Editing Miss Universe (section)

==History==
[[File:Miss Universe Sash.jpg|right|upright=1.5|240px|thumb|Miss Universe sash from 2001 until 2022]]

The title "Miss Universe" was first used by the [[International Pageant of Pulchritude]] in 1926. This contest was held annually until 1935, when the [[Great Depression]] and other events preceding [[World War II]] led to its demise.

The current Miss Universe pageant was founded in 1952 by Pacific Knitting Mills, a California-based clothing company and manufacturer of [[Catalina Swimwear]], and has since been headquartered in the United States. The company was the sponsor of the [[Miss America]] pageant until 1951, when the winner, [[Yolande Betbeze]], refused to pose for publicity pictures wearing one of their swimsuits. In 1952, Pacific Knitting Mills organized the [[Miss USA]] and Miss Universe pageants, co-sponsoring them for decades to follow.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=26 February 2016|title=Yolande Betbeze Fox, Miss America Who Defied Convention, Dies at 87|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/26/us/yolande-betbeze-fox-miss-america-who-defied-convention-dies-at-87.html|access-date=25 February 2024|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=February 26, 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160226061628/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/26/us/yolande-betbeze-fox-miss-america-who-defied-convention-dies-at-87.html?_r=0|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Armi-Kuusela-1952.jpg|thumb|240px|[[Armi Kuusela]], the first titleholder, meets people in [[Helsinki|Helsinki, Finland]]]]
The first Miss Universe Pageant was held in [[Long Beach, California]] in 1952. It was won by [[Armi Kuusela]] from Finland, who gave up her title, though not officially, to get married shortly before her year was completed.<ref>{{cite web |author=FUNFARE by Ricky Lo |title=A misty-eyed look at Armi Kuusela, the 1st Miss Universe |url=http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/344221/misty-eyed-look-armi-kuusela-1st-miss-universe |date=June 28, 2006 |website=philstar.com |publisher=[[The Philippine Star]] |access-date=October 9, 2013 |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015000244/http://www.philstar.com/entertainment/344221/misty-eyed-look-armi-kuusela-1st-miss-universe |url-status=live }}</ref> Until 1958, the Miss Universe title, like that of Miss America, was dated by the year following the contest, so at the time Kuusela's title was Miss Universe 1953. Since its founding by Pacific Mills, the pageant has been organized and conducted by the Miss Universe Organization. Eventually, Pacific Mills and its subsidiaries were acquired by the [[Kayser-Roth Corporation]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite magazine|date=19 February 2018|title=Trump's Miss Universe Gambit|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/02/26/trumps-miss-universe-gambit|access-date=25 February 2024|magazine=The New Yorker|language=en-US|archive-date=March 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330193214/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/02/26/trumps-miss-universe-gambit|url-status=live}}</ref>  

The pageant was first televised in 1955. [[CBS]] began broadcasting the combined Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants in 1960, and as separate contests in 1965. Eventually, [[Gulf and Western Industries]] bought the Kayser-Roth Corporation in 1975 which also acquired the Miss Universe pageant until 1991 when it was bought by [[Procter & Gamble]].<ref name=":0" /> 

In 1996, [[Donald Trump]] bought the pageant from [[ITT Corp]], with a broadcasting arrangement with CBS until 2002.<ref>{{cite web|title=Four Big Ships Dominate International Beauty Pageants |author=Prestigious Beauty Pageant |url=http://www.prestigiousbeautypageants.org/four-big-ships-dominate-international-beauty-pageants/ |date=November 18, 2013 |website=Prestigious Beauty Pageants |access-date=June 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217131258/http://www.prestigiousbeautypageants.org/four-big-ships-dominate-international-beauty-pageants/ |archive-date=December 17, 2013 }}</ref> During this time, in 1998, Miss Universe, Inc. changed its name to the Miss Universe Organization, and moved its headquarters from Los Angeles to New York City.<ref name="India-Today-1">{{cite web |title=Miss USA Olivia Culpo is Miss Universe 2012! |website=[[India Today]] |date=December 19, 2012 |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/miss-universe-2012-winner-olivia-culpo/1/238561.html |access-date=January 9, 2016 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124901/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/miss-universe-2012-winner-olivia-culpo/1/238561.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="new team">{{cite news|title=Mistress of the Universe|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nypost/access/68469692.html?dids=68469692:68469692&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+18,+1999&author=Jonathan+Foreman&pub=New+York+Post&desc=MISTRESS+OF+THE+UNIVERSE+-+MAUREEN+REIDY,+ONCE+DONALD+TRUMP'S+ACCOUNTANT,+HAS+TRANSFORMED+THREE+KEY+BEAUTY+PAGEANTS+FROM+TACKY+CHEESE+INTO+SLICK,+CHIC+AFFAIRS&pqatl=google|access-date=February 24, 2011|newspaper=[[New York Post]]|date=January 18, 1999|first=Jonathan|last=Foreman|archive-date=March 25, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325005144/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/nypost/access/68469692.html?dids=68469692%3A68469692&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS%3AFT&type=current&date=Jan+18%2C+1999&author=Jonathan+Foreman&pub=New+York+Post&desc=MISTRESS+OF+THE+UNIVERSE+-+MAUREEN+REIDY%2C+ONCE+DONALD+TRUMP%27S+ACCOUNTANT%2C+HAS+TRANSFORMED+THREE+KEY+BEAUTY+PAGEANTS+FROM+TACKY+CHEESE+INTO+SLICK%2C+CHIC+AFFAIRS&pqatl=google|url-status=dead}}</ref> By late 2002, Trump entered into a joint venture with [[NBC]],<ref name=Tadena1/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2015/biz/news/donald-trump-miss-universe-wmeimg-acquisition-1201592910/|title=WME/IMG Acquires Miss Universe Organization From Donald Trump|first1=Cynthia|last1=Littleton|date=September 14, 2015|access-date=December 11, 2017|archive-date=November 8, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108163857/https://variety.com/2015/biz/news/donald-trump-miss-universe-wmeimg-acquisition-1201592910/|url-status=live}}</ref> which in 2003 outbid the other markets for the TV rights.<ref name="The New York Times">{{cite news |title=Three Beauty Pageants Leaving CBS for NBC |last=Rutenberg |first=Jim |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html |date=June 22, 2002 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=October 8, 2013 |archive-date=October 11, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011024009/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/business/three-beauty-pageants-leaving-cbs-for-nbc.html |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2003 to 2014, the pageant was broadcast in the United States on NBC.

In June 2015, NBC cancelled all business relationships with Trump and the Miss Universe Organization in response to [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign#Announcement|controversial statements]] about illegal immigrants who crossed the border from Mexico.<ref name="hollywoodreporter">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/nbc-cuts-ties-donald-trump-805706?facebook_20150629|title=NBC Cuts Ties With Donald Trump Over "Derogatory Statements," Pulls Miss USA and Miss Universe Pageants|first=Kate|last=Stanhope|date=June 29, 2015|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|access-date=June 30, 2015|archive-date=October 10, 2017|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171010094038/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/donald-trump-nbc-severing-ties-805706|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=NBCsever>{{cite news|title=NBCUniversal cuts ties with Donald Trump|url=https://money.cnn.com/2015/06/29/media/donald-trump-nbc-ends-relationship/|access-date=June 29, 2015|work=CNN Money|date=June 29, 2015|archive-date=December 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229221647/https://money.cnn.com/2015/06/29/media/donald-trump-nbc-ends-relationship/|url-status=live}}</ref> As part of the legal settlement, in September 2015, Trump bought out NBC's 50% stake in the company, making him the company's sole owner. Three days later, he sold the whole company to [[William Morris Endeavor|WME]]/[[IMG (company)|IMG]].<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html|title=Trump Sells Miss Universe Organization to WME-IMG Talent Agency|date=September 15, 2015|work=The New York Times|access-date=February 5, 2016|archive-date=February 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204102131/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/15/business/media/trump-sells-miss-universe-organization-to-wme-img-talent-agency.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9|title=Donald Trump sells the Miss Universe Organization|last=Nededog|first=Jethro|date=September 14, 2015|work=Business Insider|access-date=January 9, 2016|archive-date=May 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506164358/http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-sells-miss-universe-img-2015-9|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the change of ownership, in October 2015, [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] and [[Azteca América|Azteca]] became the official broadcasters of the Miss Universe and Miss USA pageants.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvinsider.com/article/49807/miss-universe-and-miss-usa-pageants-to-air-on-fox/|title=Miss Universe and Miss USA Pageants to Air on Fox|work=TV Insider|date=October 28, 2015 |access-date=January 9, 2016|archive-date=February 12, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212061824/http://www.tvinsider.com/article/49807/miss-universe-and-miss-usa-pageants-to-air-on-fox/|url-status=live}}</ref> The broadcast rights to the Miss Universe Pageant was temporarily split between [[Telemundo]] and [[FYI (American TV channel)|FYI]] during the 2020 pageant. amidst [[COVID-19 pandemic]] restrictions at the time. The contract with Fox and then-emcee [[Steve Harvey]] was resumed for the 2021 edition.

On October 26, 2022, Thailand-based [[JKN Global Group]] acquired Miss Universe Organization (MUO) from [[Endeavor (company)|Endeavor Group Holdings]]-owned [[IMG Worldwide]] at $14 million, making [[Jakkaphong Jakrajutatip|Anne Jakapong Jakrajutatip]] the first [[transgender]] woman to own the organization and marking the first time the organization expands its headquarters outside the U.S. From the 2022 edition onwards, NBC has re-acquired broadcast rights via [[The Roku Channel]] for the competition as a result of the ownership changes, marking the first time in Miss Universe history that the pageant has transitioned from [[television|traditional broadcast network coverage]] to [[streaming media|full streaming service]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2423031/jkn-acquires-miss-universe-organization|title=JKN acquires Miss Universe Organization|date=October 26, 2022|work=Bangkok Post|access-date=October 26, 2022|archive-date=March 22, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322043036/https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/2423031/jkn-acquires-miss-universe-organization|url-status=live}}</ref>

On November 16, 2023, Paula Shugart, president of the Miss Universe Organization, announced her departure from the Miss Universe Organization.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Schneider |first=Michael |date=17 November 2023 |title=Miss Universe Organization President Paula Shugart Exits After 23 Years |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/miss-universe-organization-president-paula-shugart-exits-1235793531/ |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> The aforementioned position will not be replaced.<ref name=":1" /> Following the departure of Shugart, CEO of the Miss Universe Organization Amy Emmerich also announced her departure on 8 February 2024 and left the organization on 1 March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Santiago |first=Camille |date=8 February 2024 |title=Amy Emmerich steps down as Miss Universe CEO |url=https://philstarlife.com/celebrity/847811-amy-emmerich-steps-down-as-miss-universe-ceo? |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=Philstar Life |archive-date=February 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240225125255/https://philstarlife.com/celebrity/847811-amy-emmerich-steps-down-as-miss-universe-ceo |url-status=live }}</ref>