Editing Miloš Forman (section)

==Early life==
[[File:Miloš Forman school register (SOkA Kutná Hora).jpg|thumb|left|Miloš Forman school register 1941. (SOkA Kutná Hora)]]

Miloš Forman's childhood was marked by the early loss of his parents. Forman was born in [[Čáslav]], Czechoslovakia (now the Czech Republic) to Anna Švábová Forman, who ran a summer hotel. His parents attended a Protestant church.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/14/obituaries/milos-forman-dead.html#:~:text=Forman%20vaguely%20told%20interviewers%20that,%2C%E2%80%9D%20who%20ended%20the%20mystery "Miloš Forman obituary"]. ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'', April 14, 2018</ref> He believed that his father was Rudolf Forman.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bergan |first=Ronald |date=2018-04-15 |title=Miloš Forman obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/apr/15/milos-forman-obituary |access-date=2024-11-05 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> During the [[German occupation of Czechoslovakia|Nazi occupation]], Rudolf, a member of the resistance,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/milos-forman-from-orphan-of-nazi-camps-to-oscar-winning-director/ |title=Milos Forman, from orphan of Nazi camps to Oscar-winning director |publisher=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]] |last=Flemr |first=Jan |website=[[Times of Israel]] |date=14 April 2018}}, April 14, 2018</ref> was arrested for distributing banned books, and reportedly died from typhus<ref>Conf. scan of document [https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/archive/5876788/?p=1&s=Rudolf%20Forman&doc_id=5876800 from the Arolsen Archives] where the words "Fleckfieber" (German for typhus) and apparently "Dora Hosp." are mentioned</ref> in [[Mittelbau-Dora]], a subcamp of the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] in May 1944.<ref>See [http://totenbuch.dora.de/names/details/letter/f/lang/de/page/9/person/2657/ref/names entry Rudolf Forman in the memorial book] of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp</ref><ref>See [https://collections.arolsen-archives.org/en/search/?s=rudolf%20forman (untick the "Include synonym" box) documents on Rudolf Forman], prisoner number 16209, from his detention and death in Buchenwald in the Arolsen Archives</ref><ref name="Wakeman, John 1988">Wakeman, John. World Film Directors, Volume 2. [[H. W. Wilson Company]]. 1988. 349–356.</ref> Another version has it that he died in Mittelbau-Dora during interrogation. Forman's mother had been murdered in [[Auschwitz]] in March the previous year.<ref>She can be found as Anna Forman at the link [http://www.auschwitz.org/muzeum/informacja-o-wiezniach/ (Information on Auschwitz Prisoners); her prisoner number seems to be unknown]</ref><ref name=jjournal>Tugend, Tom. (19 July 2007) [http://www.jewishjournal.com/arts/article/milos_forman_directs_natalie_portman_in_goyas_ghosts_film_melds_art_tour/ Milos Forman directs Natalie Portman in 'Goya's Ghosts'—film melds art tour and history | Arts]. ''[[The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles|Jewish Journal]]''. Retrieved on 23 June 2011.</ref> Forman said that he did not fully understand what had happened to them until he saw footage of the concentration camps when he was 16.<ref name="Wakeman, John 1988"/>

Forman was subsequently raised by two uncles and by family friends.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Milo-Forman Milos Forman Biography], [[Encyclopædia Britannica|Britannica.com]], 14 February 2018; retrieved 25 February 2018.</ref> His older brother Pavel was a painter twelve years his senior, and he emigrated to Australia after the [[1968 invasion of Czechoslovakia]].<ref name="CitySpy">{{cite web|url=https://cz.cityspy.network/prague/features/story-famed-czech-director-milos-forman/|title=The Story of Famed Czech Director Miloš Forman|work=CitySpy Network // Czech Republic / Prague |date=28 August 2017|publisher=Cityspy|access-date=14 April 2018}}</ref> Forman later discovered that his biological father was in fact the Jewish architect Otto Kohn, a survivor of the [[The Holocaust|Holocaust]],<ref name=jjournal/><ref>[http://www.enotes.com/turnaround-salem Turnaround Review – Milos Forman – Salem on Literature]. Enotes.com. Retrieved on 23 June 2011.</ref> and Forman was thus a half-brother of mathematician [[Joseph J. Kohn]].<ref name="CitySpy" />

In his youth, Forman wanted to become a theatrical producer. After attending [[grammar school]] in [[Náchod]], he went to the King George boarding school in [[Poděbrady]], following the end of the war; fellow students included [[Václav Havel]], the [[Josef and Ctirad Mašín|Mašín brothers]], and future film-makers [[Ivan Passer]] and [[Jerzy Skolimowski]].<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/film/2009/mar/11/1?INTCMP=SRCH I Had a Wild Life]. ''The Guardian''; retrieved 23 June 2011.</ref><ref>''Náchod to krásné město Kostelec.'' Náchod 2004, {{ISBN|80-85274-30-2}}, p. 119.</ref>

He later studied screenwriting at the [[Academy of Performing Arts in Prague]]. He was assistant of [[Alfréd Radok]], creator of [[Laterna Magika]]. Along with fellow filmmaker and friend Passer, he left Europe for the United States during the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia]] in summer 1968.<ref>{{cite news|last=Penner|first=John|url=https://www.latimes.com/la-me-col1-milos-forman-czech-film-ivan-passer-2019-story.html|title=Milos Forman, Ivan Passer and their 73-year friendship: Childhood, escaping Czechoslovakia and conquering Hollywood|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=13 December 2019|access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref>