Editing Metro Manila (section)

==History==
{{See also|History of Manila}}
{{Further|Capital of the Philippines}}

===Kingdom of Maynila===
{{Further|Maynila (historical polity)}}[[File:Map of Manila 1570.png|left|thumb|Map of ancient Manila in 1570. The polity of [[Maynila (historical polity)|Maynila]] shown in yellow.]]

[[Manila]], to the extent that it has this placename, was likely founded in the Middle Ages, in the early 16th century<ref name="Scott19942">{{cite book |last=Scott |first=William Henry |author-link=William Henry Scott (historian) |title=Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society |publisher=Ateneo de Manila University Press |year=1994 |isbn=971-550-135-4 |location=Quezon City}}</ref> due to the Sanskrit origin of the component "nila" in its name which refers to "indigo",<ref name="baumgartner">{{cite journal |last=Baumgartner |first=Joseph |date=March 1975 |title=Manila — Maynilad or Maynila? |journal=Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=52–54 |jstor=29791188}}</ref> and the prevalence of the placename during the rule of [[Rajah Matanda]], the old king of [[Maynila (historical polity)|Maynila]], who was born somewhere between the late 15th century to the early 16th century. The earliest evidence of Hinduism and Sanskrit influence in maritime Southeast Asia is in Sanskrit inscriptions from the late 300s in eastern Kalimantan (or Borneo). This analysis of the placename is supported by many other nearby placenames in the Tagalog region with the prefix "may-".

[[Manila]] has historically been a [[global city]] due to its role for international trade. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Manila was a walled and fortified city and was the capital of the Kingdom of Luzon. Its institution, government, and economy were associated with the Tagalogs and the Kapampangans, and the Malay language was extensively used for foreign affairs as customary in much of Southeast Asia at the time. It was also well known by other Southeast Asian kingdoms such as Cebu, Brunei, Melaka, other Malay kingdoms, and Ternate, and may be known in East Asia as far as China and Japan.

In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, there were several lordships that were either sovereign or tributary such as [[Kingdom of Tondo|Tondo]] (''Tundun''), [[Navotas]] (''Nabútas''), [[Malabon|Tambobong]] (''Tambúbong''), [[Taguig]] (''Tagiig''), [[Parañaque]] (''Palanyág'') and [[Cainta (historical polity)|Cainta]] (''Kaintâ'').<ref name="B&R3Anonymous1572">{{cite book |chapter=Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4NEAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA141 |title=The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T4NEAQAAMAAJ |publisher=Arthur H. Clark Company |year=1903 |editor-last=Blair |editor-first=Emma Helen |editor-link=Emma Helen Blair |volume=3 |location=Ohio, Cleveland |pages=145 |editor-last2=Robertson |editor-first2=James Alexander |editor-link2=James Alexander Robertson}}</ref>

Shortly after Rajah Matanda's birth, sometime around the early 16th century while he was ''rajahmuda'' or heir apparent, his father, the King of Luzon, died, leaving his mother as the queen regent of Luzon.<ref name="AganduruMoriz1882">{{Cite book |last=de Aganduru Moriz |first=Rodrigo |title=Historia general de las Islas Occidentales a la Asia adyacentes, llamadas Philipinas |series=Colección de Documentos inéditos para la historia de España, v.78-79. |publisher=Impr. de Miguel Ginesta |year=1882 |location=Madrid}}</ref> By 1511, Luzonians had been carrying out large-scale trade at least within maritime Southeast Asia with some Luzonians being hired as officials in Melaka and some Luzonian merchants gaining royal favors in Brunei. It was in Melaka that Luzonians met the Portuguese before the Portuguese conquest of Melaka in 1511. In 1521, Rajah Matanda, then still a young man known as Ache, was known in maritime Southeast Asia as the son of the King of Luzon. He married a princess of Brunei and served as an admiral for his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei, in an attack near Java in exchange for soldiers and a fleet of ships. On the way home, he met and had an encounter with a Castilian fleet.<ref name="AganduruMoriz18822">{{Cite book |last=de Aganduru Moriz |first=Rodrigo |year=1882 |title=Historia general de las Islas Occidentales a la Asia adyacentes, llamadas Philipinas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hGJCHnA0ck0C |series=Colección de Documentos inéditos para la historia de España, v. 78-79. |location=Madrid |publisher=Impr. de Miguel Ginesta |oclc=24425618}}</ref>

Some Luzonians in the 1500s had also been taking part in mercenary work in other kingdoms. The Luzonians' commercial influence also reached as far as Butuan. By the 1570s, the ruling class of Manila together with the international Luzonian merchants were Muslim and Islam was spreading through the freemen and the slaves.

On May 24, 1570, the battle of Manila was fought between the Kingdom of Luzon, under the command of the heir apparent Prince Sulayman, and the Kingdom of Spain, under the command of field marshal Martin de Goiti who was aided by some foreign forces. This resulted in the arson and destruction of Manila.<ref name="B&R3Anonymous1572" />

===Spanish rule===
{{Main|Manila (province)}}
[[File:Puerta De Santa Lucia Manila Philippines.jpg|right|thumb|Santa Lucia gate entrance to the original walled city of Manila. (Intramuros)]]
{{Image frame
 | width = 220
 | align = right
 | content = [[File:Manila Province.jpg|220px]]
 | caption = A map of [[Manila (province)|the province of Manila]] during Spanish rule
}}

After destroying Manila, the Spanish set up a settlement to secure territory on the same site on the Luzon island for the Spanish ruler. Initially enclosed in wood, much later in stone, a new walled city of Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies. After setting up a settlement and consolidating some territorial holdings outwards, the Spanish instituted a province known as [[Manila (province)|Manila]].<ref name="B&R3Anonymous1572" />

Later on, the [[Manila galleon]] continually sailed the Pacific from end-to-end, bringing to [[Mexico]] Asian merchandise and cultural exchange.

{{hidden begin|width=38%|border=1px #aaa solid|title=Approximate locations of the towns of the [[Manila (province)|province of Manila]]|ta1=center}}
{{Image label begin|image=Metro_Manila_location_map.svg|width=350|}}
<!--Places-->
{{Image label small|x=0.41 |y=0.54 |scale=150|text=[[Caloocan]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.33 |y=1.37 |scale=350|text=[[Las Piñas]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.40 |y=1.09 |scale=350|text=[[Pasay|Malibay]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.18 |y=0.81 |scale=350|text=[[Intramuros, Manila|Manila]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.76 |y=0.57 |scale=350|text=[[Marikina|Mariquina]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.83 |y=0.21 |scale=350|text=[[Rodriguez, Rizal|Montalban]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.47 |y=1.53 |scale=350|text=[[Muntinlupa]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.08 |y=0.47 |scale=350|text=[[Navotas]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.57 |y=0.23 |scale=350|text=[[Novaliches]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.36 |y=1.24 |scale=350|text=[[Parañaque]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.75 |y=0.87 |scale=350|text=[[Pasig]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.65 |y=1.01 |scale=350|text=[[Pateros]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.29 |y=1.00 |scale=350|text=[[Pasay|Pineda]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.55 |y=0.86 |scale=350|text=[[Mandaluyong|San Felipe<br/>Neri]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.57 |y=0.71 |scale=350|text=[[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan<br/>del Monte]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.83 |y=0.43 |scale=350|text=[[San Mateo, Rizal|San Mateo]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.40 |y=0.96 |scale=350|text=[[Makati|San Pedro Macati]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.58 |y=1.09 |scale=350|text=[[Taguig]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.22 |y=0.50 |scale=350|text=[[Malabon|Tambobong]]}}
<!---Manila Suburbs--->
{{Image label small|x=0.14 |y=0.77 |scale=350|text=[[Binondo]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.34 |y=0.81 |scale=350|text=[[Paco, Manila|Dilao]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.24 |y=0.85 |scale=350|text=[[Ermita]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.26 |y=0.89 |scale=350|text=[[Malate, Manila|Malate]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.44 |y=0.79 |scale=350|text=[[Pandacan]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.30 |y=0.78 |scale=350|text=[[Quiapo, Manila|Quiapo]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.36 |y=0.68 |scale=350|text=[[Sampaloc, Manila|Sampaloc]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.39 |y=0.75 |scale=350|text=[[San Miguel, Manila|San Miguel]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.38 |y=0.87 |scale=350|text=[[Santa Ana, Manila|Santa Ana]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.21 |y=0.74 |scale=350|text=[[Santa Cruz, Manila|Santa Cruz]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.17 |y=0.68 |scale=350|text=[[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]]}}
<!---Provinces--->
{{Image label small|x=0.15 |y=0.18 |scale=350|text=[[Bulacan]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.15 |y=1.57 |scale=350|text=[[Cavite]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.53 |y=1.77 |scale=350|text=[[Laguna (province)|Laguna]]}}
{{Image label small|x=0.72 |y=1.45 |scale=350|text=''[[Laguna de Bay]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.05 |y=0.95 |scale=350|text=''[[Manila Bay]]''}}
{{Image label small|x=0.83 |y=0.85 |scale=350|text=[[Morong (district)|MORONG DISTRICT]]}}
{{image label end}}
{{Hidden end}}

Outside the [[Intramuros|Walled city of Manila]] has become the city's suburbs known as Extramuros (Outside the wall) made up of several pueblos, altogether making up the province known as Tondo which was established in January 1571 and would later on, be renamed as the province of Manila in 1859 with the city of Manila (Intramuros) as its capital.<ref name="manilanotes">{{cite book |author=United States. Adjutant-General's Office. Military Information Division |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ll4vAAAAYAAJ&q=manila&pg=PR6 |title=Military notes on the Philippines: September 1898 |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1898 |location=Washington |issue=20}}</ref><ref name="rizalhistory1">{{cite news |title=Journey to the Past |url=https://www.rizalprovince.ph/pages/history.html |accessdate=February 8, 2023 |website=Rizal Provincial Government}}</ref><ref name="manilashift">{{cite book |last1=Macdonald |first1=Charles J-H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x-OAJJNfD_kC&q=shifts+manila&pg=PA318 |title=Old ties and new solidarities: studies on Philippine communities |last2=Pesigan |first2=Guillermo M. |publisher=ADMU Press |year=2000 |isbn=9789715503518}}</ref><ref>{{cite PH act|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l8b5e|chamber=Act|number=183|date=31 July 1901|title=An act to incorporate the City of Manila|access-date=13 July 2021}}</ref>

===First Philippine Republic===
In the First Philippine Republic, the province included the walled city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. [[Marikina|Mariquina]] also served as the provincial capital of Manila from 1898 to 1899. However, despite almost the entirety of the territory being occupied by Philippine forces, the walled city of Manila was occupied by Spanish forces.

===American rule===
====Creation of the province of Rizal====
During American rule, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated into the newly created province of [[Rizal (province)|Rizal]] on June 11, 1901, by Act No. 137.<ref>{{Cite PH act |url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l2485 |date=June 11, 1901 |title=An Act Extending the Provisions of the Provincial Government Act to the Province of Rizal |chamber=Act |number=137 |access-date=May 26, 2023 |archive-date=August 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814142946/https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l2485 |url-status=live }}</ref> In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, the towns of [[Caloocan]], [[Las Piñas]], [[Marikina|Mariquina]] (now Marikina), [[Pasig]], [[Parañaque]], [[Malabon]], [[Navotas]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan del Monte]] (now San Juan), [[Makati|San Pedro de Macati]] (now Makati), [[Mandaluyong|San Felipe Neri]] (now Mandaluyong), [[Muntinlupa]] and the [[Taguig]]-[[Pateros]] area were designated to Rizal, with Pasig being the provincial capital. On the other hand, [[Valenzuela, Metro Manila|Polo]] (now Valenzuela) remained in [[Bulacan]].

Manila in 1901 was composed of [[Binondo]], [[Ermita]], [[Intramuros]], [[Malate, Manila|Malate]], Manila, [[Pandacan]], [[Quiapo, Manila|Quiapo]], [[Sampaloc, Manila|Sampaloc]], [[Paco, Manila|San Fernando de Dilao]], [[San Miguel, Manila|San Miguel]], [[San Nicolas, Manila|San Nicolas]], [[Santa Ana, Manila|Santa Ana de Sapa]], [[Santa Cruz, Manila|Santa Cruz]], and [[Tondo, Manila|Tondo]].<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=Act|number=183|title=An act to incorporate the City of Manila|url=https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l8b5e|date=July 31, 1901|access-date=May 26, 2023|archive-date=October 2, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002020316/https://lawyerly.ph/laws/view/l8b5e|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the American rule, the American [[architect]] [[Daniel Burnham]] was commissioned to propose a [[Burnham Plan of Manila|Plan of Manila]] for the Philippine government. 

===Philippine Commonwealth===
In 1939, during the [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippine Commonwealth]], President [[Manuel L. Quezon]] established [[Quezon City]] with the objective of replacing [[Manila]] as the capital city of the Philippines. A design for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant the abandonment of Burnham's design for Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital

===Japanese invasion and Second Philippine Republic===
====Creation of the city of Greater Manila====
{{Main|City of Greater Manila}}
[[File:City of Greater Manila map.jpg|thumb|Map of the City of Greater Manila that existed from 1942 to 1945]] 
In 1942, during the [[World War II]], [[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Manuel L. Quezon]] created the [[City of Greater Manila]] as an emergency measure, merging the cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of [[Caloocan]], [[Makati]], [[Mandaluyong]], [[Parañaque]], [[Pasay]], and [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]].<ref name="eo400">{{cite PH act|chamber=EO|number=400, s. 1942|title=Creating the City of Greater Manila|date=January 1, 1942|accessdate=August 24, 2022|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1942/01/01/executive-order-no-400-s-1942/|archive-date=July 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701173652/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1942/01/01/executive-order-no-400-s-1942/|url-status=live}}</ref> Furthermore, Manila was divided into the districts of Bagumbuhay, Bagumpanahon, Bagumbayan, and Bagungdiwa, while Quezon City was divided into the districts of Diliman and Balintawak.<ref>{{cite map |author = |title = Map of the City of Manila |trans-title = |map = |map-url = |date = |year = 1942 |url =https://assets.isu.pub/document-structure/210327135441-504a42fce9e9c0dafe948e678988e3b0/v1/68eac8a829832842ad677a95008f9037.jpg |scale = 1:40,000 |series = |publisher = Division of Drafting and Surveys, Office of the City Engineer and Architect, City of Manila |cartography = |page = |pages = |section = |sections = |inset = |edition = |location = |language = |format = |isbn = |id = |access-date =August 24, 2022 |archive-url = |archive-date =}}</ref> [[Jorge B. Vargas]] was appointed as its first mayor. Mayors in the municipalities and heads in the city districts included in the City of Greater Manila served as district chiefs. This was to ensure that Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have a position of authority recognized under international military law. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established during the Marcos administration. 

After World War II, in 1945, President [[Sergio Osmeña]] signed Executive Order No. 58, which dissolved the city of Greater Manila instituted by former President Quezon.<ref name="eo58">{{cite PH act|chamber=EO|number=58, s. 1945|title=Reducing the Territory of the City of Greater Manila|date=July 25, 1945|accessdate=August 24, 2022|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1945/07/26/executive-order-no-58-s-1945/|archive-date=March 8, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308195829/https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1945/07/26/executive-order-no-58-s-1945/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Third Philippine Republic===
====Creation of the National Capital Region====
[[World War II]] resulted in the loss of more than 100,000 lives in the [[Battle of Manila (1945)|battle of Manila]] in 1945. Most of the developments in Burnham's design were also destroyed. Later on, Quezon City was eventually declared as the [[national capital]] in 1948 and later expanded to the areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Caloocan, Marikina, and [[San Mateo, Rizal]]. 

====Reinstitution as Metropolitan Manila under martial law====
On February 27, 1975, a [[1975 Philippine executive and legislative powers referendum|referendum]] was held wherein residents of Greater Manila approved granting President [[Ferdinand Marcos]] the authority to restructure the local governments into an integrated system like a manager-commission for under such terms and conditions as he may decide. On November 7, 1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission was also created to manage the region.<ref name="PD824" /> On June 2, 1978, through Presidential Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital Region of the Philippines.<ref name="PD1396">{{cite PH act|url=https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/26/16961|title=Creating the Department of Human Settlements and the Human Settlements Development Corporation, Appropriating Funds Therefor, and Accordingly Amending Certain Presidential Decrees|chamber=PD|number=1396|date=1978-06-02|publisher=[[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court E-Library]]|accessdate=2023-07-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230710122046/https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/26/16961|archivedate=2023-07-10|url-status=live}}</ref> When Metro Manila was established, there were four cities, [[Manila]], [[Quezon City]], [[Caloocan]], [[Pasay]] and the thirteen municipalities of [[Las Piñas]], [[Makati]], [[Malabon]], [[Mandaluyong]], [[Marikina]], [[Muntinlupa]], [[Navotas]], [[Parañaque]], [[Pasig]], [[Pateros]], [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]], [[Taguig]], and [[Valenzuela, Philippines|Valenzuela]]. At present, all but one of these municipalities have become independent chartered cities; only Pateros still remains as a [[Municipalities of the Philippines|municipality]].

President Marcos appointed his wife, [[First Spouse of the Philippines|First Lady]] [[Imelda Marcos]], as the first [[governor of Metro Manila]]. She launched the [[City of Man]] campaign. The [[Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex]], Metropolitan [[Tanghalang Francisco Balagtas|Folk Arts Theater]], [[Philippine International Convention Center]], [[Coconut Palace]] and healthcare facilities such as the [[Lung Center of the Philippines]], [[Philippine Heart Center]], and the [[National Kidney and Transplant Institute|Kidney Center of the Philippines]] are all constructed precisely for this purpose. 

The capital of the Philippines was re-designated to [[Manila]] in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940. The decree states that Manila has always been, to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines, being the center of trade, commerce, education, and culture. While the then-newly formed region was designated as the [[seat of government]].<ref>{{cite PH act|chamber=PD|number=940|url=http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno940.html#.UXU0i8qwV7k|title=Establishing Manila as the Capital of the Philippines and as the Permanent Seat of the National Government |date=June 24, 1976|publisher=Chan C. Robles Virtual Law Library|access-date=April 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307060640/http://www.chanrobles.com/presidentialdecrees/presidentialdecreeno940.html#.UXU0i8qwV7k|archive-date=March 7, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Fourth Philippine Republic===
President Marcos was overthrown in a [[Nonviolence|non-violent]] revolution along [[EDSA]], which lasted four days in late February 1986. The popular uprising, now known as the [[People Power Revolution]], made international headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world".<ref name="Gandhi">{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Ravindra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lTNpstqGlAMC&pg=PA168 |title=Mahatma Gandhi At The Close Of Twentieth Century |publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd |year=2004 |isbn=978-81-261-1736-9 |page=168 |access-date=February 3, 2018 |archive-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021155851/https://books.google.com/books?id=lTNpstqGlAMC&pg=PA168 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Fifth Philippine Republic===
In 1986, President [[Corazon Aquino]] laid down the Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing and changing the structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan Manila Authority. [[Mayors of Metro Manila|Mayors]] in the metropolis chose from among themselves the chair of the agency. Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995 through Republic Act No. 7924, creating the present-day [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority]]. The chairperson of the agency would be appointed by the President and should not have a concurrent elected position such as mayor. Elfren Cruz was the last to serve as the Officer-In-Charge governor of Metro Manila.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Was Marcos right? Do we need a governor for Metro Manila? |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/article/40147/roundtable--was-marcos-right-do-we-need-a-governor-for-metro-manila |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151158/http://www.interaksyon.com/article/40147/roundtable--was-marcos-right-do-we-need-a-governor-for-metro-manila |archive-date=April 2, 2015 |access-date=March 27, 2015 |publisher=[[News5|InterAksyon]]}}</ref>

Throughout 1988, unemployment among the country's regions was highest in Metro Manila, with 20.1% of the region's workforce being jobless according to the [[Department of Labor and Employment]] (DOLE) and the [[Philippine Statistics Authority|National Statistics Office]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=de Jesus |first=Sandra |date=January 3, 1988 |title=DOLE: 10.6% unemployed |page=2 |work=[[Manila Standard]] |publisher=Standard Publications, Inc. |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19880103&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=October 31, 2021 |archive-date=October 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030175450/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=8cBNEdFwSQkC&dat=19880103&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=September 10, 1988 |title=619,000 in Metro looking for jobs |page=11 |work=[[Manila Standard]] |publisher=Manila Standard News, Inc. |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lZxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jAsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6620%2C790264 |access-date=February 6, 2022 |quote=Using January as a reference point, NSO notes a deterioration in the city's [sic] employment situation since there were 2.392 million job holders at the start of the year compared with the 2.329 million employed counted at middle of the year. |archive-date=February 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206043100/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=lZxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jAsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6620,790264 |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2014, then-MMDA chairman [[Francis Tolentino]] proposed that [[San Pedro, Laguna]] be included in Metro Manila as its 18th member city. Tolentino said that in the first meeting of the MMDA Council of mayors in January 2015, he would push for the inclusion of the city to the [[Metropolitan Manila Development Authority|MMDA]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 30, 2014 |title=San Pedro City eyed as 18th member of MMDA |work=[[Manila Bulletin]] |url=http://www.mb.com.ph/san-pedro-city-eyed-as-18th-member-of-mmda/ |url-status=dead |access-date=March 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231114421/http://www.mb.com.ph/san-pedro-city-eyed-as-18th-member-of-mmda/ |archive-date=December 31, 2014}}</ref> Senator [[Koko Pimentel|Aquilino "Koko" Pimentel III]] filed Senate Bill No. 3029, which seeks to create San Pedro as a separate legislative district to commence in the next national and local elections if the bill was passed into law.<ref name=":0">{{Cite press release |title=Koko seeks the creation of San Pedro City as a separate congressional district |date=January 4, 2016 |url=http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2016/0104_pimentel1.asp |access-date=September 8, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907183015/http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2016/0104_pimentel1.asp |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |website=Senate of the Philippines}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2015 |title=Senate Bill No. 3029: An Act Separating the City of San Pedro from The First Legislative District of The Province of Laguna To Constitute the Lone Legislative of San Pedro |url=https://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=16&q=SBN-3029 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180908130756/http://www.senate.gov.ph/lis/bill_res.aspx?congress=16&q=SBN-3029 |archive-date=September 8, 2018 |access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref>

In April 2022, Makati [[Makati–Taguig boundary dispute|lost the territorial dispute]] with Taguig regarding the Fort Bonifacio Military Reservation, which was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. The entire military reservation which includes [[Bonifacio Global City]], and the ten [[Embo, Taguig|Enlisted Men's Barrios (EMBO)]] barangays, were declared as part of [[Taguig]]. The ten EMBO barangays were reintegrated to Taguig in 2023.<ref name="laud">{{cite news|url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/4/3/taguig-lgu-lauds-sc-decision-over-fort-bonifacio-ownership|title=Taguig LGU lauds SC decision over Fort Bonifacio ownership|first=Jonathan|last=Hicap|date=April 3, 2023|work=Manila Bulletin}}</ref><ref name="cayabyab">{{cite news|url=https://www.philstar.com/nation/2023/04/05/2256966/makati-raises-constitutional-issues-bgc-land-dispute|title=Makati raises 'constitutional' issues in BGC land dispute|first=Marc Jayson|last=Cayabyab|date=April 5, 2023|accessdate=April 6, 2023|work=The Philippine Star}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Caliwan |first=Christopher Lloyd |date=November 8, 2023 |title=DILG's Taguig office to take control of 10 EMBO villages |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1213248 |work=Philippine News Agency |access-date=November 9, 2023}}</ref>