Editing Millenarianism (section)

== Terminology ==
Both ''[[millennialism]]'' and ''millenarianism'' refer to "one thousand". They both derive from the Christian tradition. Neither term strictly refers to "one thousand" in modern [1963] academic usage.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wilson |first1=Bryan |title=Millennialism in Comparative Perspective |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/comparative-studies-in-society-and-history/article/abs/millennialism-in-comparative-perspective/6690CE3917916AEFF59817E1897ABEE4 |journal=Comparative Studies in Society and History |pages=93–114 |language=en |doi=10.1017/S0010417500002000 |date=October 1963|volume=6 }}</ref> Millennialism often refers to a specific type of Christian millenarianism, and is sometimes referred to as '''Chiliasm''' from the New Testament use of the Greek {{Lang|grc-latn|chilia}} {{Gloss|thousand}}.<!-- Taken from the below section which cites Greisiger 2015 -->

The terms ''millennialism'' and ''millenarianism'' are sometimes used interchangeably, as in ''The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism''.<!-- This mhand citation includes a footnote which I cannot access on Google Books. It may draw a more nuanced distinction between the two terms. --><ref name="mhand">{{cite book |last1=Wessinger |first1=Catherine |title=The Oxford Handbook of Millennialism |date=July 2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-061194-1 |pages=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zgUTDAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> [[Stephen Jay Gould]] has argued that this usage is incorrect, stating:
{{blockquote|''Millennium'' is from the Latin {{lang|la|mille}}, "one thousand," and ''annus'', "year"—hence the two n's. ''Millenarian'' is from the Latin {{lang|la|millenarius}}, "containing a thousand (of anything)," hence no {{lang|la|annus}}, and only one "n".<ref>Gould, Stephen Jay. 1997</ref>}}

The application of an [[Apocalypticism|apocalyptic]] timetable to the changing of the world has happened in many cultures and religions, continues to this day, and is not relegated to the [[sect]]s of major [[world religions]],<ref>Landes, Richard A. ''Heaven on Earth: The Varieties of the Millennial Experience''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print.</ref> both [[Abrahamic religions|Abrahamic]] and non-Abrahamic.<ref name="Greisiger 2015">{{cite book |author-last=Greisiger |author-first=Lutz |year=2015 |chapter=Apocalypticism, Millenarianism, and Messianism |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8rhRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA272 |editor1-last=Blidstein |editor1-first=Moshe |editor2-last=Silverstein |editor2-first=Adam J. |editor3-last=Stroumsa |editor3-first=Guy G. |editor3-link=Guy Stroumsa |title=The Oxford Handbook of the Abrahamic Religions |location=[[Oxford]] and [[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=272–294 |doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697762.013.14 |isbn=978-0-19-969776-2 |lccn=2014960132 |s2cid=170614787}}</ref> Increasingly in the study of apocalyptic [[new religious movement]]s, ''millenarianism'' is used to refer to a more cataclysmic and destructive arrival of a [[utopia]]n period as compared to ''millennialism'' which is often used to denote a more peaceful arrival and is more closely associated with a one thousand year utopia.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mayer|first=Jean-François|date=June 2016|title=Millennialism: New Religious Movements and the Quest for a New Age|journal=The Oxford Handbook of New Religious Movements|volume=II|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466176.013.30|editor1-last=Lewis|editor1-first=James R|editor2-last=Tøllefsen|editor2-first=Inga}}</ref>

Christian millennialism is part of the broader form of apocalyptic expectation. A core [[doctrine]] in some variations of [[Christian eschatology]] is the expectation that the [[Second Coming]] is very near and that there will be an establishment of a [[Kingdom of God]] on Earth.<ref name="Greisiger 2015"/> According to an interpretation of [[biblical prophecies]] in the [[Book of Revelation]], this Kingdom of God on Earth will last a thousand years (a ''[[millennium]]'') or more.<ref name=rkark>Kark, Ruth "Millenarism and agricultural settlement in the Holy Land in the nineteenth century," in Journal of Historical Geography, 9, 1 (1983), pp. 47-62</ref>