Editing McClain County, Oklahoma (section)

==History==
The Chickasaw tribe began moving into this area in 1837, when the land had already been assigned to the Choctaws by the U.S. government. In 1855, the area became part of the [[Chickasaw Nation]], after the two tribes officially separated. The present McClain County became part of Pontotoc County, [[Chickasaw Nation]] and remained so until Oklahoma attained statehood. Few Chickasaws lived here because of hostilities with western tribes (e.g., Kiowa). Major Richard Mason established Camp Holmes (also called Camp Mason) in 1835, near the present city of [[Lexington, Oklahoma|Lexington]], while negotiating a treaty between the western tribes and the newly arrived Choctaws. Federal troops abandoned the camp in August 1835, after the Treaty of Camp Holmes was signed.<ref name="okhs"/>

[[Auguste Pierre Chouteau]] built a trading post at the Camp Holmes site, but it closed after Chouteau died in 1838. [[Randolph Marcy]] is credited with bringing the California Road through this area in 1849. The U.S. Army built Camp Arbuckle in 1850 to protect the road, but the troops were withdrawn to what is now [[Garvin County, Oklahoma]] in the following year.<ref name="okhs"/>

[[Jesse Chisholm]] also operated a trading post in this area around 1850. A group of Delaware Indians occupied the former camp, then known as Beaversville, but left before the outbreak of the Civil War.<ref name="okhs"/>

Montford T. Johnson, a rancher, moved to this area after the Civil War. He and Jesse Chisholm, who acted as the negotiator, obtained an agreement with the Chickasaw leaders to allow ranching on their land, provided no whites were employed. Thereafter, Johnson built a ranch and hired a Chickasaw freedman to operate it. He then established other ranches and hired another freedman to run those.<ref name="okhs"/>

The Southern Kansas Railway built a line south from Kansas to present McClain County in 1886–7, and the [[Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe Railway]] (both of which were controlled by the [[Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway]], AT&SF) built a line north from Texas, meeting at and founding the town of Purcell. Eastern Oklahoma Railroad (later acquired by the AT&SF) laid tracks in 1900-04 from Newkirk to Pauls Valley, passing through eastern McClain County. In 1906 the [[Oklahoma Central Railroad (1914–42)|Oklahoma Central Railway]] (sold to AT&SF in 1914) built a line that traversed McClain County from the southeast to the northwest. It ran through Byars and Purcell, and established Washington, Cole, and Blanchard.<ref name="okhs"/>

Purcell was a starting point for the Land Run of 1889. It also was at the dividing line between Indian Territory, where alcohol could not be sold, and Oklahoma Territory, where alcohol sale was legal. The town of Lexington, across the river from Purcell, had numerous saloons. In 1899, the Purcell Bridge Company built a toll bridge across the river, profiting from the alcohol trade.<ref name="okhs"/>