Editing Milton Friedman (section)

== Early life ==
Friedman was born in [[Brooklyn]], New York City, on July 31, 1912. His parents, Sára Ethel (née Landau) and Jenő Saul Friedman, were [[Jewish]] working-class immigrants from Beregszász in [[Carpathian Ruthenia]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]] (now [[Berehove]] in Ukraine).<ref name="Friedman-Nobel-1976" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ebenstein|first=Lanny|title=Milton Friedman: A Biography|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0230604094}}</ref> They emigrated to America in their early teens.<ref name="Friedman-Nobel-1976">{{Cite web|title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1976|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1976/friedman/biographical/|access-date=May 13, 2021|website=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}</ref> They both worked as [[dry goods]] merchants. Milton was the youngest of four children and only son.<ref name="Friedman-AA-2021">{{Cite web|title=Milton Friedman, Ph.D.|url=https://achievement.org/achiever/milton-friedman-ph-d/|access-date=May 13, 2021|website=Academy of Achievement|language=en-US}}</ref> Shortly after his birth, the family relocated to [[Rahway, New Jersey]].<ref name="Doherty-2007">{{Cite news|last=Doherty|first=Brian|date=2007|title=The Life and Times of Milton Friedman|work=Reason.com|publisher=[[Reason Foundation]]|url=https://reason.com/2007/02/21/the-life-and-times-of-milton-f/}}</ref> Friedman's father died during Friedman's senior year of high school, leaving Friedman and two older sisters to care for their mother.<ref name="Friedman-Nobel-1976" />

In his early teens, Friedman was injured in a car accident, which scarred his upper lip.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ebenstein|first=Lanny|title=Milton Friedman: A Biography|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0230604094|page=10}}</ref><ref>Milton Friedman, Rose Friedman, ''Two Lucky People. Memoirs'', Chicago 1998, p. 22.</ref> A talented student and an avid reader, Friedman graduated from [[Rahway High School]] in 1928, just before his 16th birthday.<ref name="Friedman-AA-2021" /><ref>{{Cite book|author=Eamonn Butler|year=2011|title=Milton Friedman|series=Harriman Economic Essentials|chapter=Ch. 1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ebenstein|first=Lanny|title=Milton Friedman: A Biography|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0230604094|pages=5–12}}</ref> He was the first in his family to attend a university. Friedman was awarded a competitive scholarship to [[Rutgers University]] and graduated in 1932.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Milton Friedman|url=https://alumni.rutgers.edu/awards-recognition/hall-of-distinguished-alumni/milton-friedman/|access-date=May 10, 2021|website=Rutgers Alumni|language=en-US|archive-date=December 17, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217061214/https://alumni.rutgers.edu/awards-recognition/hall-of-distinguished-alumni/milton-friedman/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Friedman initially intended to become an [[actuary]] or mathematician, however, the state of the economy, which was at this point in a [[Great Depression in the United States|depression]], convinced him to become an economist.<ref name="Friedman-AA-2021" /><ref name="Doherty-2007" /> He was offered two scholarships to do graduate work, one in mathematics at [[Brown University]] and the other in economics at the [[University of Chicago]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Milton Friedman and his start in economics|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhYOtG2pt3w|date=August 2006|publisher=Young America's Foundation|access-date=March 12, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130223172833/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhYOtG2pt3w|archive-date=February 23, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Harms-2006" /> Friedman chose the latter, earning a Master of Arts degree in 1933. He was strongly influenced by [[Jacob Viner]], [[Frank Knight]], and [[Henry Calvert Simons|Henry Simons]]. Friedman met his future wife, economist [[Rose Friedman|Rose Director]], while at the University of Chicago.<ref name="UChi News-2021">{{Cite web|title=Nov. 8 conference to honor University of Chicago economist Milton Friedman on the occasion of his 90th birthday|url=http://www-news.uchicago.edu/releases/02/021030.friedman.shtml|access-date=February 3, 2021|website=www-news.uchicago.edu}}</ref> Friedman was also the student of [[Friedrich Hayek]].<ref name="Jacobin2024">{{cite web |url=https://jacobin.com/2024/05/friedrich-von-hayek-freedom-neoliberalism-democracy|title=Friedrich August von Hayek Was an Enemy of Freedom|last=Solty |first=Ingar |date=May 8, 2024|website=[[Jacobin]]|publisher=Jacobin|quote="He and his followers have always done this in the name of 'liberty.' This word runs throughout Hayek's work, which his student Milton Friedman called the 'battle for freedom.'"}}</ref>

During the 1933–1934 academic year, he had a [[Fellow#Graduate school fellowships|fellowship]] at [[Columbia University]], where he studied statistics with statistician and economist [[Harold Hotelling]]. He was back in Chicago for the 1934–1935 academic year, working as a research assistant for [[Henry Schultz]], who was then working on ''Theory and Measurement of Demand''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 23, 2016|title=Chicago. Theory and Measurement of Demand. Henry Schultz, 1934|url=http://www.irwincollier.com/chicago-theory-and-measurement-of-demand-henry-schultz-1934/|access-date=May 16, 2021|website=Economics in the Rear-View Mirror|language=en-US}}</ref>

During the 1934–1935 academic year, Friedman formed what would later prove to be lifetime friendships with [[George Stigler]] and [[W. Allen Wallis]], both of whom later taught with Friedman at the University of Chicago.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ebenstein|first=Lanny|title=Milton Friedman: A Biography|publisher=St. Martin's Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0230604094|pages=13–30}}</ref> Friedman was also influenced by two lifelong friends, Arthur Burns and Homer Johnson. They helped Friedman better understand the depth of economic thinking.<ref>[https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/bios/Friedman.html Milton Friedman] EconLib</ref>