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Mission San Luis Rey de Francia
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==Spanish era== [[File:Antonio Peyri, Missionary at San Luis Rey.jpg|thumb|left|[[:ca:Antoni Peyrí i Aulèstia|Antonio Peyrí]] was the padre in charge of Mission San Luis Rey from 1799 to 1833.]] The full name of the mission is ''La Misión de San Luis, Rey de Francia'' (The Mission of Saint Louis, King of France). It was named for King [[Louis IX of France]].<ref name="Leffingwell, p. 27" /><ref name="Krell273" /> Its nickname is "King of the Missions".<ref name="Yenne, p. 158" /> It was founded by padre [[Fermín Lasuén]] on June 12, 1798, the eighteenth of the twenty-one [[Spanish missions in California|Spanish missions]] built in the [[Alta California]] Province of the [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]].<ref name="Krell273" /><ref name="Yenne, p. 156">Yenne, p. 156</ref><ref name="Ruscin, p. 196" /> In 1800, [[Mission olive]] trees were first planted at the Mission; by 1876, only seven of the mission's olive trees were alive.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Phillips |first=Irene |title=Mission Olive Industry and other South Bay Stories |date=1960 |publisher=South Bay Press |year=1960 |location=National City, California |page=5 }}</ref> The current church, built in 1815, is the third church on this location.<ref name="nhldetail">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=901&resourceType=Building|title=San Luis Rey Mission Church|work=National Historic Landmarks Program|publisher=National Park Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403200636/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=901&ResourceType=Building|archive-date=3 April 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=26 February 2013}}</ref> It is a [[National Historic Landmark]], for its pristine example of a Spanish mission church complex.<ref name="nhlsum" /><ref name="nrhpinv">{{Cite journal|last=Snell|first=Charles|year=1968|title=San Luis Key Mission Church|url={{NHLS url|id=70000142}}|format=pdf|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|access-date=22 May 2012|journal=National Register of Historic Places – Inventory Nomination Form}}</ref><ref name="photos">{{Cite web|url={{NHLS url|id=70000144|photos=y}}|title=San Luis Key Mission Church|work=Photographs|publisher=[[National Park Service]]|format=pdf|access-date=22 May 2012}}</ref> Today the mission complex functions as a [[parish]] church of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of San Diego|Diocese of San Diego]] as well as a museum and retreat center. Mission San Luis Rey De Francia raised about 26,000 cattle as well as goats, geese, and pigs. An early account of life at the Mission was written by one of its [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] [[Religious conversion|converts]], [[Luiseño people|Luiseño]] [[Pablo Tac]], in his work ''Indian Life and Customs at Mission San Luis Rey: A Record of California Mission Life by Pablo Tac, An Indian Neophyte'' (written {{circa|1835}} in [[Rome]], later edited and translated in 1958 by Minna Hewes and Gordon Hewes).<ref>The earliest surviving first-person writings by a native Californian of life in a mission is by Pablo Tac (1822–1841), a Luiseño from Mission San Luis Rey de Francia. Christian Clifford, author of Meet Pablo Tac, wrote "On January 15, 1834, Father Peyrí, Pablo, and Agapito left San Fernando College [Mexico City] and in February boarded a ship for Europe. They travelled via New York and France, arriving in Barcelona, Spain, on June 21. The 'New' World was coming to meet the 'Old' World." (p.33) Tac arrived in Rome in September 1834 and was enrolled in the College of the Propaganda, studying Latin grammar. He went on to study rhetoric, humanities, and philosophy in preparation for missionary work. It was while at the College that he created Luiseño written language and wrote the "Conversion of the San Luiseños of Alta California." {{cite book | author = Clifford, Christian | year = 2017 | title = Meet Pablo Tac: Indian from the Far Shores of California | publisher = CreateSpace, North Charleston, SC | isbn = 978-1-5425-2930-3 }}</ref> In his book, Tac lamented the rapid [[Population of Native California|population decline]] of his Luiseño people after the founding of the mission: <blockquote>In Quechla not long ago there were 5,000 souls, with all their neighboring lands. Through a sickness that came to California, 2,000 souls died, and 3,000 were left.<ref name="Lightfoot, p. 108"/></blockquote> The Mission-born, [[Franciscan]]-educated Tac wrote that his people initially attempted to bar the Spaniards from invading their [[Southern California]] lands. Pablo Tac went on to describe the preferential conditions and treatment the padres received: <blockquote>In the mission of San Luis Rey de Francia the Fernandino {{sic}} father is like a king. He has his pages, alcaldes, majordomos, musicians, soldiers, gardens, ranchos, livestock....<ref>Lightfoot, p. 105</ref></blockquote>
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