Editing Mission San Juan Bautista (section)

== History ==
[[File:Mission San Juan Bautista (SJB, CA) - church interior, sanctuary decorated for Easter.jpg|thumb|left|The church [[chancel]] with [[Easter]] decoration]]
[[Image:Mission San Juan Bautista taken sometime between 1880 and 1910.jpg|thumb|A photograph of Mission San Juan Bautista taken between 1880 and 1910. The steeple (far right), constructed after the mission was secularized, was subsequently destroyed in a fire.]]
[[File:Aerial view of Mission San Juan Bautista.JPG|thumb|Aerial view of Mission San Juan Bautista]]

Following its creation in 1797, San Juan's population grew quickly. By 1803, there were 1,036 Native Americans living at the mission. Ranching and farming activity had moved apace, with 1,036 cattle, 4,600 sheep, 22 swine, 540 horses and 8 mules counted that year. At the same time, the harvest of wheat, barley and corn was estimated at 2,018 fanegas, each of about 220 pounds.
[[File:Mission San Juan Bautista California - Entrance Bell.jpg|thumb|175 px|Entrance Bell]]
Father [[Pedro Estévan Tápis]] (who had a special talent for music) joined Father [[Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta]], at Mission San Juan Bautista in 1815 to teach singing to the Native Americans. He employed a system of notation developed in Spain that uses varied colors or textures for polyphonic music, usually (from bottom to top) solid black, solid red, black outline (sometimes solid yellow) and red outline (or black outline when yellow was used). His choir of Native American boys performed for many visitors, earning the San Juan Bautista Mission the nickname "the Mission of Music." Two of his handwritten choir books are preserved at the San Juan Bautista Museum. When Father Tapis died in 1825 he was buried on the mission grounds. The town of San Juan Bautista, which grew up around the mission, expanded rapidly during the [[California Gold Rush]] and continues to be a thriving community today.

The mission is situated adjacent to the [[San Andreas Fault]], and has suffered damage from numerous [[earthquake]]s, such as those of 1800 and 1906. However, the mission was never entirely destroyed at once. It was restored initially in 1884, and then again in 1949 with funding from the [[Hearst Foundation]]. The three-bell ''campanario'', or "bell wall," located by the church entrance, was fully restored in 2010. An unpaved stretch of the original [[El Camino Real (California)|El Camino Real]], just east of the mission, lies on a fault scarp.<ref>Robert Iacopi, ''Earthquake Country'' (Menlo Park:Lane Publishing, 2004, 1971).</ref>

Although initially [[Mexican secularization act of 1833|secularized]] in 1835, the church was reconsecrated by the [[Catholic Church]] in 1859, and continues to serve as a parish of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey in California|Diocese of Monterey]]. The mission includes a cemetery, with the remains of over 4,000 Native American converts and Europeans buried there.

The mission and its grounds were featured prominently in the 1958 [[Alfred Hitchcock]] film ''[[Vertigo (film)|Vertigo]]''. Associate producer Herbert Coleman's daughter Judy Lanini suggested the mission to Hitchcock as a filming location. A steeple, added sometime after the mission's original construction and secularization, had been demolished following a fire, so Hitchcock added a bell tower using scale models, matte paintings, and trick photography at the [[Paramount Pictures|Paramount]] studio in Los Angeles. The tower does not resemble the original steeple. The tower's staircase was assembled inside a studio.