Editing Morocco (section)

== Etymology and name ==
The [[English language|English]] ''Morocco'' is an [[anglicisation]] of the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] name for the country, {{lang|es|Marruecos}}, derived from the name of the city of [[Marrakesh]], which was the capital of the [[Almoravid dynasty]], the [[Almohad Caliphate]], and the [[Saadian dynasty]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country names |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/country-name#morocco |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=The CIA World Factbook |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207212750/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/country-name#morocco |url-status=live }}</ref> During the Almoravid dynasty, the city of Marrakesh was established under the name of {{lang|tzm-Latn|Tāmurākušt}}, derived from the city's ancient [[Berber languages|Berber]] name of {{lang|tzm-Latn|amūr n Yakuš}} ({{Literally|land/country of God}}).<ref>{{Citation |last=Ghouirgate |first=Mehdi |title=Chapitre VIII. Le calife en son palais: maintenir son rang |date=2020-02-27 |url=http://books.openedition.org/pumi/12060 |work=L’Ordre almohade (1120-1269): Une nouvelle lecture anthropologique |pages=357–402 |access-date=2023-12-09 |series=Tempus |place=Toulouse |publisher=Presses universitaires du Midi |language=fr |isbn=978-2-8107-0867-3 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002162449/https://books.openedition.org/pumi/12060 |url-status=live }}</ref> In English, the first vowel has been changed, likely influenced by the word "Moor".<ref>{{Cite web |title=morocco {{!}} Etymology of morocco by etymonline |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/morocco |access-date=2024-04-29 |website=www.etymonline.com |language=en |archive-date=3 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203085844/https://www.etymonline.com/word/morocco |url-status=live }}</ref>

Historically, the territory has been part of what Muslim geographers referred to as {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Aqṣā|ar|المغرب الأقصى|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأقصى}}, 'the Farthest West [of the Islamic world]' designating roughly the area from [[Tiaret]] to the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]]) in contrast with neighbouring regions of {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Awsaṭ|ar|المغرب الأوسط|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأوسط}}, 'the Middle West': [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]] to [[Béjaïa]]) and {{Ill|al-Maghrib al-Adnā|ar|المغرب الأدنى|italic=y}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب الأدنى}}, 'the Nearest West': [[Alexandria]] to [[Tripoli, Libya|Tripoli]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hareir |first1=Idris El |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qVYT4Kraym0C&pg=PA375 |title=The Spread of Islam Throughout the World |last2=Mbaye |first2=Ravane |date=1 January 2011 |publisher=UNESCO |isbn=978-92-3-104153-2 |language=en}}</ref>

Morocco's modern [[Arabic language|Arabic]] name is {{transliteration|ar|al-Maghrib}} ({{lang|ar|المغرب}}, {{Translation|the land of the sunset; the west}}), with the Kingdom's official Arabic name being {{transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah al-Maghribīyah}} ({{lang|ar|المملكة المغربية}}; {{Translation|the kingdom of sunset/the west}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Maghreb, en arabe Maghrib ou Marhrib (" le Couchant ") |url=https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/Maghreb/131068 |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Encyclopédie Larousse |language=fr |archive-date=22 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230122095454/https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/autre-region/Maghreb/131068 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=Introduction |date=1987 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-maghrib-in-the-islamic-period/introduction/0A276AD37271D71955A8C28E6578F617 |work=A History of the Maghrib in the Islamic Period |pages=1–25 |editor-last=Abun-Nasr |editor-first=Jamil M. |access-date=2023-12-09 |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/cbo9780511608100.003 |isbn=978-0-521-33767-0 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616132301/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/history-of-the-maghrib-in-the-islamic-period/introduction/0A276AD37271D71955A8C28E6578F617 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Maghreb |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Maghreb |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en |archive-date=13 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230913035240/https://www.britannica.com/place/Maghreb |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Turkish language|Turkish]], Morocco is known as {{lang|tr|Fas}}, a name derived from its medieval capital of [[Fes]] which is derived from the Arabic word ''Faʾs'' ({{lang|ar|فأس}}; {{Translation|[[pickaxe]]}}), as the city's founder [[Idris I of Morocco|Idris I ibn Abd Allah]] reputedly used a silver and gold pickaxe to trace the outlines of the city.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |title=Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia |date=2007 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-57607-919-5 |editor-last=Dumper |editor-first=Michael R. T. |page=151 |editor-last2=Stanley |editor-first2=Bruce E. |access-date=10 March 2024 |archive-date=16 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316174542/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Bressolette-2016">{{Cite book |last=Bressolette |first=Henri |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 |title=A la découverte de Fès |publisher=L'Harmattan |year=2016 |isbn=978-2-343-09022-1 |location= |pages= |chapter=Fondation de Fès El Bali par Idriss Ier et Idriss II |access-date=2021-11-17 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720213942/https://books.google.com/books?id=kNzeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PP1 |url-status=live }}</ref> In other parts of the Islamic world, for example in Egyptian and Middle Eastern Arabic literature before the mid-20th century, Morocco was commonly referred to as {{lang|ar-Latn|Murrakush}} ({{lang|ar|مراكش}}).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gershovich |first=Moshe |title=French Military Rule in Morocco |date=12 October 2012 |isbn=9780203044988 |doi=10.4324/9780203044988}}</ref> The term is still used to refer to Morocco today in several [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] languages, including [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Urdu]], and [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]].<ref>{{Cite web |trans-title=Morocco|title=مراکش - معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس |url=https://abadis.ir/fatofa/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=abadis.ir|language=fa}}</ref>

Morocco has also been referred to politically by a variety of terms denoting the [[Sharifism|Sharifi heritage]] of the '[[Alawi dynasty]], such as {{Transliteration|ar|al-Mamlakah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|المملكة الشريفة}}), {{Transliteration|ar|al-Iyālah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|الإيالة الشريفة}}) and {{Transliteration|ar|al-Imbarāṭūriyyah ash-Sharīfah}} ({{Lang|ar|الإمبراطورية الشريفة}}), rendered in French as {{Lang|fr|l'Empire chérifien}} and in English as the 'Sharifian Empire'.<ref>{{Cite book |last=ملين |first=نبيل |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/994641823 |title=فكرة الدستور في المغرب : وثائق ونصوص (19012011) |year=2017 |publisher=Tīl Kīl Mīdiyā |isbn=978-9954-28-764-4 |language=ar |oclc=994641823}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laskier |first=Michael M. |date=1 September 2019 |title=Prelude to Colonialism: Moroccan Muslims and Jews through Western Lenses, 1860–1912 |url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/european-judaism/52/2/ej520209.xml |journal=European Judaism |language=en |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=111–128 |doi=10.3167/ej.2019.520209 |s2cid=203553804 |issn=0014-3006 |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221105195922/https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/european-judaism/52/2/ej520209.xml |url-status=live }}</ref>