Editing Mason County, West Virginia (section)

==History==
In the second half of 1749, the [[France|French]] explorer, [[Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville]], claimed French sovereignty over the [[Ohio Valley]], burying a lead plaque at the meeting point of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers, naming the place [[Point Pleasant, West Virginia|Point Pleasant]].

In the [[Battle of Point Pleasant]] (October 10, 1774), fought on the future site of the town, over one thousand Virginia militiamen, led by Colonel [[Andrew Lewis (soldier)|Andrew Lewis]] (1720–1781), defeated a roughly equal force of an Algonquin confederation of [[Shawnee]] and [[Mingo]] warriors led by Shawnee Chief [[Cornstalk (Shawnee leader)|Cornstalk]] (''ca.'' 1720–1777). The event is celebrated locally as the "First Battle of the [[American Revolutionary War]]" and in 1908 the [[U.S. Senate]] authorized erection of a local monument to commemorate it as such. Most historians, however, regard it not as a battle of the Revolution (1775–1783), but as a part of [[Lord Dunmore's War]] (1774). White settlers may have established their permanent settlement by 1774, for Col. Lewis had established "Camp Point Pleasant" at the time of the Battle and the settlement that followed also took that name.

According to ''[[Hardesty's Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia|Hardesty's West Virginia Counties]]'' (1883), regarding the first white settlers in Mason County south of Point Pleasant: <blockquote>All that part of the district lying on the Ohio river bottoms above Eighteen-mile Creek, was included in the grant made by Congress to the heirs of [[Hugh Mercer|General Mercer]], who was killed at the [[battle of Princeton]], [[New Jersey]], January 3, 1777, while fighting by the side of [[George Washington|Washington]]; hence the name [[Mercer Bottom]]. Who located and surveyed the lands cannot now be learned, but his grandson, [[Charles Fenton Mercer]], of Virginia, afterward put the lands in market and sold them in quantities to suit purchasers. Thomas Hannan, whose name is preserved in that of the district, was the first actual settler - locating in the year 1790. Andrew Fleming and a Mr. Mercer, two hunters, had previously erected a cabin on the land which he purchased, and this was occupied by him until he could build a better one. Soon Jesse George purchased seventy acres of land at the mouth of Flatfoot Creek ... and became the second actual settler. Then came John Hereford, Robert Hereford, Thomas Powell, Edward S. Menager, John Morris — who discovered the first salt water on Kanawha river — George Withers, Robert Cremeans, James George, Rev. John Canterbury ...</blockquote>

The settlement at Point Pleasant did not receive an official charter until 1794. The first road through what later became Mason County was laid out by [[Thomas Hannan (American settler)|Thomas Hannan]] (1757-1835) in 1798 under contract to the federal government. It traversed the distance from present-day [[St. Albans, West Virginia|St Albans, (West) Virginia]] to [[Chillicothe, Ohio]]. This road (parts are still known as "Hannan Trace Road") is one of the oldest roads in Ohio. It became a main highway connecting Chillicothe and points east during the time when that settlement served as the capital of the [[Northwest Territory]] and the first capital of Ohio.

The Virginia General Assembly officially created Mason County from [[Kanawha County, West Virginia|Kanawha County]] on January 2, 1804. It was named for [[George Mason IV]] (1725–1792), known as the "Father of the [[United States Bill of Rights]]" and a [[Founding Fathers of the United States|Founding Father of the United States]]. By 1810, the total county population stood at almost two thousand people. Before the [[American Civil War]] it developed as a river port (farmers upstream on the Kanawha River could ship their goods to Point Pleasant and from there down the Ohio River and sometimes the Mississippi River to market) as well as coal.

In the Virginia Secession Convention of 1861, Mason County's delegate, lawyer James H. Couch (1821-1899), although a slaveholder, voted against secession. Mason County then sent no delegates to the Virginia House of Delegates until West Virginia's statehood, which Virginia's House of Delegates refused to recognize, thus seating James Hutcheson who had been elected by Confederate soldiers in their camp. Meanwhile, William W. Newman claimed to represent Mason as well as nearby Jackson, Cabell, Wayne and Wirt counties throughout the war.<ref>Cynthia Miller Leonard, The Virginia General Assembly 1619-1978 (Virginia State Library 1978) pp. 482, 485, 488</ref> Mason County sent more than 1000 men to the Union army and one company of 61 men to the Confederate Army (the [[37th Virginia Infantry]]).<ref>Virgil A. Lewis's Soldiery of West Virginia (1911, 1972 reprint) p. 223</ref> In March 1863, in the only wartime skirmish in Mason County, during the [[Jones-Imboden Raid]], the 6th Virginia Cavalry and 8th Virginia Cavalry attacked the Mason County Courthouse, where they believed munitions stored, leaving bullet holes in the walls until a replacement was built in 1954.<ref>Mason County West Virginia: Experience History and the Mystery (Mason County Welcome Center) p. 8</ref>

Point Pleasant's Battle Monument State Park, also known as [[Tu-Endie-Wei State Park|Tu-Endie-Wei]], was dedicated on October 10, 1901, to commemorate the Battle of Point Pleasant, at the time claimed to have been the first battle of the Revolutionary War. It significantly predates the 1928 establishment of the [[List of West Virginia state parks|West Virginia state park system]]. The park includes the tavern begun in 1796 by Walter Newman, later operated as a museum of local history by the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]].

The Marietta Manufacturing Company (shipbuilders) moved to Point Pleasant in 1915; the facility continued to build mine-planting vessels and other small ships through World War II, but closed in 1970. During World War II the [[West Virginia Ordnance Works]] manufactured TNT in Mason County about 5 miles north of Point Pleasant; it was later repurposed as the [[McClintic Wildlife Management Area]] as well as an industrial park. The county's worst disaster occurred on December 15, 1967, when the [[Silver Bridge]], a link-suspension bridge which had connected Point Pleasant to [[Kanauga, Ohio]] along [[U.S. Route 35]] since 1928, collapsed during the rush hour commute. The disaster killed 46 people and injured nine others, and drew attention to poor bridge maintenance practices, as well as bridge loads greatly exceeding their original tolerances. The important bridge was replaced two years later by the [[Silver Memorial Bridge]], which stands today.<ref>Mason County tourist book pp. 9-10</ref>

In 1981, the West Virginia Department of Agriculture acquired land that had been farmed after the Civil War by General [[John McCausland]], the last fully confirmed Confederate general to die. Added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2003, it now operates as [[Smithland Farm]]. The River Museum opened on May 1, 2004, but closed in 2018 after a disastrous fire.<ref>Mason County tourist book p. 13</ref>