Editing Milton Hershey School (section)

== History ==
[[Milton Hershey|Milton S. Hershey]], creator of [[The Hershey Company]], was a chocolate industrialist and had founded the town of [[Hershey, Pennsylvania|Hershey]], Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Hershey Company: a brief history |url=https://www.pennlive.com/news/2016/06/the_hershey_company_a_brief_hi.html |access-date=29 January 2021 |work=The Patriot-News |date=30 June 2016 |language=en}}</ref> On November 15, 1909,<ref name="1937-elizabethtown">{{cite news |title=M. S. Hershey is Host at Dinner |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/346715137/ |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Elizabethtown Chronicle |date=17 November 1937 |location=Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania |page=1}}</ref> he and his wife, [[Catherine Hershey]], signed over a {{convert|486|acre|km2|adj=on}} piece of farmland, forming the Hershey Industrial School.<ref name="1910-semi-weekly" /> The school accepted "poor, healthy, white male orphans" between the ages of four and eight, allowing them to stay until the age of eighteen.<ref name="1910-semi-weekly">{{cite news |title=Hershey Industrial School: The Chocolate King's Latest Generosity |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/559661581/ |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Semi-Weekly New Era |date=9 July 1910 |location=Lancaster, Pennsylvania |page=5}}</ref> The first four boys were admitted in September 1910.<ref name="1915-harrisburg">{{cite news |last1=Gormann |first1=Robert F. |title=Bids Fair to Become One of Most Important Orphan Asylums For Boys in the United States; Lads Taught to Do Things Which Will Profit Them in Actual Life; Now 60 Youngsters Being Cared For |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/171621324 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Harrisburg Telegraph |date=19 November 1915 |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |page=43}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New Hershey Industrial School Building To Be Dedicated Nov. 15 |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/517447195 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Daily News |date=9 November 1934 |location=Hershey, Pennsylvania |page=11}}</ref>

In 1918, following Catherine's death three years prior, Milton put most of his fortune—including his share of his company's stock—into a trust for the school, valued at $60&nbsp;million altogether.<ref name="2002-telegraph">{{cite news |title=Town Built On Chocolate Worries Sweet Times Are Over |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/590742243/ |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Tyler Morning Telegraph |date=21 September 2002 |location=Tyler, Texas |page=30}}</ref><ref name="1998-hershey-legacy" />  The school grew quickly, with about 60 boys in 1915,<ref name="1915-harrisburg" /> 352 boys in 1931,<ref>{{cite news |title=Industrial School Opens At Hershey |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/13335009 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Lebanon Semi-Weekly News |date=10 September 1931 |location=Lebanon, Pennsylvania |page=2}}</ref> and 1034 boys in 1937.<ref name="1937-elizabethtown" /> Non-sectarian Christian religious training was mandatory.<ref name="1928-sunday-news" />

In 1933, the age range of admitted orphans was expanded from 4–8 years to 4–14.<ref>{{cite news |title=Extend Age Limit for Hershey School Boys |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/63143525 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Evening News |date=30 October 1933 |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |page=17}}</ref> In 1934, a junior-senior high school building was opened at the site with a capacity for 1500 students.<ref name="1945-life-events" /> Hershey resigned from the school's board in 1944, a year before his death.<ref name="1945-life-events">{{cite news |title=Highlights in Life of M. S. Hershey |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/43019156/ |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Harrisburg Telegraph |date=16 October 1945 |location=Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |page=17}}</ref> By then the school had acquired about 10,000 acres of land.<ref>{{cite news |title=Hershey Orphans Home Might Kiss the Past Goodbye |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-nov-28-mn-58115-story.html |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=28 November 2000}}</ref> The school's name was changed from ''Hershey Industrial School'' to ''Milton Hershey School'' in 1953, reportedly to eliminate the possibility of "industrial" connoting a [[reform school]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Milton Hershey School Is Now Official Name |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/517279727 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Daily News |date=26 December 1951 |location=Lebanon, Pennsylvania |page=9}}</ref>

The school's selection of students broadened in the 1960s and 70s. Following a 1968 decision upheld by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], which ordered the racial desegregation of [[Girard College]], Milton Hershey School admitted its first non-white student.<ref>{{cite web |title=Timeline: Desegregation of Girard College |url=http://northerncity.library.temple.edu/exhibits/show/civil-rights-in-a-northern-cit/collections/desegregation-of-girard-colleg/timeline--desegregation-of-gir |website=Temple University Libraries |access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref><ref name="1989-jacobsen" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cowen |first1=Richard |title=The doors always were open at Good Shepherd |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/280191673 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Morning Call |location=Allentown, Pennsylvania |page=26 July 1998}}</ref> School official James E. Bobb, however, stated that the decision to admit racial minorities was unrelated to the ruling.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ruling On Girard Said No Factor In MHS Decision |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/5564365 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Lebanon Daily News |date=23 May 1968 |location=Lebanon, Pennsylvania |page=56}}</ref> In 1976, the school expanded its definition of orphanhood to include "social orphans", those with single or divorced parents.<ref name="2000-baltimore-sun">{{cite news |title=Hershey school is following its charter, audit reports |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/173613311 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Baltimore Sun |date=10 December 2000 |location=Baltimore, Maryland |page=50}}</ref> In November of that year, the school successfully petitioned the Dauphin County Court on allowing girls based on their charter.<ref>{{cite news |title=Girls at Hershey |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/172893291 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=20 November 1976}}</ref> The first eight girls arrived in March 1977.<ref name="1977-elizabethtown" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Milton Hershey School To Admit Girls |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/522333378 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Evening Sun |date=17 November 1976 |page=1}}</ref><ref name="1998-hershey-legacy" /> Female admission was gradual, first restricted to those between kindergarten and fifth grade, then in the summer of 1977 to sixth through eighth grade, and finally to all grade divisions in the summer of 1978.<ref name="1977-elizabethtown" /> In October 1977, approximately 1100 boys and 60 girls were enrolled in the school;<ref name="1977-elizabethtown">{{cite news |last1=Froetschel |first1=Susan A. |title=Changes Are Important To M. S. Hershey School |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/346691225 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Elizabethtown Chronicle |location=Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania |page=11}}</ref> by September 1978, female students made up 10% of the 1300 students.<ref name="1978-daily-news">{{cite news |last1=McCarthy |first1=Dan |title=Milton Hershey's Girl Population Doing Fine |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/519029753 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Daily News |date=9 September 1978 |location=Lebanon, Pennsylvania |page=26}}</ref>

Cyndi Jacobsen wrote in 1989 in ''The Sentinel'' that "students chafe under the rules, the lack of privacy and individuality, and the anachronistic dairy barns&nbsp;... [b]ut graduates tend to look back at their experience as a survival test". She said that house parents varied widely in their treatment, with some "rigid and authoritarian" and others "warm and affirming."<ref name="1989-jacobsen">{{cite news |last1=Jacobsen |first1=Cyndi |title=Hershey School a contrast |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/346226386 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Sentinel |date=23 February 1989 |location=Carlisle, Pennsylvania |page=12}}</ref> Later that year, the school's longtime tradition of requiring all grade 9–12 students to milk cows, twice daily, was rescinded, with strong approval from students and the board. Director of secondary education John Storm justified the change, stating that "the school revolved around the milking program, when in fact we wanted it to revolve around educational opportunities".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kolus |first1=Howard |title=Changing Time... No More Milking for MHS Students |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/519204921 |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=The Daily News |date=17 April 1989 |location=Lebanon, Pennsylvania |pages=1, 2}}</ref><ref name="1998-hershey-legacy">{{cite news |last1=Russell |first1=Heidi |title=Hershey's Legacy: Childless chocolate baron revered as a father figure |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/59732335/ |access-date=28 January 2021 |work=Standard Speaker |date=14 June 1998 |location=Hazleton, Pennsylvania |page=6}}</ref>

In 2002, the school had about 1,500 students; over the next two decades, the school grew to about 2,000 students.<ref name="2002-telegraph" /><ref name="2020-fox43" />

In 2010, the school settled in a molestation case involving sixteen children.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 May 2010|title=Milton Hershey School paid $3 million settlement to students in molestation case, newspaper reports|language=en|work=The Patriot-News|url=https://www.pennlive.com/midstate/2010/05/milton_hershey_school_paid_3_m.html|access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref> In late 2011, a 13 year old was denied admission to the school because he was [[HIV]]-positive.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 December 2011|title=Lawsuit: Pa. school rejects boy for having HIV|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/lawsuit-pa-school-rejects-boy-for-having-hiv/|access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref> While the school initially defended its decision, citing safety concerns, an anti-discrimination lawsuit filed by the [[AIDS Law Project of Pennsylvania]] led to a settlement of $700,000 for the boy's family and a reversal of the policy.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Boccella|first1=Kathy|date=7 August 2012|title=Milton Hershey School apologizes to HIV-positive student|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|url=https://www.npr.org/2012/07/19/157065606/private-school-denies-admission-to-teen-with-hiv|access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=September 13, 2012|title=Hershey settles HIV suit with 14-year-old student denied school admission|work=[[CBS News]]|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hershey-settles-hiv-suit-with-14-year-old-student-denied-school-admission/|access-date=28 January 2021}}</ref>

In 2013, 14-year-old student Abbie Bartels committed suicide shortly after being denied attendance at the school's eighth-grade graduation. While the family brought a lawsuit against the school, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 3rd Circuit refused in early 2021 to revive the lawsuit, agreeing that the case was tragic but that the school could not be held responsible for her death.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-02|title=Milton Hershey School isn't legally liable for suicide of 14-year-old ex-student, U.S. appeals court agrees|url=https://www.pennlive.com/news/2021/02/milton-hershey-school-isnt-legally-liable-for-suicide-of-14-year-old-ex-student-us-appeals-court-agrees.html|access-date=2021-05-05|website=pennlive|language=en}}</ref>

In 2016, eleven former students sued the school for invasion of privacy, alleging that an employee had hidden a camera in a bathroom for senior male students. The employee admitted to filming the boys' showering and was sentenced to a year in prison.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Fernandez|first1=Bob|date=27 May 2016|title=Attorneys: 11 former students prepare to sue over digital camera hidden in Hershey School bathroom|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer|url=https://www.inquirer.com/philly/business/20160528_Attorney__11_former_students_sue_over_digital_camera_hidden_in_Hershey_School_bathroom.html|access-date=29 January 2021}}</ref>

That year, Milton Hershey School's science curriculum supervisor Dr. Jaunine Fouche received the [[Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Expanding the STEM (or STEAM) Pipeline to Diverse Learners|url=https://www.edutopia.org/blog/expanding-steam-pipeline-diverse-learners-suzie-boss|access-date=2021-04-22|website=Edutopia|language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, the Law, Public Safety and Security program at Milton Hershey School was recognized as the Advance [[Center for Teaching Excellence|CTE]] National Program of Excellence.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-30|title=Game Changer · SkillsUSA Champions|url=https://skillsusachampions.org/2020/04/game-changer/|access-date=2021-04-22|website=SkillsUSA Champions|language=en-US}}</ref> The school received its first accreditation from the [[Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies]] (CALEA) for its campus security. <ref name=Second>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-04|title=Milton Hershey School Receives Second Accreditation from CALEA|url=https://www.campussafetymagazine.com/safety/milton-hershey-school-calea/|access-date=2021-04-16|website=Campus Safety Magazine|language=en}}</ref>

Also in 2017, former student Adam Dobson sued the school after the school expelled Dobson for attempting suicide. Dobson later stated that he was forced to watch a religious gay-conversion video. A court dismissed the lawsuit in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Fernandez|first=Bob|title=Federal judge dismisses gay-conversion-related lawsuit by former student against Hershey School|url=https://www.inquirer.com/business/hershey-school-gay-conversion-video-sexual-orientation-lawsuit-federal-judge-20200507.html|access-date=2021-05-18|website=www.inquirer.com|language=en}}</ref>

In 2019, Milton Hershey School's elementary innovation lab instructor received the [[Presidential Award for Excellence in Mathematics and Science Teaching]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-22|title=Central Pa. teacher receives Presidential Award for Excellence|url=https://www.pennlive.com/news/2019/10/central-pa-teacher-receives-presidential-award-for-excellence.html|access-date=2021-04-22|website=pennlive|language=en}}</ref>
 
In 2020, Milton Hershey School received its second CALEA accreditation recognizing the school's Central Monitoring staff for excellence in Public Safety Communications.<ref name=Second/>