Editing Martin Scorsese (section)

== Early life and education ==
[[File:Cuccia-Scorsese-Deseta.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|From left to right: [[Salvo Cuccia]], Scorsese, and [[Vittorio De Seta]] at the 2005 [[Tribeca Film Festival]]]]

Martin Charles Scorsese<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.americanancestors.org/third-set-of-ten-hollywood/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524152257/http://www.americanancestors.org/third-set-of-ten-hollywood/|url-status=dead|archive-date=May 24, 2011|title=#83 Royal Descents, Notable Kin, and Printed Sources: A Third Set of Ten Hollywood Figures (or Groups Thereof), with a Coda on Two Directors|date=May 24, 2011}}</ref>'''{{efn|His birth name was Martin Marcantonio Luciano Scorsese<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2014-01-22 |title=Martin Scorsese Fast Facts |url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/01/22/us/martin-scorsese-fast-facts/index.html |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=CNN}}</ref>}}''' was born in the [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]] neighborhood of New York City's Queens borough on November 17, 1942.<ref name="NYTbio">{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/person/110533/Martin-Scorsese/biography |title=Martin Scorsese |access-date=January 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210213146/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/110533/Martin-Scorsese/biography |archive-date=February 10, 2012|author=Jason Ankeny |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>"Martin Scorsese: Telling Stories through Film" ''[[The Washington Times]]'', November 30, 2007</ref> He grew up in the [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] neighborhood of the city's Manhattan borough.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/martin-scorsese-biography |title=Martin Scorsese Biography |publisher=[[National Endowment for the Humanities]] |access-date=January 24, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226231708/http://www.neh.gov/about/awards/jefferson-lecture/martin-scorsese-biography |archive-date=February 26, 2014}}</ref> Both of his parents, [[Catherine Scorsese]] (née Cappa) and [[Charles Scorsese]], worked in the [[Garment District, Manhattan|Garment District]]. Charles was a clothes presser and actor, while Catherine was a seamstress and an actress.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/26/Martin-Scorsese.html |title=Martin Scorsese Biography (1942–2011) |publisher=Filmreference.com |access-date=March 3, 2010 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113033818/http://filmreference.com/film/26/Martin-Scorsese.html |archive-date=January 13, 2010}}</ref> All four of Scorsese's grandparents were Italian immigrants from [[Sicily]], hailing from [[Polizzi Generosa]] on his father's side and [[Ciminna]] on his mother's side.<ref>{{cite book |last=Casillo |first=Robert |date=2006 |title=Gangster Priest – The Italian American cinema of Martin Scorsese |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dc-Ms8-YMUAC&q=%22Martin+Cappa%22+Scorsese&pg=PA3 |chapter=The Immigrant Generations: ''Italianamerican'' |location=Canada |publisher=University of Toronto Press |page=3 |isbn=9780802091130 |access-date=October 3, 2020 |archive-date=December 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227045117/https://books.google.com/books?id=Dc-Ms8-YMUAC&q=%22Martin+Cappa%22+Scorsese&pg=PA3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dubois |first=Régis |date=2019 |title=Martin Scorsese, l'infiltré |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PmDHDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Martino+Cappa%22+Scorsese&pg=PT90 |chapter=Résurrection |location=France |language=fr |publisher=Nouveau Monde Editions |isbn=9782369427780 |access-date=October 3, 2020 |archive-date=December 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227045118/https://books.google.com/books?id=PmDHDwAAQBAJ&q=%22Martino+Cappa%22+Scorsese&pg=PT90 |url-status=live }}</ref> The original surname of the family was Scozzese, meaning "Scot" or "Scottish" in Italian, and was later changed to Scorsese because of a transcription error.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tg24.sky.it/intrattenimento/2018/09/26/martin-scorsese-cittadino-italiano.html |title=Martin Scorsese è ora cittadino italiano |date=September 26, 2018 |publisher=[[Sky TG24]] |access-date=April 18, 2020 |archive-date=June 22, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622001407/https://tg24.sky.it/intrattenimento/2018/09/26/martin-scorsese-cittadino-italiano.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.palermotoday.it/cronaca/comune-polizzi-generosa-trascritta-nascita-martin-scorsese.html |title=Martin Scorsese è cittadino italiano: trascritto atto di nascita a Polizzi |publisher=PalermoToday |access-date=April 18, 2020 |archive-date=August 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803215046/https://www.palermotoday.it/cronaca/comune-polizzi-generosa-trascritta-nascita-martin-scorsese.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://palermo.repubblica.it/societa/2018/09/26/news/martin_scorsese_diventa_italiano_trascritto_l_atto_di_cittadinanza_nel_paesino_siciliano_dei_suoi_nonni-207392031/ |title=Una lunga ricerca per avere la cittadinanza: ma adesso Martin Scorsese è italiano |date=September 26, 2018 |publisher=[[La Repubblica]] |access-date=April 18, 2020 |archive-date=December 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227045132/https://palermo.repubblica.it/societa/2018/09/26/news/martin_scorsese_diventa_italiano_trascritto_l_atto_di_cittadinanza_nel_paesino_siciliano_dei_suoi_nonni-207392031/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Scorsese was raised in a predominantly [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] environment.<ref name="NYTbio" /> As a boy, he had [[asthma]] and could not play sports or take part in any activities with other children, so his parents and his older brother would often take him to movie theaters; it was at this stage in his life that he developed a passion for cinema. He has spoken of the influence of [[Powell and Pressburger]]'s ''[[Black Narcissus]]'' (1947) and [[The Red Shoes (1948 film)|''The Red Shoes'']] (1948).<ref name="DVD">{{cite web |url=https://www.amazon.com/Black-Narcissus-The-Criterion-Collection/dp/B00004XQN4 |title=Black Narcissus (The Criterion Collection) (2001) DVD commentary |date=January 30, 2001 |publisher=[[The Criterion Collection|Criterion]] |access-date=October 27, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104105357/http://www.amazon.com/Black-Narcissus-The-Criterion-Collection/dp/B00004XQN4 |archive-date=November 4, 2013}}</ref> As a teenager in [[the Bronx]], he frequently rented Powell and Pressburger's [[The Tales of Hoffmann (film)|''The Tales of Hoffmann'']] (1951) from a store that had one copy of the reel. He was one of only two people who regularly rented it; the other, [[George A. Romero]], also became a director.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2015-07-08-george-a-romero-talks-zombies-religion-and-genocide-in-karlovy-vary-feature-story-by-richard-mowe |title=Romero – master of the macabre |publisher=Eye for Film |access-date=July 23, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150723173645/http://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/feature/2015-07-08-george-a-romero-talks-zombies-religion-and-genocide-in-karlovy-vary-feature-story-by-richard-mowe |archive-date=July 23, 2015}}</ref>

Scorsese has named [[Sabu Dastagir|Sabu]] and [[Victor Mature]] as his favorite actors in his youth. He recalls his father taking him to see [[Jean Renoir]]'s [[The River (1951 film)|''The River'']] (1951) and being fascinated by its depiction of [[India]]. He became "obsessed" with Renoir's ''[[La Grande Illusion]]'' (1937) when it was rereleased.<ref>{{cite video| title=Martin Scorsese on Jean Renoir's The River| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w7H9pEby0M}}</ref> He names [[John Ford]]'s ''[[The Quiet Man]]'' (1952) and ''[[The Searchers]]'' (1956) as formative influences.<ref>{{cite video| title=Martin Scorsese on the films of John Ford| work=[[American Masters]]| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iA_4_lVdDeQ}}</ref> In a documentary on [[Italian neorealism]], he commented on how [[Roberto Rossellini]]'s ''[[Rome, Open City]]'' (1945) and [[Vittorio De Sica]]'s ''[[Bicycle Thieves]]'' (1946) inspired him and influenced his view of his Sicilian roots. In his documentary ''[[Il Mio Viaggio in Italia]]'' (''My Voyage to Italy''), Scorsese noted that the Sicilian episode of  Rossellini's ''[[Paisan|Paisà]]'' (1946), which he first saw on television with his relatives who were themselves Sicilian immigrants, had a significant impact on his life.<ref name="hatchet">{{cite web |author=Chris Ingui |title=Martin Scorsese hits DC, hangs with the Hachet |url=http://media.www.gwhatchet.com/media/storage/paper332/news/2002/03/04/Arts/Martin.Scorsese.Hits.Dc.Hangs.With.The.Hachet-195598.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826214118/http://media.www.gwhatchet.com/media/storage/paper332/news/2002/03/04/Arts/Martin.Scorsese.Hits.Dc.Hangs.With.The.Hachet-195598.shtml |archive-date=August 26, 2009 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |publisher=Hatchet}}</ref> He remembers responding "very strongly" to [[Alfred Hitchcock]]'s [[Vertigo (film)|''Vertigo'']] (1958).<ref>{{cite video| title=Martin Scorsese on Vertigo| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StcvV1pZXz4| work=[[British Film Institute]]}}</ref> He acknowledges owing a great debt to the [[French New Wave]] and has stated that "the French New Wave has influenced all filmmakers who have worked since, whether they saw the films or not."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.newwavefilm.com/new-wave-cinema-guide/nouvelle-vague-where-to-start.shtml |title=New Wave Film Guide: Nouvelle Vague & International New Wave Cinema – Where to Start |publisher=Newwavefilm.com |access-date=January 5, 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113132259/http://www.newwavefilm.com/new-wave-cinema-guide/nouvelle-vague-where-to-start.shtml |archive-date=January 13, 2012}}</ref> He has also cited the works of [[Satyajit Ray]],<ref name="hatchet" /> [[Ingmar Bergman]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Jay Antani |year=2004 |title=Raging Bull: A film review |url=http://www.filmcritic.com/misc/emporium.nsf/reviews/Raging-Bull |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208084836/http://www.filmcritic.com/misc/emporium.nsf/reviews/Raging-Bull |archive-date=December 8, 2007 |access-date=May 4, 2009 |publisher=[[Filmcritic.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Ingmar Bergman Foundation |title=Ingmar Bergman |url=http://193.10.144.136/page.asp?guid=65BFD29C-045F-4C51-88B1-1A50F6173D26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426013947/http://193.10.144.136/page.asp?guid=65BFD29C-045F-4C51-88B1-1A50F6173D26 |archive-date=April 26, 2012 |access-date=January 5, 2012 |publisher=193.10.144.136}}</ref> [[Andrzej Wajda]],<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.criterion.com/current/top-10-lists/214-martin-scorsese-s-top-10 |title=Martin Scorsese's Top 10 |date=January 29, 2014 |publisher=[[The Criterion Collection|Criterion]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104181159/https://www.criterion.com/current/top-10-lists/214-martin-scorsese-s-top-10 |access-date=February 19, 2024 | archive-date=November 4, 2023}}</ref> [[Michelangelo Antonioni]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Andre Soares |date=March 19, 2009 |title=Martin Scorsese on Michelangelo Antonioni |url=http://www.altfg.com/blog/directors/martin-scorsese-on-michelangelo-antonioni/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708062952/http://www.altfg.com/blog/directors/martin-scorsese-on-michelangelo-antonioni/ |archive-date=July 8, 2012 |access-date=January 5, 2012 |publisher=Altfg.com}}</ref> [[Federico Fellini]],<ref>{{YouTube|id=uysS8EHrpB4|title=Martin Scorsese praises Federico Fellini and 'La Dolce Vita'}}</ref> [[Ishirō Honda]] and [[Eiji Tsuburaya]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Ragone |first=August |title=Eiji Tsuburaya: Master of Monsters |date=May 6, 2014 |publisher=Chronicle Books |isbn=978-1-4521-3539-7 |edition=paperback |pages=180}}</ref> as major influences on his career. Although there was no habit of reading at home, towards the end of the 1950s, Scorsese began to approach literature, being marked in particular by [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]]'s ''[[Notes from Underground]]'' (1864), [[James Joyce]]'s ''[[A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man]]'' (1916) and [[Graham Greene]]'s ''[[The Heart of the Matter]]'' (1948).<ref>{{cite book |last=Schickel |first=Richard |title=Conversations with Scorsese |date=2011 |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group|isbn=978-0307595461 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIbbzILVgrgC |pages=114–115}}</ref>

Scorsese attended the all-boys [[Cardinal Hayes High School]] in the Bronx, graduating in 1960.<ref name="ENCY">{{Cite web |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/film-and-television-biographies/martin-scorsese |title=Scorsese, Martin |website=encyclopedia.com |url-status=live |access-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108053117/https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/film-and-television-biographies/martin-scorsese |archive-date=January 8, 2020 }}</ref> He had initially desired to become a [[priest]], attending a preparatory [[seminary]], but failed after the first year and was unable to attend [[Fordham University]].{{sfn|Wilson|2011|p=28}}<ref name = "Wooden 2016">{{cite web |author1=Cindy Wooden |title=Filmmaker Martin Scorsese talks about his faith, upcoming movie 'Silence' |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/media/filmmaker-martin-scorsese-talks-about-his-faith-upcoming-movie-silence |website=National Catholic Reporter |access-date=October 21, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016014456/https://www.ncronline.org/news/media/filmmaker-martin-scorsese-talks-about-his-faith-upcoming-movie-silence |archive-date=October 16, 2017 |date=December 10, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This gave way to cinema and consequently Scorsese enrolled in [[New York University]]'s [[Washington Square College]] (now known as the [[NYU College of Arts and Science|College of Arts and Science]]), where he earned a bachelor's degree in English in 1964.<ref name="ENCY"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Martin Scorsese |url=http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2002/great-directors/scorsese/ |work=sensesofcinema.com |first=Marc |last=Raymond |date=May 2002 |publisher=[[Senses of Cinema]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225033838/http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2002/great-directors/scorsese/ |archive-date=December 25, 2010}}</ref> He went on to earn his Master of Arts from NYU's School of Education (now the [[Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development]]) in 1968,<ref>{{cite web |title=NYU Tisch School of the Arts Receives Major Gift to Establish the Martin Scorsese Institute of Global Cinematic Arts |url=https://tisch.nyu.edu/scorsese-institute |website=NYU Tisch |access-date=February 11, 2022 |archive-date=February 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205002451/https://tisch.nyu.edu/scorsese-institute |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tisch.nyu.edu/grad-film/alumni/martin-scorsese |title=Martin Scorsese |website=tisch.nyu.edu |access-date=January 9, 2020 |archive-date=December 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201227045144/https://tisch.nyu.edu/grad-film/alumni/martin-scorsese |url-status=live }}</ref> a year after the school was founded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cas.nyu.edu/object/ug.alumni.pastrecipients |title=NYU College of Arts and Science |publisher=Cas.nyu.edu |access-date=January 5, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406192153/http://cas.nyu.edu/object/ug.alumni.pastrecipients |archive-date=April 6, 2012}}</ref>