Editing May 31 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[455]] &ndash; Emperor [[Petronius Maximus]] is [[Stoning|stoned to death]] by an [[Ochlocracy|angry mob]] while fleeing [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]. 
*[[1215]] &ndash; [[Zhongdu]] (now Beijing), then under the control of the [[Jurchen people|Jurchen]] ruler [[Emperor Xuanzong of Jin]], is captured by the [[Mongols]] under [[Genghis Khan]], ending the [[Battle of Zhongdu]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Harl |first=Kenneth W. |title=Empires of the Steppes: A History of the Nomadic Tribes Who Shaped Civilization |location=Toronto |publisher=Hanover Square Press |date=2023 |isbn=9781335429278 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DEtXEAAAQBAJ |page=91}}</ref>
*[[1223]] &ndash; Mongol invasion of the Cumans: [[Battle of the Kalka River]]: [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] armies of [[Genghis Khan]] led by [[Subutai]] defeat [[Kievan Rus']] and [[Cumans]].
*[[1293]] &ndash; [[Mongol invasion of Java]] was a [[punitive expedition]] against King [[Kertanegara]] of [[Singhasari]], who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with failure for the [[Mongols]]. Regarded as establish City of [[Surabaya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://indonesia.knoji.com/history-of-surabaya-east-java-indonesia/ |title=History of Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia |last=Knoji |website=indonesia.knoji.com |access-date=2018-10-16 |archive-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016165121/https://indonesia.knoji.com/history-of-surabaya-east-java-indonesia/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://seasia.co/2017/11/16/how-a-javanese-king-defeated-a-powerful-mongolian-emperor |title=How a Javanese King Defeated a Powerful Mongolian Emperor? &#124; Seasia.co |work=Good News from Southeast Asia |access-date=2018-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181016204759/https://seasia.co/2017/11/16/how-a-javanese-king-defeated-a-powerful-mongolian-emperor |archive-date=2018-10-16}}</ref>
*[[1578]] &ndash; King [[Henry III of France|Henry III]] lays the first stone of the [[Pont Neuf]] (''New Bridge''), the oldest bridge of [[Paris|Paris, France]].<ref>Lasteyrie, R. de (1882). "Documents inédits sur la construction du Pont-Neuf," [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6322850r/f53.image.langEN ''Mémoires de la Société de l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile de France''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724191116/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6322850r/f53.image.langEN |date=2020-07-24 }}, vol. 9 (1882), p. 47.</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1610]] &ndash; The pageant ''[[London's Love to Prince Henry]]'' on the [[River Thames]] celebrates the creation of [[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales|Prince Henry]] as [[Prince of Wales]].<ref>David M. Bergeron, 'Creating Entertainments for Prince Henry's Creation (1610)', ''Comparative Drama'', vol. 42, No. 4 (Winter 2008), pp. 433–449.</ref>
*[[1669]] &ndash; Citing poor eyesight as a reason, [[Samuel Pepys]] records the last event in [[Samuel Pepys#The diary|his diary]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Samuel Pepys |title=The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Vol. 10: Companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J-JSalViBrMC&pg=PA178 |date=29 March 2001 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-22715-6 |pages=178–}}</ref>
*[[1775]] &ndash; [[American Revolution]]: The [[Mecklenburg Resolves]] are adopted in the [[Province of North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Hugh Talmage Lefler |title=North Carolina History Told by Contemporaries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L6OAAAAIAAJ |year=1956 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |page=100}}</ref>
*[[1790]] &ndash; [[Manuel Quimper]] explores the [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]].<ref>{{cite book |author1=Dennis Reinhartz |author2=Gerald D. Saxon |title=Mapping and Empire: Soldier-Engineers on the Southwestern Frontier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRTUAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT54 |date=1 January 2010 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-77441-4 |page=54}}</ref>
*  1790   &ndash; The United States enacts its first [[Copyright law of the United States|copyright statute]], the [[Copyright Act of 1790]].
*[[1795]] &ndash; [[French Revolution]]: The [[Revolutionary Tribunal]] is suppressed.
*[[1805]] &ndash; French and Spanish forces begin the [[Battle of Diamond Rock|assault]] against British forces occupying [[Diamond Rock]], Martinique.
*[[1813]] &ndash; In Australia, [[William Lawson (explorer)|William Lawson]], [[Gregory Blaxland]] and [[William Wentworth]] reach [[Mount Blaxland, New South Wales|Mount Blaxland]], effectively marking the end of a route across the [[Blue Mountains (New South Wales)|Blue Mountains]].
*[[1859]] &ndash; The clock tower at the [[Palace of Westminster|Houses of Parliament]], which houses [[Big Ben]], starts keeping time.
*[[1862]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Peninsula Campaign]]: Confederate forces under [[Joseph E. Johnston]] and [[Gustavus Woodson Smith|G.W. Smith]] [[Battle of Seven Pines|engage]] Union forces under [[George B. McClellan]] outside the Confederate capital of [[Richmond, Virginia]].
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: [[Overland Campaign]]: [[Battle of Cold Harbor]]: The [[Army of Northern Virginia]] engages the [[Army of the Potomac]].
*[[1879]] &ndash; Gilmore's Garden in New York City is renamed [[Madison Square Garden (1879)|Madison Square Garden]] by [[William Henry Vanderbilt]] and is opened to the public at 26th Street and [[Madison Avenue]].
*[[1884]] &ndash; The arrival at [[Plymouth]] of [[Tāwhiao]], King of [[Māori people|Maoris]], to claim the protection of [[Queen Victoria]].
*[[1889]] &ndash; [[Johnstown Flood]]: Over 2,200 people die after a dam fails and sends a 60-foot (18-meter) wall of water over the town of [[Johnstown, Pennsylvania]].
===1901–present===
*[[1902]] &ndash; [[Second Boer War]]: The [[Treaty of Vereeniging]] ends the war and ensures British control of South Africa.<ref>{{cite web |title=BBC - History: British History Timeline |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/worldwars_timeline_noflash.shtml |website=www.bbc.co.uk |access-date=8 October 2020 |archive-date=27 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127015243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/timeline/worldwars_timeline_noflash.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1906]] &ndash; [[Morral affair|The attempted regicide]] of Spanish King [[Alfonso XIII]] and Queen [[Victoria Eugenie]] on [[Wedding of King Alfonso XIII and Princess Victoria Eugenie|their wedding]] day instead kills 24<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Avrich |first1=Paul |author-link=Paul Avrich |title=[[The Modern School Movement: Anarchism and Education in the United States]] |chapter=The Martyrdom of Ferrer |date=1980 |isbn=0-691-04669-7 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=Princeton |oclc=489692159 |df=mdy-all |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X6X_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA3 |access-date=April 17, 2018 |pages=27–28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sanabria |first1=Enrique A. |title=Republicanism and Anticlerical Nationalism in Spain |date=2009 |chapter=Republicanism, Anarchism, Anticlericalism, and the Attempted Regicide of 1906 |isbn=978-0-230-61331-7 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=New York |df=mdy-all |page=101}}</ref>
*[[1909]] &ndash; The [[National Negro Committee]], forerunner to the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP), convenes for the first time.
*[[1910]] &ndash; The [[South Africa Act 1909|South Africa Act]] comes into force, establishing the [[Union of South Africa]].
*[[1911]] &ndash; The [[RMS Titanic|RMS ''Titanic'']] is launched in [[Belfast]], Northern Ireland.
*  1911   &ndash; The [[President of Mexico]] [[Porfirio Díaz]] flees the country during the [[Mexican Revolution]].
*[[1916]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: [[Battle of Jutland]]: The British [[Grand Fleet]] engages the [[High Seas Fleet]] in the largest naval battle of the war, which proves indecisive.
*[[1921]] &ndash; The [[Tulsa race massacre]] kills at least 39, but other estimates of black fatalities vary from 55 to about 300.
*[[1924]] &ndash; [[Hope Development School fire]] kills 24 people, mostly disabled children.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=1924-06-02 |title=23 Burn to Death in California Home for Deficient Girls |url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1924/06/02/issue.html |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=New York Times |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1935]] &ndash; A 7.7 {{M|w}} [[1935 Quetta earthquake|earthquake]] destroys [[Quetta]] in modern-day [[Pakistan]] killing 40,000.
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[Anglo-Iraqi War]]: The United Kingdom completes the re-occupation of [[Iraq]] and returns [['Abd al-Ilah]] to power as regent for [[Faisal II of Iraq|Faisal II]].
*[[1942]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] [[midget submarine]]s begin a series of [[attack on Sydney Harbour|attacks on Sydney]], Australia.
*[[1947]] &ndash; [[Ferenc Nagy]], the democratically elected [[Prime Minister of Hungary]], resigns from office after blackmail from the [[Hungarian Communist Party]] accusing him of being part of a plot against the state. This grants the Communists effective control of the Hungarian government.<ref>The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Hungary 1944-1953, Part 2.[http://www.rev.hu/history_of_45/ora2/ora2_e.htm Communist take-over, 1946–1949] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922020403/http://rev.hu/history_of_45/ora2/ora2_e.htm |date=2020-09-22 }}</ref>
*[[1951]] &ndash; The [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]] takes effect as the legal system of the [[United States Armed Forces]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Court-Martial Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/11/us/court-martial-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=CNN |publisher=CNN Editorial |date=11 July 2013 |archive-date=2023-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110023455/https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/11/us/court-martial-fast-facts/index.html |url-status=live}}</ref> 
*[[1955]] &ndash; The [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] expands on its [[Brown II|''Brown v. Board of Education'']] decision by ordering [[United States district court|district courts]] and [[school district]]s to enforce [[School integration in the United States|educational desegregation]] "at all deliberate speed."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Riding Freedom: 10 Milestones in U.S. Civil Rights History &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/list/riding-freedom-10-milestones-in-us-civil-rights-history |access-date=2022-01-13 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113064814/https://www.britannica.com/list/riding-freedom-10-milestones-in-us-civil-rights-history |url-status=live}}</ref>  
*[[1961]] &ndash; The [[South African Constitution of 1961]] becomes effective, thus creating the [[Republic of South Africa]], which remains outside the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] until 1 June 1994, when South Africa is returned to Commonwealth membership.
*  1961   &ndash; In [[Moscow City Court]], the [[Rokotov–Faibishenko case|Rokotov–Faibishenko]] [[show trial]] begins, despite the [[Khrushchev Thaw]] to [[De-Stalinization|reverse Stalinist elements in Soviet society]].
*[[1962]] &ndash; The [[West Indies Federation]] dissolves.
*[[1970]] &ndash; The 7.9 {{M|w}} [[1970 Ancash earthquake|Ancash earthquake]] shakes [[Peru]] with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VIII (''Severe'') and a [[landslide]] buries the town of [[Yungay, Peru]]. Between 66,794 and 70,000 were killed and 50,000 were injured.
*[[1971]] &ndash; In accordance with the [[Uniform Monday Holiday Act]] passed by the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] in [[1968]], observation of [[Memorial Day]] occurs on the last Monday in May for the first time, rather than on the traditional [[Memorial Day]] of [[May 30]].
*[[1973]] &ndash; The [[United States Senate]] votes to cut off funding for the bombing of [[Khmer Rouge]] targets within [[Cambodia]], hastening the end of the [[Cambodian Civil War]].
*  1973   &ndash; [[Indian Airlines Flight 440]] crashes near [[Indira Gandhi International Airport|Palam Airport]] in [[Delhi]], killing 48.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 737-2A8 VT-EAM Delhi-Indira Gandhi International Airport (DEL) |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19730531-0 |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]] |archive-date=2022-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604033004/https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19730531-0 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[1977]] &ndash; The [[Trans-Alaska Pipeline System]] is completed.
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak|United States–Canada tornado outbreak]]: Forty-one tornadoes hit [[Ohio]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[New York (state)|New York]], and [[Ontario]], leaving 76 dead.
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Bicesse Accords]] in [[Angola]] lay out a transition to multi-party [[democracy]] under the supervision of the [[United Nations]]' [[United Nations Angola Verification Mission II|UNAVEM II]] peacekeeping mission.
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Air France]] retires its fleet of [[Concorde]] aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Musée de l'Air et de Espace on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/MuseeAirEspace/status/1531515820580405249 |access-date=2022-05-31 |archive-date=2022-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531203635/https://twitter.com/museeairespace/status/1531515820580405249 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' reveals that [[Mark Felt]] was "[[Deep Throat (Watergate)|Deep Throat]]".
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Usain Bolt]] breaks the world record in the 100m sprint, with a wind-legal (+1.7&nbsp;m/s) 9.72 seconds
*[[2010]] &ndash; Israeli [[Shayetet 13]] commandos [[Gaza flotilla raid|boarded]] the [[Gaza Freedom Flotilla]] while still in international waters trying to break the [[Blockade of the Gaza Strip|ongoing blockade]] of the [[Gaza Strip]]; nine Turkish citizens on the flotilla were killed in the ensuing violent affray.
*[[2013]] &ndash; The [[asteroid]] [[(285263) 1998 QE2|1998 QE2]] and its [[Natural satellite|moon]] make their [[List of asteroid close approaches to Earth|closest approach to Earth]] for the next two centuries.
*  2013   &ndash; A record breaking [[2013 El Reno tornado|2.6 mile wide tornado]] strikes near [[El Reno, Oklahoma]], United States, causing eight fatalities (including three storm chasers) and over 150 injuries.
*[[2016]] &ndash; [[Syrian civil war]]: The [[Syrian Democratic Forces]] (SDF) launch the [[Manbij offensive (2016)|Manbij offensive]], in order to capture the city of [[Manbij]] from the [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant]] (ISIL).<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-offensive-idUSKCN0YN377 |title=Exclusive: U.S.-backed Syria forces launch offensive for Manbij pocket – U.S. officials |date=1 June 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |newspaper=Reuters |archive-date=12 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412184735/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-offensive-idUSKCN0YN377 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUKKCN0YN4HA |title=Turkey not contributing to U.S.-backed Syria operation near Manbij – source |access-date=6 June 2016 |newspaper=Reuters |date=June 2016 |archive-date=7 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107175853/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUKKCN0YN4HA |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2016/Jun-01/354666-us-backed-syria-forces-launch-offensive-for-manbij-pocket-us-officials.ashx |title=US-backed Syria forces launch offensive for Manbij pocket: US officials |work=The Daily Star Newspaper - Lebanon |date=June 2016 |access-date=6 June 2016 |archive-date=27 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427125629/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2016/Jun-01/354666-us-backed-syria-forces-launch-offensive-for-manbij-pocket-us-officials.ashx}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/us-pyd-hit-isil-in-syria-turkey-doesnt-take-part.aspx?pageID=238&nID=99956&NewsCatID=510 |title=US, PYD hit ISIL in Syria, Turkey doesn't take part |work=Hürriyet Daily News |access-date=2021-07-20 |archive-date=2017-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019070942/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/us-pyd-hit-isil-in-syria-turkey-doesnt-take-part.aspx?pageID=238&nID=99956&NewsCatID=510 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[2017]] &ndash; A [[May 2017 Kabul attack|car bomb explodes]] in a crowded intersection in [[Kabul]] near the [[Embassy of Germany, Kabul|German embassy]] during rush hour, killing over 90 and injuring 463.
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[2019 Virginia Beach shooting|A shooting]] occurs inside a municipal building at [[Virginia Beach]], [[Virginia]], leaving 13 people dead, including the shooter, and four others injured.