Editing Montreal Symphony Orchestra (section)

==History==
Several orchestras were precursor ensembles to the current OSM.  One such orchestra was formed in 1897, which lasted ten years, and another was established in 1930, which lasted eleven.  The current orchestra directly traces its roots back to 1934, when [[Wilfrid Pelletier]] formed an ensemble called '''Les Concerts Symphoniques'''.  This ensemble gave its first concert January 14, 1935, under conductor [[Rosario Bourdon]].  The orchestra acquired its current name in 1954. In the early 1960s, as the Orchestra was preparing to move to new facilities at Place des Arts, patron and prominent Montreal philanthropist, [[John Wilson McConnell]], purchased the 1727 ''[[Laub-Petschnikoff Stradivarius]]'' violin for Calvin Sieb, the Symphony's concertmaster.

[[Image:Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal à Pierrefonds 2.JPG|thumb|left|200px|Outdoor concert of the Montreal Symphony Orchestra with conductor Jean-François Rivest in the borough of [[Pierrefonds-Roxboro]] in August 2008.]]
The orchestra has begun touring and some recording in the 1960s and early 1970s, during the tenures of [[Zubin Mehta]] and [[Franz-Paul Decker]].  During the music directorship of [[Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos]] (1975-1976) the OSM received its first invitation to perform at [[Carnegie Hall]].  However, Frühbeck de Burgos had rejected the composition ''Fleuves'' by [[Gilles Tremblay (composer)|Gilles Tremblay]], which Tremblay had composed for tour performances by the OSM.  In addition, Frühbeck de Burgos was quoted in print in ''La Presse'' as expressing public criticism of selected OSM musicians.  The ensuing controversy led to Frühbeck de Burgos' resignation.  (When Frühbeck de Burgos returned as a guest conductor in 2002, he apologised for his earlier behaviour.)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/obituary-rafael-fruhbeck-de-burgos-played-pivotal-role-with-osm | title=Obituary: Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos played pivotal role with OSM | work=Montreal Gazette | date=2014-06-12 | access-date=2017-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/music/rafael-fruhbeck-de-burgos-former-montreal-orchestra-conductor-dies-at-80/article19115131/ | title=Rafael Fruehbeck de Burgos: Musician until the very end | work=The Globe and Mail | author=Tu Thanh Ha | date=2014-06-11 | access-date=2017-07-01}}</ref>

Conducting dates opened up after Frühbeck de Burgos' departure, and one of the slots went to [[Charles Dutoit]]. Dutoit subsequently became music director of the OSM in 1977. Dutoit had struck a friendship with the London/Decca records producer Ray Minshull, which led to a twenty-year recording partnership with Decca/London.<ref>{{cite book |last=Minshull |first=Ray |title=The first OSM recordings (in brochure for Decca recording 289 458 605-2) |year=1999 |publisher=Decca}}</ref> During this period, Dutoit and the OSM released many recordings and embarked on tours of North America, Europe, Asia, and South America. Most notable among this discography are the recordings of the French repertoire, especially the music of [[Maurice Ravel]], as well as works of Stravinsky and Debussy.  The OSM and Dutoit won various awards for their recordings, including the Grand Prix du Président de la République (France) and the Prix mondial du Disque de Montreux. The OSM won [[Grammy]] awards in 1996 for its recording of [[Hector Berlioz]]' ''[[Les Troyens]]'' and in 2000 for [[Sergei Prokofiev]] and [[Béla Bartók]] piano concerti with [[Martha Argerich]] on [[EMI]]. It has additionally won a number of [[Juno Award]]s and [[Felix Awards]]. The London/Decca recordings ceased in the late 1990s due to market changes in the classical recording industry. 

[[File:Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal avec Octobasse.jpg|thumb|The Montreal Symphony Orchestra after a performance under Kent Nagano. The [[octobass]] can be seen at the far right (tall neck with three tuning pegs).]]
In 1998, OSM musicians took strike action for three weeks that was resolved largely due to the personal relationship between Dutoit and [[Lucien Bouchard]], then the premier of [[Quebec]]. In 2002, Dutoit abruptly resigned as music director, following a long-simmering dispute between Dutoit and the OSM musicians.  Dutoit did not return to the OSM as a guest conductor until 2016.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/charles-dutoit-is-back-to-lead-the-osm-as-a-guest-this-time | title=Charles Dutoit is back to lead the OSM, as a guest this time | work=Montreal Gazette | author=Arthur Kaptainis | date=2016-02-17 | access-date=2017-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/music/charles-dutoit-returns-to-osm-14-years-after-bitter-split/article28741881/ | title=Charles Dutoit returns to OSM 14 years after bitter split | work=The Globe and Mail | author=Robert Everett-Green | date=2016-02-12 | access-date=2017-07-01}}</ref>

Following the departure of Dutoit, [[Jacques Lacombe]] served as principal guest conductor of the OSM, from 2002 to 2006.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.osm.ca/en/conductor-jacques-lacombe-prepares-enthrall-montreal/ | title=Conductor Jacques Lacombe prepares to enthrall Montreal once again | publisher=Montreal Symphony Orchestra | date=22 January 2018 | access-date=2020-11-26}}</ref> In March 2003, the orchestra announced the appointment [[Kent Nagano]] as its new music director, starting in 2006. He gave his first concert in Montreal as music director-designate on 30 March 2005. Later in 2005, the OSM's musicians took industrial action, where this work stoppage lasted five months, ending shortly before Nagano's first scheduled concerts.  With the OSM, Nagano conducted commercial recordings for such labels as ECM New Series and Analekta.  During his tenure, the OSM acquired an [[octobass]], the only orchestra in the world with a functioning octobass.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/montreal-orchestra-octobass-1.3810990 | title=Montreal Symphony Orchestra welcomes rare octobass | work=CBC News | author=Marilla Steuter-Martin | date=2016-10-18 | access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref>  In June 2017, the OSM announced that Nagano is to stand down from as its music director at the close of his current contract, at the end of the 2019–2020 season.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.osm.ca/en/kent-nagano-will-be-passing-the-torch-in-2020/ | title=Kent Nagano will be passing the torch in 2020 | publisher=Montreal Symphony Orchestra | date=29 June 2017 | access-date=2020-11-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://montrealgazette.com/entertainment/music/nagano-has-timed-his-departure-just-right | title=Kent Nagano has timed his departure from the OSM just right | work=Montreal Gazette | author=Arthur Kaptainis | date=2017-06-29 | access-date=2017-07-01}}</ref> Nagano concluded his OSM music directorship at the close of the 2019-2020 season, with the scheduled final concerts of his tenure curtailed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

In 2018, the orchestra toured several Cree and Inuit communities in [[Nord-du-Québec]] to perform ''Chaakapesh: The Trickster's Quest'', an indigenous opera by [[Tomson Highway]] and [[Matthew Ricketts (composer)|Matthew Ricketts]].<ref>Justine Smith, [https://cultmtl.com/2019/12/chaakapesh-review/ "Chaakapesh is an introspective exploration of musical performance"]. ''[[Cult MTL]]'', December 12, 2019.</ref> The tour was documented by [[Roger Frappier]] and Justin Kingsley in the 2019 documentary film ''[[Chaakapesh]]''.<ref>Chris Knight, [https://nationalpost.com/entertainment/movies/chaakapesh-celebrates-creation-and-performance-of-a-cree-opera "Chaakapesh celebrates creation and performance of a Cree opera"]. ''[[National Post]]'', January 30, 2020.</ref>

In 2018, [[Rafael Payare]] first guest-conducted the OSM.  He returned as guest conductor in 2019. In January 2021, the OSM announced the appointment of Payare as its next music director, effective with the 2022-2023 season, with an initial contract of 5 seasons.  He held the title of music director-designate in the 2021-2022 season.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/2021-01-07/rafael-payare-nouveau-maestro-de-l-osm.php | title=Rafael Payare, nouveau maestro de l'OSM | work=La Presse | author=Luc Boulanger | date=2021-01-07 | access-date=2021-01-07}}</ref>

Madeleine Careau has served as chief executive officer of the OSM since February 2000.  Careau is scheduled to stand down from the post in June 2024.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.osm.ca/app/uploads/2024/01/depart-de-madeleine-careau-cheffe-de-la-direction-de-losm.pdf | title=Départ de Madeleine Careau, Cheffe de la direction de l'OSM | publisher=Orchestre symphonique de Montréal | date=29 January 2024 | accessdate=2024-05-24}}</ref>  In May 2024, the OSM announced the appointment of Mélanie La Couture as its next CEO.<ref>{{cite press release | url=https://www.osm.ca/app/uploads/2024/05/une-nouvelle-cheffe-de-la-direction-a-losm-2024-05-22.pdf | title=Mélanie La Couture est nommée cheffe de la direction de l'OSM | publisher=Orchestre symphonique de Montréal | date=22 May 2024 | accessdate=2024-05-24}}</ref>

Additional work by the OSM has included a collaboration with [[Les Cowboys Fringants]] on the 2023 live album ''En concert avec l’Orchestre symphonique de Montréal (sous la direction du chef Simon Leclerc)'', which won the [[Juno Award]] for [[Juno Award for Francophone Album of the Year|Francophone Album of the Year]] at the [[Juno Awards of 2024]].<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cbc.ca/music/junos/juno-awards-2024-full-list-winners-1.7149545 | title=Junos 2024: full list of winners | work=CBC Music | author= | date=2024-03-23 | access-date=2024-05-24}}</ref>