Editing May 13 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[1344]] &ndash; A [[Latin Christian]] fleet defeats a Turkish fleet in the [[battle of Pallene]] during the [[Smyrniote crusades]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Setton |first1=Kenneth Meyer |title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries |date=1976 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-87169-114-9 |page=190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Gm79HuBY0cC |access-date=1 September 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1373]] &ndash; [[Julian of Norwich]] has [[Visions of Jesus and Mary|visions of Jesus]] while suffering from a life-threatening illness, visions which are later described and interpreted in her book ''[[Revelations of Divine Love]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Magill |first=Kevin |chapter=Julian of Norwich (1342-c.1416) |editor-last=Markham |editor-first=Ian S. |title=The Blackwell Companion to the Theologians. Vol. 1: Early Church to the Reformation |location=Chichester, UK |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |date=2009 |isbn=9781405135078 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Op9Y3UqIWU8C |page=301}}</ref>
*[[1501]] &ndash; [[Amerigo Vespucci]], this time under Portuguese flag, set sail for western lands.<ref>{{cite book |first=Clifton |last=Daniel |title=Chronicle of America |publisher=Chronicle publication |year=1989 |page=20 |isbn=0-13-133745-9}}</ref> 
*[[1568]] &ndash; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], is defeated at the [[Battle of Langside]], part of the [[Marian civil war|civil war between Queen Mary and the supporters of her son, James VI.]]<ref>''Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland'', vol. 12 (Edinburgh, 1970), pp. 128–134: Holinshed, Raphael, ''Chronicles: Scotland'', vol. 5 (London, 1808), 634: [https://books.google.com/books?id=l1QJAAAAQAAJ ''Bannatyne Miscellany'', vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1827), pp. 23-29:] ''CSP. Scotland'', vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), nos. 700, 703, 716, 717.</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1612]] &ndash; Sword duel between [[Miyamoto Musashi]] and [[Sasaki Kojiro]] on the shores of Ganryū Island. Kojiro dies at the end.<ref name="lowry">{{cite book |last=Lowry |first=Dave |author-link=Dave Lowry (martial arts) |date=1986 |title=Bokken: Art of the Japanese Sword |publisher=Ohara Publications |page=21&ndash;27 |isbn=978-0-89750-104-0}}</ref><ref name="scott">{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=William Scott |title=The Lone Samurai: The Life of Miyamoto Musashi |date=2004 |publisher=Kodansha International |location=Tokyo |isbn=9784770029423 |page=19 |edition=1st |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0p0C7Y8lkH8C&q=musashi+came+late+and+unkempt&pg=PA18}}</ref>
*[[1619]] &ndash; Dutch statesman [[Johan van Oldenbarnevelt]] is executed in [[The Hague]] after being convicted of [[treason]].
*[[1654]] &ndash; A Venetian fleet under Admiral [[Cort Adeler]] breaks through a line of galleys and defeats the Turkish navy.<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://nbl.snl.no/Cort_Adeler |title=Cort Adeler |first=Øystein |last=Rian |date=Feb 25, 2020 |via=Store norske leksikon}}</ref>
*[[1779]] &ndash; [[War of the Bavarian Succession]]: Russian and French mediators at the [[Congress of Teschen]] negotiate an end to the war. In the agreement Austria receives the part of its territory that was taken from it (the [[Innviertel]]).
*[[1780]] &ndash; The [[Cumberland Compact]] is signed by leaders of the settlers in the [[Cumberland River]] area of what would become the [[U.S. state]] of [[Tennessee]], providing for democratic government and a formal system of justice.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bays |first=Bill |title=James Robertson, Father of Tennessee and Founder of Nashville |location=Bloomington, Ind. |publisher=WestBow Press |date=2013 |isbn=9781490817156 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lNpXAgAAQBAJ |pages=151–152 |postscript=none}}; {{cite book |last=Hamer |first=Philip M. |title=Tennessee: A History, 1673-1932 |location=New York |publisher=The American Historical Society |date=1933 |oclc=2078145 |pages=105–107}}</ref>
*[[1804]] &ndash; Forces sent by [[Yusuf Karamanli]] of Tripoli to [[Battle of Derne|retake Derna]] from the Americans attack the city.
*[[1830]] &ndash; [[Ecuador]] gains its independence from [[Gran Colombia]].
*[[1846]] &ndash; [[Mexican–American War]]: The [[United States]] [[United States declaration of war on Mexico|declares war]] on the [[Second Federal Republic of Mexico|Federal Republic of Mexico]] following a dispute over the American [[Texas annexation|annexation]] of the [[Republic of Texas]] and a Mexican military [[Thornton Affair|incursion]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Timothy J. |title=A Glorious Defeat: Mexico and Its War With the United States |location=New York |publisher=Hill and Wang |date=2008 |isbn=9780809049677 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QRLQRK75BXgC |pages=154–156}}</ref>
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "[[United Kingdom and the American Civil War|proclamation of neutrality]]" which recognizes the Confederacy as having belligerent rights.
*  1861   &ndash; The [[Great Comet of 1861]] is discovered by [[John Tebbutt]] of [[Windsor, New South Wales]], Australia.
*  1861   &ndash; [[Pakistan Railways|Pakistan]]'s (then a part of British India) [[History of rail transport in Pakistan|first railway line]]  opens, from [[Karachi]] to [[Kotri]].
*[[1862]] &ndash; The {{USS|Planter|1862|6}}, a steamer and gunship, steals through Confederate lines and is passed to the Union, by a southern slave, [[Robert Smalls]], who later was officially appointed as captain, becoming the first black man to command a United States ship.
*[[1888]] &ndash; With the passage of the ''[[Lei Áurea]]'' ("Golden Law"), the [[Empire of Brazil]] abolishes [[slavery]].

===1901–present===
*[[1909]] &ndash; [[1909 Giro d'Italia|The first edition]] of the [[Giro d'Italia]], a long-distance multiple-[[Race stage|stage]] bicycle race, began in [[Milan]]; the Italian cyclist [[Luigi Ganna]] was the eventual winner.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2012 |title=Tour d'Italie ou Giro d'Italia |trans-title=Tour of Italy or Giro d'Italia |url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Tour_dItalie/147186 |access-date=10 August 2012 |publisher=Larousse.fr |language=fr}}</ref>
*[[1912]] &ndash; The [[Royal Flying Corps]], the forerunner of the [[Royal Air Force]], is established in the United Kingdom.
*[[1917]] &ndash; Three children report the first apparition of [[Our Lady of Fátima]] in [[Fátima, Portugal]].
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Battle of France|Germany's conquest of France]] begins, as the German army crosses the [[Meuse]]. [[Winston Churchill]] makes his "[[blood, toil, tears, and sweat]]" speech to the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].
*[[1943]] &ndash; World War II: [[Operations Vulcan and Strike]] force the surrender of the last Axis troops in Tunisia.
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: [[Yevgeny Khaldei]]'s photograph ''[[Raising a Flag over the Reichstag]]'' is published in ''[[Ogonyok]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sontheimer |first=Michael |date=2008-07-05 |title=The Art of Soviet Propaganda: Iconic Red Army Reichstag Photo Faked |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,551972,00.html |access-date=2011-06-03 |publisher=[[Der Spiegel]]}}</ref>
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[1948 Arab–Israeli War|Arab–Israeli War]]: The [[Kfar Etzion massacre]] occurs, a day prior to the [[Israeli Declaration of Independence]].
*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Aeroflot Flight 17]] crashes on approach to [[Severny Airport]] in [[Novosibirsk]], killing 25.<ref name="B3A">{{cite web |title=Crash of a Ilyushin II-12 in Novosibirsk: 25 killed |url=https://www.baaa-acro.com/crash/crash-ilyushin-ii-12-novosibirsk-25-killed |access-date=1 December 2024 |publisher=B3A Archives}}</ref>
*[[1950]] &ndash; The [[1950 British Grand Prix|inaugural]] [[Formula One]] World Championship race takes place at [[Silverstone Circuit]]. The race was won by [[Giuseppe Farina]], who would go on to become the inaugural [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|champion]] that year.<ref name="prog">{{Cite book |url=http://www.progcovers.com/motor/silverstone500513.jpg |title=The Royal Automobile Club Grand Prix d'Europe |publisher=Royal Automobile Club |year=1950}}</ref>
*[[1951]] &ndash; The 400th anniversary of the founding of the [[National University of San Marcos]] is commemorated by the opening of the [[Estadio Universidad San Marcos|first large-capacity stadium in Peru]].
*[[1952]] &ndash; The [[Rajya Sabha]], the [[upper house]] of the [[Parliament of India]], holds its first sitting.
*[[1954]] &ndash; The [[1954 National Service riots|anti-National Service Riots]], by Chinese middle school students in [[Singapore]], take place.
*[[1958]] &ndash; During a visit to [[Caracas]], Venezuela, the US Vice President [[Richard Nixon]]'s car [[Attack on Richard Nixon's motorcade|is attacked by anti-American demonstrators]].
*  1958   &ndash; [[May 1958 crisis in France|May 1958 crisis]]: A group of French military officers lead a coup in [[Algiers]] demanding that a government of national unity be formed with [[Charles de Gaulle]] at its head in order to defend [[French Algeria|French control of Algeria]].
*  1958   &ndash; [[Ben Carlin]] becomes the first (and only) person to [[Circumnavigation|circumnavigate]] the world by [[amphibious vehicle]], having travelled over {{convert|17,000|km|mi}} by sea and {{convert|62,000|km|mi}} by land during a ten-year journey.
*[[1960]] &ndash; Hundreds of [[University of California, Berkeley]] students congregate for the first day of protest against a visit by the [[House Un-American Activities Committee|House Committee on Un-American Activities]].
*[[1967]] &ndash; Dr. [[Zakir Husain]] becomes the third [[President of India]]. He is the first Muslim President of the Indian Union. He holds this position until August 24, 1969.
*[[1969]] &ndash; In the aftermath of the [[1969 Malaysian general election]], [[13 May incident|Sino-Malay sectarian violence erupted]] in [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,900859,00.html |title=Race War in Malaysia |magazine=Time |date=23 May 1969 |access-date=23 Nov 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070518061525/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C900859%2C00.html |archive-date=18 May 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[1972]] &ndash; A [[Sennichi Department Store Building fire|fire]] occurs in the Sennichi Department Store in [[Osaka]], Japan. Blocked exits and non-functional elevators result in 118 fatalities (many victims leaping to their deaths).
*  1972   &ndash; [[The Troubles]]: A car bombing outside a crowded pub in [[Belfast]] sparks [[Battle at Springmartin|a two-day gun battle]] involving the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]], [[Ulster Volunteer Force]] and British Army. Seven people are killed and over 66 injured.
*[[1980]] &ndash; An [[Fujita scale|F3 tornado]] [[1980 Kalamazoo tornado|hits]] [[Kalamazoo County, Michigan]]. President [[Jimmy Carter]] declares it a federal [[disaster area]].
*[[1981]] &ndash; [[Mehmet Ali Ağca]] [[Attempted assassination of Pope John Paul II|attempts to assassinate]] [[Pope John Paul II]] in [[St. Peter's Square]] in Rome. The Pope is rushed to the [[Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic]] to undergo emergency [[surgery]] and survives.
*[[1985]] &ndash; Police [[1985 MOVE bombing|bombed MOVE headquarters]] in [[Philadelphia]], killing six adults and five children, and destroying the homes of 250 city residents.
*[[1989]] &ndash; Large groups of students [[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989|occupy]] [[Tiananmen Square]] and begin a hunger strike.
*[[1990]] &ndash; The [[Dinamo–Red Star riot]] took place at [[Stadion Maksimir|Maksimir Stadium]] in [[Zagreb]], Croatia between the Bad Blue Boys (fans of [[GNK Dinamo Zagreb|Dinamo Zagreb]]) and the [[Delije]] (fans of [[Red Star Belgrade]]).
*[[1992]] &ndash; [[Li Hongzhi]] gives the first public lecture on [[Falun Gong]] in [[Changchun]], People's Republic of China.
*[[1995]] &ndash; [[Alison Hargreaves]], a 33-year-old British mother, becomes the first woman to ascend [[Everest]] without oxygen or the help of sherpas.
*[[1996]] &ndash; Severe [[thunderstorm]]s and a [[tornado]] in [[Bangladesh]] kill 600 people.
*[[1998]] &ndash; [[May 1998 riots of Indonesia|Race riots]] break out in [[Jakarta]], Indonesia, where shops owned by [[Chinese Indonesians|Indonesians of Chinese descent]] are looted and women raped.
*  1998   &ndash; India carries out two [[Pokhran-II|nuclear weapon tests at Pokhran]], following the three conducted on [[May 11]]. The United States and Japan impose economic sanctions on India.
*[[2000]] &ndash; A fireworks storage depot [[Enschede fireworks disaster|explodes in a residential neighborhood]] in [[Enschede]], Netherlands, killing 23 people and injuring 950 others.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2000-05-13 |title=Dutch fireworks disaster |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/747520.stm |access-date=2024-02-18 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>
*[[2005]] &ndash; [[2005 Andijan Unrest|Andijan uprising]], [[Uzbekistan]]; Troops open fire on crowds of protestors after a prison break; at least 187 people were killed according to official estimates.
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[May 2006 São Paulo violence|São Paulo violence]]: Rebellions occur in several prisons in Brazil.
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[2011 Charsadda bombing|Two bombs explode]] in the [[Charsadda District, Pakistan|Charsadda District]] of Pakistan killing 98 people and wounding 140 others.
*[[2012]] &ndash; Forty-nine dismembered bodies are [[Cadereyta Jiménez massacre|discovered]] by Mexican authorities on [[Mexican Federal Highway 40]]. 
*[[2013]] &ndash; American physician [[Kermit Gosnell]] is found guilty in [[Pennsylvania]] of murdering three infants born alive during attempted abortions, [[involuntary manslaughter]] of a woman during an abortion procedure, and other charges.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/2013/05/13/b4444bdc-bbda-11e2-97d4-a479289a31f9_story.html |title=Jury convicts abortion provider Kermit Gosnell of murder |last=Dennis |first=Brady |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=May 15, 2013 |access-date=July 16, 2016 |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-22518979 |title=Kermit Gosnell guilty of three murders in late-term abortions |work=BBC News |date=May 14, 2013 |access-date=July 16, 2016 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite web |last=Masterson |first=Teresa |date=March 19, 2013 |title=Fake Doc Pleads Guilty to Killing Babies |url=http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Unlicensed-Doc-Pleads-Guilty-to-Killing-Babies-in-Philly-Abortion-Case-133183893.html |access-date=July 16, 2016 |website=NBC 10 Philadelphia}}</ref>
*[[2014]] &ndash; An [[Soma mine disaster|explosion]] at an underground coal mine in southwest [[Turkey]] kills 301 miners.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-14 |title=Turkey mine explosion: more than 200 dead and hundreds trapped |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/13/turkey-mine-blast-people-killed-trapped-rescue-operation |access-date=2021-05-23 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref>