Editing Monmouth County, New Jersey (section)

==History==
[[File:Craig House.png|thumb|right|[[Craig House (New Jersey)|Craig House]] at [[Monmouth Battlefield State Park]]]]
[[File:BattleofMonmouth.jpg|thumb|The [[Battle of Monmouth]] was fought on June 28, 1778]]
<!---please confine history to Monmouth County only. Related history is edited and reviewed elsewhere--->
[[File:Allentown Mill, Allentown, NJ.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Allentown Mill]] in [[Allentown, New Jersey|Allentown]]]]

===Etymology===
The naming of Monmouth County has different historical theories. It is thought that the county received its name from the Rhode Island Monmouth Society.<ref name=NamesM>[http://www.getnj.com/origname/orignamem.shtml The Origin of New Jersey Place Names: M], GetNJ.com. Accessed December 15, 2007.</ref><ref>Lippincott III, Bertram. [https://digitalcommons.salve.edu/newporthistory/vol71/iss247/3/ "The Rhode Island Settlers of Monmouth County, New Jersey"], ''Newport History'', Vol. 71 : Issue 247, Article 3. Accessed March 18, 2022. "However, in 1664, about eighty first and second generation Rhode Island settlers were responsible for the establishment and growth of Monmouth County in the Province of East Jersey. The reasons for the settlement of Monmouth County by Rhode Islanders are tied to the mobility of its early settlers and their persistent desire to seek land, opportunity, and freedom of worship."</ref> This is likely, due to many of the county's earliest settlers originating from [[Rhode Island]]. Another plausible theory, is from a suggestion from [[Colonel]] [[Lewis Morris (governor)|Lewis Morris]] that the county should be named after [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]] in [[Wales]], [[Great Britain]]. Other suggestions include that it was named for [[James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth]] (1649–1685), who had many allies among the East Jersey leadership.<ref>[http://co.monmouth.nj.us/page.asp?agency=13&Id=263 How Monmouth County Got Its Name] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080813103700/http://www.co.monmouth.nj.us/page.asp?agency=13 |date=August 13, 2008 }}, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed August 14, 2008.</ref>

===Indigenous history===
{{see also|Lenape people}}
Around the year 1000, the area of Monmouth County began to be inhabited by the [[Lenape]] [[native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] prior to the arrival of European settlers. They came from the Mississippi River area. They lived along the vicinity of the [[Jersey Shore]], the [[Raritan Bay]], the [[Raritan River]] and other areas in the [[northeastern United States]]. The Lenape were a [[hunter-gatherer]] society. They were largely sedentary, changing campsites seasonally. They were prolific hunters of small game and birds. They were also skilled fisherman, and were known to harvest vast amounts of clams from the bays and inlets on the Jersey Shore. They also practiced some agriculture to augment their food supply. During this time, an important crossroad of two major Lenape trails was located in the area of [[Freehold Township, New Jersey|Freehold Township]] in western Monmouth County.<ref name="Pepe, p. 19">Pepe, p. 19.</ref>

=== Colonial era ===
{{see also|Monmouth Tract}}
In 1609, the English navigator, [[Henry Hudson]], and his crew aboard the Dutch vessel ''[[Half Moon (ship)|Half Moon]]'' spotted land in what is now Monmouth County,<ref>{{cite book|last=Salter|first=Edwin|title=History of Monmouth and Ocean Counties|url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofmonmou00salt#page/n33/mode/2up|year=1890|page=5|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324180235/https://archive.org/stream/historyofmonmou00salt#page/n33/mode/2up|archive-date=March 24, 2016}}</ref> most likely off [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]]; however, some historical accounts credit this landing to present-day [[Keansburg, New Jersey|Keansburg]].
Among the first European settlers and majority landowners in the area were Richard and [[Penelope Stout]]. Penelope "miraculously" survived her wounds from a native attack in [[Sandy Hook, New Jersey|Sandy Hook]] and lived to the age of 110.  A group of [[Quaker]] families from [[Long Island]] settled the [[Monmouth Tract]], an early land grant from [[Richard Nicolls]] issued in 1665.{{citation needed|date=May 2014}}  They were followed by a group of Scottish settlers who inhabited [[Freehold Township]] in about 1682–1885, followed several years later by Dutch settlers. As they arrived in this area, they were greeted by Lenape people, who lived in scattered small family bands and developed a largely amicable relationship with the new arrivals.<ref>[http://co.monmouth.nj.us/page.aspx?Id=3806 Freehold Township] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328165211/http://www.co.monmouth.nj.us/page.aspx?Id=3806 |date=March 28, 2012 }}, Monmouth County, New Jersey. Accessed July 12, 2012.</ref> [[Enslaved Africans]] were present in the area from at least 1680, and by 1726 made up 9% of the total population of the county.<ref name=Hodges>Hodges, Graham Russell. [https://books.google.com/books?id=3pN_wSILWZ8C ''Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North: African Americans in Monmouth County, New Jersey, 1665–1865''], p. 32. Madison, WI: Madison House, 1997. {{ISBN|9780945612513}}. Accessed October 7, 2013.</ref>

Monmouth County was established on March 7, 1683, while part of the province of [[East Jersey]]. On October 31, 1693, the county was partitioned into the townships of [[Freehold Township, New Jersey|Freehold]], [[Middletown Township, New Jersey|Middletown]] and [[Shrewsbury Township, New Jersey|Shrewsbury]].<ref name=Story>Snyder, John P. [http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf ''The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605161833/http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/oldpubs/bulletin67.pdf |date=June 5, 2012 }}, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 177. Accessed October 1, 2013.</ref>
{{anchor|Name origin}}

In 1764, the [[Sandy Hook Light]]house was built.

At the June 28, 1778, [[Battle of Monmouth]], near [[Freehold Township, New Jersey|Freehold Township]], General [[George Washington]]'s soldiers battled the British under Sir [[Henry Clinton (American War of Independence)|Henry Clinton]], in the longest land battle of the [[American Revolutionary War]]. At Monmouth the tactics and training from [[Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben]] developed at [[Valley Forge]] during the winter encampment were first implemented on a large scale.<ref>Capuzzo, Jill P. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/18/nyregion/british-beware-monmouth-redux.html "British Beware: Monmouth Redux"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414172249/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/18/nyregion/british-beware-monmouth-redux.html |date=April 14, 2016 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 18, 2003. Accessed April 9, 2012. "The largest land artillery battle of the Revolutionary War, the Battle of Monmouth marked a significant turning point in the colonies' fight against the British crown."</ref> Other battles and massacres during the war in Monmouth County include sites such as the [[Maj. John Burrowes Mansion|Burrowes Mansion]] in [[Matawan, New Jersey|Matawan]], and the [[Allen House (Shrewsbury, New Jersey)|Allen House]] in [[Shrewsbury, New Jersey|Shrewsbury]].

At independence, Monmouth's population included 1,640 slaves, as well as an undetermined number of [[free black|free African Americans]]. The number of enslaved persons fell steeply after 1820, though a small number remained until at least 1850. Monmouth's free African American population climbed from 353 in 1790 to 2,658 in 1860.<ref name=Hodges/>  There was a small African-American middle class consisting of freedmen present in Monmouth County by the 1840s and 1850s.<ref>New Jersey: A History of the Garden State edited by Maxine N. Lurie, Richard F. Veit page 131</ref>

In 1790 Monmouth County's population was 16,918, of whom roughly 6,600 were of [[English American|English descent]] and the remainder were [[Welsh American|Welsh]], [[Dutch American|Dutch]] and [[Swedish American|Swedish]], as well as small amounts of [[African Americans]] and [[Scots-Irish Americans|Northern Irish Protestants]].<ref>Forstall, Richard L. Population of states and counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990 from the Twenty-one Decennial Censuses, pp. 108-109. United States Census Bureau, March 1996. {{ISBN|9780934213486}}. Accessed October 7, 2013.</ref>  By 2010 Monmouth County's population was 628,112 of whom 40,489 were of [[English American|English descent]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US34025 |title=American FactFinder - Results |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213040232/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0500000US34025 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>  Between 1890 and 1907 nearly 18 million European immigrants came to America.<ref>American School Reform: Progressive, Equity, and Excellence Movements, 1883-1993 by Maurice R. Berube. Pg.3</ref>  At the same time the region underwent massive and not unrelated economic changes, this process led to places like Monmouth County, New Jersey becoming significantly more diverse and somewhat less rural.<ref>New Jersey: A History of the Garden State edited by Maxine N. Lurie, Richard F. Veit page 204-205</ref>

=== 19th century ===
In 1822, [[James P. Allaire]] bought land that would be used to establish the [[Howell Works|Howell Works Iron Foundry]] in what is now [[Wall Township, New Jersey|Wall Township]]. The village was an early example of a [[company town]], having its workers live on site with numerous types of stores and facilities for them. The furnace had ceased to operate by 1848 as [[iron]] and [[coal]] production moved to [[Pennsylvania]]. Today, the land is a [[Living museum|living history museum]] and [[Historic districts in the United States|U.S. historic district]] known as [[Allaire Village]].

On May 18, 1826, the [[Navesink Twin Lights]] were commissioned by [[United States Congress|Congress]], and were first used in 1828. The twin lighthouses were one of only seven in the country. However, this structure deteriorated rapidly, and was in need of replacement. On May 1, 1862, the current structure was first lit at a much grander scale. Upon completion, it was the most powerful lighthouse in the United States. In 1883, it became the first lighthouse in the country to use a mineral-oil lamp. Today, the lighthouse is open to the public as a U.S. historic [[National Historic Landmark|landmark]] and [[National Register of Historic Places|place]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The New Twin Lights at Navesink |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-new-twin-lights-at-navesink/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1848, one of the original Life Saving Stations was built in [[Sandy Hook]] for the [[United States Coast Guard]]. Between 1857 and 1867, construction began on the Fort at Sandy Hook. The fort remained nameless until 1895 when it was named [[Fort Hancock, New Jersey|Fort Hancock]] after [[Winfield Scott Hancock]]. On August 7, 1874, the [[Sandy Hook Proving Ground]] was established as a weapons testing area, considered a separate facility from the fort. In 1890, construction began on the [[Artillery battery|artillery batteries]] of the fort. The Battery Porter was an early prototype of the [[Disappearing gun|gun lift carriage]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Fort Hancock (2) - FortWiki Historic U.S. and Canadian Forts |url=http://www.fortwiki.com/Fort_Hancock_(2) |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=www.fortwiki.com}}</ref>

During the 19th century, [[Keyport, New Jersey|Keyport's]] Marine Park was a major shipbuilding hub, having built 55 [[steamship]]s between 1807 and 1868, which was more than [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], or [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]] during this period.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ships & Shipwrecks |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/history/ships-shipwrecks/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1850, [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County]] was carved out of Monmouth County.<ref name="Story" />

On July 30, 1870, [[Monmouth Park Racetrack]] opened, a [[thoroughbred racing]] track in [[Eatontown, New Jersey|Eatontown]]. The facility closed and reopened several times, with the current facility having been in use since 1946.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The First Horse Racing Track at Monmouth Park |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-first-horse-racing-track-at-monmouth-park/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On September 19, 1881, U.S. President [[James A. Garfield]] died in the [[Elberon, New Jersey|Elberon]] section of [[Long Branch, New Jersey|Long Branch]], a few months after being shot in a failed [[assassination]] attempt. Garfield was one of several presidents who would vacation in Long Branch around the [[Gilded Age]], with other presidents who frequented the town including [[Chester A. Arthur]], [[Ulysses S. Grant]], [[Benjamin Harrison]], [[Rutherford B. Hayes]], [[William McKinley]], and [[Woodrow Wilson]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Curious Origin of the "Seven Presidents" of Monmouth County |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-seven-presidents/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On July 5, 1886, the [[Seabright Lawn Tennis and Cricket Club]] in [[Rumson, New Jersey|Rumson]] opened as the first [[Tennis|lawn tennis]] club in the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Seabright Lawn Tennis and Cricket Club |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-seabright-lawn-tennis-and-cricket-club/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1888, [[Palace Amusements]] opened in [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] alongside the boardwalk, and contained numerous [[amusement rides]] and games, such as a [[carousel]]. After years of a declining economy within the city, the palace closed in 1988, 100 years after it opened. In 2004, the building was deemed unsafe, and was ordered to be demolished, although various elements were saved such as the iconic [[Tillie (murals)|Tillie]] mural and the carousel.

In 1899, [[Guglielmo Marconi]]'s first demonstration of the [[Wireless telegraphy|wireless telegraph]] in the United States took place at the [[Navesink Twin Lights]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Guglielmo Marconi Demonstrates Wireless Telegraph in the U.S. |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/guglielmo-marconi-demonstrates-wireless-telegraph-in-the-u-s/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== 20th century ===
In 1910, the [[Wright brothers|Wright Brothers]] hosted an [[Air show|aviation show]] in [[Interlaken, New Jersey|Interlaken]], where numerous records were broken, such as high [[altitude]]s, longest time airborne, the first night flight, and the first [[Airmail|air mail]] delivery.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Wright Brothers Bring Aviation to Monmouth County |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-wright-brothers-bring-aviation-to-monmouth-county/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Fort Hancock, New Jersey|Fort Hancock]] in [[Sandy Hook]] played a minor role in [[World War I|World War 1]] and [[World War II|World War 2]]. The fort was intended as one of the defensive forts of New York City, and as neither war came to the area, the fort was largely unaffected. However, during World War 1, several of the artillery guns were removed for use elsewhere. In 1919, the [[Sandy Hook Proving Ground]] was essentially abandoned in favor of a large site at the [[Aberdeen Proving Ground]] in [[Maryland]]. During World War 2, the fort served as a mobilization center. In 1946, the guns at the fort were considered obsolete, leading to their scrapping and subsequent decommissioning of the fort. The fort was reactivated twice, first as an antiaircraft defense and later as a Nike missile base, but was closed for good in 1974.<ref name=":2" /> Today, the fort is a [[National Register of Historic Places|National Historic Place]] and [[National Historic Landmark|Landmark]].

In 1916, two of the three [[Jersey Shore shark attacks of 1916|Jersey Shore shark attacks]] occurred in Monmouth County, with one occurring on July 6 in [[Spring Lake, New Jersey|Spring Lake]] while the other occurred on July 12 in [[Matawan, New Jersey|Matawan]]. One person was killed in the Spring Lake attack, while in Matawan two people were killed and one was injured.

In 1917, construction of [[Fort Monmouth]] began under the name of Camp Little Silver as training grounds. The first permanent structure, a [[barracks]], was erected in 1928. In 1928, the first [[radio]]-equipped [[Weather balloon|meteorological balloon]] reached the [[atmosphere]], a precursor to modern day [[Atmospheric sounding|weather sounding]]. Numerous buildings were constructed during the 1930s-1940s at the facility, with the fort significantly expanding in size.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-11-11 |title=Fort Monmouth Historical Office - HOME |url=http://www.monmouth.army.mil/historian/history.php |access-date=2024-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061111052953/http://www.monmouth.army.mil/historian/history.php |archive-date=November 11, 2006 }}</ref> Fort Monmouth was also where [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Espionage|spies]] [[Julius and Ethel Rosenberg|Julius Rosenberg]], [[Joel Barr]], and [[Alfred Sarant]] operated. Numerous scientific breakthroughs occurred at Fort Monmouth, including [[Project Diana]] in 1946; [[SCORE (satellite)|SCORE]], the world's first [[communications satellite]] in 1958; [[TIROS-1]], the world's first full-scale [[weather satellite]] in 1960, and other projects including [[Marilyn Levy|photography]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Science |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/history/science/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On November 11, 1926, the Count Basie Theater opened as the Carlton Theater in [[Red Bank, New Jersey|Red Bank]]. In 1970, the theater had closed alongside most of the other historic theaters in the town. In 1973, an anonymous donation allowed for the preservation of the theater. In 1984, it was renamed after [[Count Basie]], a native of Red Bank. Many well-known acts had performed at the theater, such as [[Tony Bennett]], [[Olivia Newton-John]], [[Bruce Springsteen]], and [[Jon Bon Jovi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Count Basie Theatre |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-count-basie-theatre/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1928, the [[Asbury Park Convention Hall]] was constructed alongside the [[boardwalk]]. On January 1, 1930, the [[Paramount Theatre (Asbury Park, New Jersey)|Paramount Theater]] in [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] showed its first film, ''[[Wings (1927 film)|Wings]].'' The buildings are connected by a grand [[Arcade (architecture)|arcade]] alongside the boardwalk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paramount Theatre |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/paramount-theatre/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On September 8, 1934, the ''[[SS Morro Castle (1930)|SS Morro Castle]]'' caught fire and burned during a storm on its route from [[New York City]] to [[Havana]], [[Cuba]]. The ship drifted ashore to [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] by the [[Asbury Park Convention Hall|Convention Hall]], where it remained until 1935 when it was towed away to be scrapped. The disaster was one of the [[List of maritime disasters in the 20th century|deadliest maritime disasters]] in United States history, having killed 137 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SS Morro Castle: An Inferno at Sea, a Burning Hulk on the Beach, and Many Unanswered Questions |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/ss-morro-castle/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On December 13, 1943, [[Naval Weapons Station Earle]] was commissioned, which is designed to safely store and transport military ordinance. The 11,000 acre main facility consumes land in [[Colts Neck Township, New Jersey|Colts Neck Township]], [[Howell Township, New Jersey|Howell Township]], [[Wall Township, New Jersey|Wall Township]], and [[Tinton Falls, New Jersey|Tinton Falls]], while the three-pronged pier in the [[Leonardo, New Jersey|Leonardo]] section of [[Middletown Township, New Jersey|Middletown Township]] is connected to the main facility via Normandy Road, a military-only railroad and road that connects the facilities.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Naval Weapons Station Earle |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/naval-weapons-station-earle/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Bell Labs Holmdel Complex|Bell Labs]] complex in [[Holmdel Township, New Jersey|Holmdel Township]] was a major center for scientific research throughout the 20th century. On May 4, 1933, [[radio astronomy]], one of the most significant achievements in the field of [[astronomy]], was invented by [[Karl Guthe Jansky]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karl G. Jansky, the Father of Radio Astronomy |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/karl-jansky/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref> On June 25, 1946, the [[Solar cell|silicon solar cell]] was patented by [[Russell Ohl|Russell S. Ohl]], who operated out of Bell Labs. In 1959, [[AT&T]] began construction on the current building, completing it in 1962, where the building acted as a research and development facility. The facility was expanded twice in 1966 and 1982. On October 17, 1978, [[Cosmic microwave background|cosmic microwave background radiation]] was discovered at the site by [[Arno Allan Penzias|Arno Penzias]] and [[Robert Woodrow Wilson|Robert Wilson]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bell Labs' Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson Are Nobel Prize Laureates |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/bell-labs-arno-penzias-robert-wilson-are-nobel-prize-laureates/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

On June 12, 1968, the [[PNC Bank Arts Center|Garden State Arts Center]] opened in [[Holmdel Township, New Jersey|Holmdel Township]] alongside the [[Garden State Parkway]], having its own exit of 116. The [[Amphitheatre|amphitheater]] often hosted [[Classical music|classical]] and [[Popular music|popular]] [[music]], as well as various other programs, and has a capacity of roughly 10,000 people. In 1995, on the opposite side of the parkway, the [[New Jersey Vietnam Veterans' Memorial]] was opened. In 1996, the facility expanded heavily, adding thousands in capacity, and shifting toward general music with broader appeal to compete with other amphitheaters. In 1996, the facility was renamed to PNC Bank Arts Center. The theater is one of the most successful amphitheaters in the country.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chen |first=David W. |date=1996-09-29 |title=Music to Whose Ears? Arts Center and Neighbors Try to Work Things Out |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/29/nyregion/music-to-whose-ears-arts-center-and-neighbors-try-to-work-things-out.html |access-date=2024-06-01 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=PNC Bank Arts Center |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/pnc-bank-arts-center/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1970, [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] experienced a major [[1970 Asbury Park race riots|race riot]] between July 4 and July 10, one of the largest in New Jersey. The riot was largely due to high [[unemployment]], poor housing conditions, and lack of [[recreation]]al activities within the African American community. Over 180 people were injured during the week long riot. The largely [[African Americans|African American]] West Side of the city experienced the most damage, with an estimated $5,600,000 in damages.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fernandez |first=Maritza |date=2018-07-01 |title=Asbury Park Race Riot (1970) • |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/asbury-park-race-riot-1970/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>

On February 8, 1974, [[The Stone Pony]] opened in [[Asbury Park, New Jersey|Asbury Park]] across the street from the boardwalk. The live [[music venue]] is small but well-known, with its most notable talents [[Bruce Springsteen]] and the [[E Street Band]] as well as [[Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes]] having launched their career out of the venue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Stone Pony |url=https://monmouthtimeline.org/timeline/the-stone-pony/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Monmouth Timeline |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== 21st century ===
In 2005, [[Fort Monmouth]] was recommended for closure, and in 2011 the facility shut down for good. Redevelopment of the land had been in talks since 2006, and in 2021 [[Netflix]] had announced it was going to create a film studio at the facility.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-29 |title=One Fort Monmouth Redevelopment Plan Nixed, Two Others Extended - Two River Times |url=https://tworivertimes.com/one-fort-monmouth-redevelopment-plan-nixed-two-others-extended/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2022, a proposal to develop housing units where the fort's housing stands was approved.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=MATTHEW SOCKOL, Staff |date=2022-07-28 |title=275 residential units planned for former fort parcel in Eatontown |url=https://centraljersey.com/2022/07/28/eatontown-fort-monmouth-affordable-housing/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=centraljersey.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2006, Bell Labs was sold, and preservation efforts were made by residents and former employees. In 2013, a developer began site redevelopment, with the research building becoming a [[New Urbanism]] inspired [[Mixed-use development|mixed-use]] facility, while the surrounding land became residential housing.

In 2016, Monmouth Mall in Eatontown announced that it would be redeveloped into a pedestrian-friendly mixed-used development, including demolition of some of the abandoned parts of the mall, with the addition of housing, plazas and walkways, amongst many other changes. The mall, which opened in 1960, had faced lots of [[Dead mall|vacancies and financial troubles]] over the years that led to the decision. The plans were finalized in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kushner, Whole Foods ink lease in Eatontown as Monmouth Mall redevelopment moves ahead – Real Estate NJ |url=https://re-nj.com/kushner-whole-foods-ink-lease-in-eatontown-as-monmouth-mall-redevelopment-moves-ahead/ |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=re-nj.com}}</ref>

On June 14, 2018, [[Monmouth Park Racetrack]] became the first place in [[New Jersey]] to offer [[sports betting]].