</ref> ===Paleo-Indians and Native Americans=== The [[Wisconsin Glacier]] covered the northern section of Morris County from about 23,000 BC to 13,000 BC. After the Wisconsin Glacier melted around 13,000 BC, [[Paleo-Indians]] settled the area from the south in search of big and small game as well as plants. The area was first tundra with grasses growing. Rabbits and fox moved into the area from the south. Around the year 1000, the area of Morris County was inhabited by the [[Lenape]] [[native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] prior to the arrival of European settlers. They came from the Mississippi River area. They lived along the rivers, hunted game, and fished in addition to collecting plants and nuts. === Dutch and English colonization === [[Henry Hudson]] explored the [[Hudson River]] area in 1609, and later the Dutch did surveys of the area. From 1611 to 1614, the Dutch established the colony of [[New Netherland]], which claimed territory between the [[40th parallel north|40th]] and [[45th parallel north]], a zone which included northern New Jersey. Dutch forts were established along the Hudson River beginning in 1613. As the years went by, more forts were established to trade with Native Americans. The Native Americans traded furs and food with the Dutch for various goods. In return the Dutch gave the Native Americans metal pots, knives, guns, axes, and blankets. Trading with the Native Americans occurred until 1643 when a series of wars broke out between the Dutch and Native Americans. There were hostile relations between the Dutch and Native Americans between 1643 and 1660. This prevented colonization by the Dutch of the Morris County region which was technically included in their claimed "New Netherland". On August 27, 1664, three English ships approached Fort Amsterdam and the fort was surrendered to the English. The English now controlled New Netherland and Morris County was now under control of the colony of New York. Relations with the Native Americans improved for a while. There was a [[Third Anglo-Dutch War|war with the Dutch]] ten years later. The Dutch re-took control of New Amsterdam but after a year returned it to the English. Relations with the Native Americans and English improved for a while.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars_anglodutch3.html|title=Third Anglo-Dutch War, 1672β1674|website=www.historyofwar.org|access-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref> European settlements began in the early 18th century while the area was known as Hunterdon County. Native Americans were still in the area at that time. Land was purchased from the Native Americans for various things such as blankets, shirts, rum, guns, knives, pots and gunpowder. European colonization began along the Atlantic coast moving inland. The first European settlement in the area today known as Morris County occurred in Pompton Plains by the Dutch in 1695.<ref name=ChooseNewJersey>[http://www.choosenj.com/NewJersey/media/New-Jersey-Media/PDFs/County%20Profiles/Morris/Morris-County_1.pdf Morris County profile]{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Choose: New Jersey. Accessed October 6, 2013.</ref> From 1710 to 1730, various iron mines and forges were established. The first was in Whippany in 1710 and then in Succasunna in 1713. By 1750, nearly all Native Americans had left New Jersey. This was due to land purchases from the Native Americans, diseases that the Native Americans contracted from Europeans, and due to starvation from the [[Little Ice Age]], during which Native American corn crops failed and rivers froze, preventing fishing. Snow storms sent game into semi-hibernation or made them difficult to find. Nut crops such as oak, hickory, beech, walnut, chestnut and butternut failed some years due to late frosts in spring. Many of the Morris County Native Americans went to eastern Canada and others went to the Ohio Valley. The [[Walking Purchase]] in September 1737, prevented Native Americans from going to eastern Pennsylvania. At that time, European settlement grew swiftly as there was now land to be farmed and settled. Morris County was originally part of [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington County]] which had been established in 1694. It then became part of Hunterdon County, which separated from Burlington County in 1714.<ref name=Story/> Morris County was created on March 15, 1739, from portions of [[Hunterdon County, New Jersey|Hunterdon County]].<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. [https://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf ''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606β1968''], Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 191. Accessed January 21, 2013.</ref> The county was named for the Governor of the [[Province of New Jersey]], Colonel [[Lewis Morris (1671-1746)|Lewis Morris]].<ref>[http://www.co.morris.nj.us/history/history.asp The Land Past and Present] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822123842/http://co.morris.nj.us/history/history.asp |date=August 22, 2009 }}, Retrieved on March 22, 2007.</ref> In later years [[Sussex County, New Jersey|Sussex County]] (on June 8, 1753) and, after the revolution, [[Warren County, New Jersey|Warren County]] (on November 20, 1824, from portions of Sussex County) were carved out of what had been the original area of Morris County under English rule.<ref name=Story/> The county was the site of the winter camp of the [[Continental Army]] after the Battles of Trenton and Princeton during the winter of 1777, as well as another winter camp at [[Jockey Hollow]] during an extremely cold winter of 1779β80.<ref>Adams, III, Charles J. [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=20060720&id=mtIvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JqIFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3932,2422309 "Jockey Hollow Was Refuge For Continental Army"], ''[[Reading Eagle]]'', July 20, 2006. Accessed October 6, 2013.</ref> In the 1880s, Dover was the center of [[iron ore]] mining with the 132 mines producing 700,000 tons of ore annually. The mines were mostly worked by [[Cornish people|Cornish miners]], with the bulk of the population in Dover and Port Oram of [[Cornwall|Cornish extraction]]. At that time the Cornish had kept their customs and dialect, were deeply religious and predominantly [[Methodism|Methodist]]s.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Murder Of A Cornish Girl By Her Lover In The United States |work=The Cornishman |issue=209 |date=July 13, 1882 |page=7}}</ref>
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