Editing Marion County, West Virginia (section)

==History==
The [[Adena culture|Adena]] and successor [[Hopewell culture]]s flourished in this area at one time. The region which includes the land now known as Marion County was sparsely occupied by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], if at all, in the late 18th century. Like much of the [[Ohio Valley]], it had been depopulated by the [[Iroquois]] during the later [[Beaver Wars]] (1670–1700). Only a few abortive attempts to start European settlements upon the [[Monongahela River]] or its branches (such as that which gave its name to [[Dunkard Creek]]) are known prior to the [[French and Indian War]]. It was not until 1772 that any permanent settlements were made in this region.<ref>Dunnington, George A. ''History and Progress of the County of Marion, West Virginia'' Fairmont, West Virginia: George A. Dunnington, Publisher, 1880; Chap. II: First Settlements</ref>

Marion County was created by an act of the [[Virginia Assembly]] on January 14, 1842, from parts of [[Monongalia County, West Virginia|Monongalia]] and [[Harrison County, West Virginia|Harrison]] Counties. It was named after General Francis Marion, of [[American Revolutionary War]] fame, known to history as "The Swamp Fox".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wvculture.org/history/counties/marion.html |title=Marion County history sources |access-date=January 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621190113/http://www.wvculture.org/history/counties/marion.html |archive-date=June 21, 2012 }}</ref>

1852 was an eventful time in Marion County's history, starting with the great flood on Monday, April 5. Heavy rains the day before caused the [[Monongahela River|Monongahela]] and [[West Fork River]]s to rise at rate of 5 feet per hour until Tuesday afternoon, when the water reached 43 feet above its normal level. The greatest damage was sustained on the West Fork, where over 40 houses and buildings were swept away and floated past [[Fairmont, West Virginia|Fairmont]].<ref name="Dunnington 1880 https://archive.org/details/historyprogresso00dunn/page/87 87–92">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/historyprogresso00dunn |title=History and Progress of the County of Marion, West Virginia |last=Dunnington |first=George |publisher=George A. Dunnington |year=1880 |location=Fairmont, WV |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historyprogresso00dunn/page/87 87]–92}}</ref>

The flood damaged the railroad, which was in the final stages of being completed. By June 23 the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] was completed, connecting Fairmont to the west and to large cities in the east like Baltimore. The railroad required the building of a bridge to cross the [[Monongahela River]] about 1 mile west of Fairmont. This was achieved by building a massive iron bridge spanning 650 feet and lifted 35 feet above the water.<ref name="Dunnington 1880 https://archive.org/details/historyprogresso00dunn/page/87 87–92"/>

The third major event of the year 1852 was the completion of the Fairmont and Palatine [[suspension bridge]], connecting Fairmont to what was then the town of Palatine. The bridge was built under the direction of James L. Randolph, assistant engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at a cost of about thirty thousand dollars.<ref name="Dunnington 1880 https://archive.org/details/historyprogresso00dunn/page/87 87–92"/>

Marion was one of fifty Virginia counties that were admitted to the Union as the state of West Virginia on June 20, 1863, at the height of the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. In the months that followed, West Virginia's counties were divided into [[civil township]]s, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state, and in 1872 the townships were converted into [[minor civil division|magisterial districts]].<ref>Otis K. Rice & Stephen W. Brown, ''West Virginia: A History'', 2nd ed., University Press of Kentucky, Lexington (1993), p. 240.</ref>  Marion County was divided into seven districts: Fairmont, Grant, Lincoln, Mannington, Paw Paw,{{efn-lr|Also spelled "Pawpaw" in early records.}} Union, and Winfield. In the 1980s, the historic magisterial districts were consolidated into three new districts: Middletown, Palatine, and West Augusta.<ref>[[United States Census Bureau]], [[United States Census|U.S. Decennial Census]], Tables of Minor Civil Divisions in West Virginia, 1870–2010.</ref>