Editing Mauretania (section)

== Moorish kingdom ==
[[File:Juba II of Numidia burial place.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania|tomb]] of [[Juba II]] and [[Cleopatra Selene II]] in [[Tipaza]], [[Algeria]]]]
[[File:Sulla Coin2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Coin of [[Faustus Cornelius Sulla (quaestor 54 BC)|Faustus Sulla]], with the reverse depicting the Mauretanian king [[Bocchus I]] (left) offering the captured [[Jugurtha]] (right) to Faustus' father [[Sulla|Lucius Sulla]].]]

[[File:Juba II (52339304912).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|Bronze bust of [[Juba II]]]]

Mauretania existed as a tribal kingdom of the Berber [[Mauri|Mauri people]]. In the early 1st century [[Strabo]] recorded ''Maûroi'' (Μαῦροι in [[Greek language|Greek]]) as the native name of a people opposite the [[Iberian Peninsula]]. This appellation was adopted into Latin, whereas the Greek name for the tribe was ''Mauroúsii'' (Μαυρούσιοι).<ref>[[Strabo]], ''[[Geographica]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0197%3Abook%3D17%3Achapter%3D3%3Asection%3D2 17.3.2] ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0239%3Abook%3D17%3Achapter%3D3%3Asection%3D2 English translation]): "Here dwell a people called by the Greeks Maurusii, and by the Romans and the natives Mauri, a populous and flourishing African nation, situated opposite to Spain" ({{lang|grc|οἰκοῦσι δ᾽ ἐνταῦθα Μαυρούσιοι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων λεγόμενοι, Μαῦροι δ᾽ ὑπὸ τῶν Ῥωμαίων καὶ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων, Λιβυκὸν ἔθνος μέγα καὶ εὔδαιμον, ἀντίπορθμον τῇ Ἰβηρίᾳ.}}).</ref><ref>Lewis and Short, ''Latin Dictionary'', 1879, [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3DMauri ''s.v.'' "Mauri"].</ref> The Mediterranean coast of Mauretania had commercial harbours for trade with [[Ancient Carthage|Carthage]] from before the 4th century BC, but the interior was controlled by [[Berbers|Berber]] tribes, who had established themselves in the region by [[Iron Age|the Iron Age]].

[[Atlas (mythology)|King Atlas]] was a legendary king of Mauretania credited with inventing the [[celestial globe]].<ref>[[Diodorus Siculus]]; Bib. IV, 27; [[Alexander Polyhistor]], fr. 3, F.G.H. III, p. 212; [[John of Antioch (chronicler)|John of Antioch]], fr. 13, F.H.G. IV, p. 547.</ref> The first known historical king of the Mauri, [[Baga (king)|Baga]], ruled during the [[Second Punic War]] of 218–201 BC. The Mauri were in close contact with [[Numidia]]. [[Bocchus I]] ([fl.] 110 BC) was father-in-law to the redoubted [[Numidia]]n king [[Jugurtha]].

After the death of king [[Bocchus II]] in 33 BC Rome directly administered the region from 33 BC to 25 BC. Mauretania eventually became a [[client state|client]] kingdom of the [[Roman Empire]] in 25 BC when the Romans installed [[Juba II]] of [[Numidia]] as their client-king. On his death in AD 23, his Roman-educated son [[Ptolemy of Mauretania]] succeeded him. The Emperor [[Caligula]] had Ptolemy executed in AD 40.<ref name="Barrett">Anthony A. Barrett, ''Caligula: The Corruption of Power'' (Routledge, 1989), pp. 116–117.</ref> The Roman Emperor [[Claudius]] annexed Mauretania directly as a [[Roman province]] in AD 44, placing it under an imperial [[governor]] (either a ''procurator Augusti'', or a ''legatus Augusti pro praetore'').

===Monarchs===
{{anchor|king_list}}{{anchor|Kings}}

{|class="wikitable"
!Name || Reign || Notes || Image
|-
|[[Atlas (mythology)|Atlas]] || 6th Century BC || Mythical king of Mauretania<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rabasa |first1=José |title=Inventing America: Spanish Historiography and the Formation of Eurocentrism |date=1993 |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |isbn=9780806125398 |page=180 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=luonOeN1HzoC&q=atlas+king+mauretania&pg=PA180 |access-date=6 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> || [[File:MAN Atlante fronte 1040572.JPG|55px]]
|-
|[[Baga (king)|Bagas]] || fl. 225 BC || ||
|-
|[[Bocchus I]] || c. 110 –  c. 80s  BC || || [[File:Bocchus.jpg|55px]]
|-
|[[Mastanesosus]] || c. 80s  BC – 49 || ||
|-
|[[Bogud]] || 49  – c. 38 BC ||  Co-ruler with Bocchus II ||[[File:Bogud. AR Denarius 802149.jpg|55px]]
|-
|[[Bocchus&nbsp;II]] || 49 –  c. 33 BC ||  Co-ruler with Bogud ||[[File:Bocchus II Æ 77000344.jpg|55px]]
|-
|[[Juba II]] || 25 BC –  AD 23|| Roman client king || [[File:Portrait Juba II Louvre Ma1886.jpg|55px]]
|-
|[[Cleopatra Selene II]] || 25 BC –  5 BC|| Co-ruler with Juba II || [[File:Cleopatra Selene II bust, Cherchell, Algeria 4.jpg|55px]]
|-
|[[Ptolemy of Mauretania|Ptolemy]] || 20 – 40 AD || Last king of Mauretania<br>Began reign as co-ruler with Juba II<br>Assassinated by [[Caligula]] || [[File:Ptolemy of Mauretania Louvre Ma1887.jpg|55px]]
|-
|}