Editing Mohammad Zahir Shah (section)

==Early life==
Zahir Shah was born on 15 October 1914, in a city quarter called [[Deh Afghanan]] in [[Kabul]] in the [[Emirate of Afghanistan]], into the royal [[Musahiban]] family, who belonged to the [[Mohammadzai]] clan of the [[Barakzai]] tribe of [[Pashtuns]].<ref name="Britannica"/> He was the son of [[Mohammad Nadir Shah]] (1883–1933) and [[Mah Parwar Begum]] (d. 1941). Nadir was a senior member of the [[Barakzai dynasty|Mohammadzai Royal family]] and Commander-in-Chief of the [[Royal Afghan Army]] under King [[Amanullah Khan]].

Zahir Shah was educated in a special class for princes at Elementary Primary, built in 1904 by the United Kingdom, and [[Habibia High School]], where many subjects were taught in English. For his secondary education, he went to the Amaniya High School (built during the reign of King Amanullah by France, where many subjects were taught in French. This school was renamed by Nadir Shah as [[Esteqlal High School]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wn.com/Lycee_Esteqlal|title=Lycee Esteqlal|website=World News}}</ref> after the fall of King Amanullah. Zahir Shah studied at the Infanterie Military School in the winter (school year in Kabul, 21 March to November). He was then sent to France for further training.<ref name=DTking/> He continued his education in France where his father had served as a diplomatic envoy, studying at the [[Pasteur Institute]] and the [[University of Montpellier]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nysun.com/obituaries/mohammad-zahir-shah-92-last-king-of-afghanistan/59025/|title=Mohammad Zahir Shah, 92, Last King of Afghanistan|website=The New York Sun}}</ref> When he returned to Afghanistan he helped his father and uncles restore order and reassert government control during a period of lawlessness in the country.<ref name=Judah>{{cite news |last=Judah |first=Tim |title=Profile: Mohamed Zahir Shah |work=The Observer |date=23 September 2001 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/sep/23/terrorism.afghanistan1 |access-date=18 March 2008}}</ref> He was later enrolled at an Infantry School and appointed a privy counsellor. Zahir Shah served in the government positions of deputy war minister and minister of education.<ref name=DTking/>

===Ancestry===
Zahir's father, [[Mohammad Nadir Shah]], was the son of Sardar Mohammad Yusuf Khan. Born in [[Dehradun]], [[British India]], Nadir's family had been exiled after the [[Second Anglo-Afghan War]]. Nadir Shah was a descendant of [[Sardar]] [[Sultan Mohammed Khan|Sultan Mohammad Khan]] Telai, half-brother of Emir [[Dost Mohammad Khan]]. His grandfather Mohammad Yahya Khan (father in law of Emir Yaqub Khan) was in charge of the negotiations with the British resulting in the [[Treaty of Gandamak]]. After the British invasion after the killing of [[Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari|Sir Louis Cavagnari]] during 1879, [[Yaqub Khan]], Yahya Khan and his sons Princes Mohammad Yusuf Khan and Mohammad Asef Khan were taken captive by the British and transferred to the British Raj, where they remained forcibly until the two princes were invited back to Afghanistan by [[Emir]] [[Abdur Rahman Khan]] during the last year of his reign (1901). During the reign of Amir Habibullah they received the title of Companions of the King ([[Musahiban]]). Nadir assumed the throne after the execution of the self-proclaimed ruler of Afghanistan [[Habibullah Kalakani]] on 1 November 1929.<ref>''Encyclopædia Britannica'', [https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-21408/Afghanistan "Afghanistan Mohammad Nader Shah (1929–33)"]</ref>