Editing Montenegro (section)

== Etymology ==
Montenegro's ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Montenegro.ogg|ˌ|m|ɒ|n|t|ᵻ|ˈ|n|iː|ɡ|r|oʊ|,_|-|ˈ|n|eɪ|ɡ|r|oʊ|,_|-|ˈ|n|ɛ|ɡ|r|oʊ}} {{respell|MON|tin|E(E)G|roh|,_|-|AY|groh}};<ref name=":4">{{cite EPD|18}}</ref> {{langx|cnr|Crna Gora|italic=yes}}{{efn|name=native name 2|Written identically in [[Bosnian language|Bosnian]], [[Croatian language|Croatian]] and [[Serbian language|Serbian]].}} / {{lang|cnr|Црна Гора}};{{efn|name=native name 3|Written identically in [[Serbian Cyrillic]].}} {{langx|sq|Mali i Zi}})<ref name="Vlada Crne Gore">{{cite web |title=Влада Црне Горе |url=https://www.gov.me/naslovna?alphabet=cyr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514182820/https://www.gov.me/naslovna?alphabet=cyr |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Vlada Crne Gore |language=cnr}}</ref><ref name="Влада Црне Горе">{{cite web |title=Vlada Crne Gore |url=https://www.gov.me/naslovna?alphabet=lat |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513184345/https://www.gov.me/naslovna?alphabet=lat |archive-date=13 May 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Влада Црне Горе |language=cnr}}</ref> English name derives from a [[Venetian language|Venetian]] [[calque]] of the [[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]] phrase "''Crna Gora''", meaning literally "Black Mountain", deriving from the appearance of [[Mount Lovćen]], which was covered in dense evergreen forests.<ref name="visit-montenegro">{{cite web|title=Montenegro History – Part I|url=https://www.visit-montenegro.com/montenegro/history/|website=visit-montenegro.com|access-date=27 June 2018}}</ref> ''Crna Gora'' was mentioned for the first time in [[edict]]s issued by [[Stefan Uroš I]] to the [[Serbian Orthodox]] [[Zeta (crown land)|Zeta]] [[Episcopate]] seat at [[Vranjina island]] in [[Lake Skadar]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 October 2017 |title=Crna Gora: Istorijski razvoj |url=https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/crna-gora/historical-development_me |access-date=6 March 2021 |website=Eurydice – European Commission |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628190256/https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/crna-gora/historical-development_me |url-status=dead}}</ref> It came to denote the majority of contemporary Montenegro in the 15th century.<ref name="Fine532">{{harvnb|Fine|1994|p=532}}</ref>

[[File:Map Byzantine Empire 1045 2000px svg.png|thumb|right|Duklja in the 11th century]]

Modern-day Montenegro was more and more known by that name in the historical period following the fall of the [[Serbian Despotate]] in 1459.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zlatar |first=Zdenko |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ltRWy32dG7oC |title=The Poetics of Slavdom: The Mythopoeic Foundations of Yugoslavia |date=2007 |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection |pages=459 |isbn=978-0-88402-137-7 |language=en}}</ref> Originally, it had referred to only a small strip of land under the rule of the [[Paštrovići]] tribe, but the name eventually came to be used for the wider mountainous region after the [[Crnojević noble family]] took power in [[Upper Zeta]].<ref name=Fine532 /> The aforementioned region became known as ''Stara Crna Gora'' '[[Old Montenegro]]' by the 19th century to distinguish the independent region from the neighbouring Ottoman-occupied Montenegrin territory of ''Brda'' (the "Highlands"). Montenegro further increased its size several times by the 20th century, as the result of wars against the [[Ottoman Empire]], which saw the annexation of [[Old Herzegovina]] and parts of [[Metohija]] and southern [[Raška (region)|Raška]]. Its borders have changed little since then, losing Metohija and gaining the [[Bay of Kotor]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2016 |title=Securitu=y Council |url=https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/s_pv_7760.pdf |access-date=22 April 2025 |website=www.securitycouncilreport.org |language=en }}</ref>

After the second session of the [[AVNOJ]] during [[World War II in Yugoslavia]], the contemporary modern state of Montenegro was founded as the ''Federal State of Montenegro'' ([[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]: Савезна држава Црне Горе / ''Savezna država Crne Gore'') on 15 November 1943 within the Yugoslav Federation by the [[ZAVNOCGB]]. After the war, Montenegro became a republic under its name, the ''[[People's Republic of Montenegro]]'' ([[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]: Народна Република Црна Гора / ''Narodna Republika Crna Gora'') on 29 November 1945. In 1963, it was renamed to the ''[[Socialist Republic of Montenegro]]'' ([[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]: Социјалистичка Република Црна Гора / ''Socijalistička Republika Crna Gora''). As the [[breakup of Yugoslavia]] occurred, the SRCG was renamed to the ''Republic of Montenegro'' ([[Montenegrin language|Montenegrin]]: Република Црна Гора / ''Republika Crna Gora'') on 27 April 1992 within the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] by removing the adjective "socialist" from the republic's title. Since 22 October 2007, a year after its independence, the name of the country became simply known as ''Montenegro''. The country is known as ''Mali i Zi'' (lit. black mountain) in [[Albanians in Montenegro|Albanian]],<ref>''Namenforschung'' / Name Studies / ''Les noms propres''. 1. Halbband, Ernst Eichler, Ladislav Zgusta, Heinrich Löffler, Gerold Hilty, Hugo Steger, p. 718</ref> while it is known as ''Crna Gora'' in Montenegrin, Serbian, [[Bosniaks of Montenegro|Bosnian]], and [[Croats of Montenegro|Croatian]].