Editing Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma (section)

==Early life==
Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria (who was given the Latin baptismal name of ''Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Francisca Theresa Josepha Lucia'') was born at the [[Hofburg|Hofburg Palace]] in [[Vienna]] on 12 December 1791 to [[Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor|Archduke Francis of Austria]] and his second wife, [[Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily]].<ref name="dsa1">de Saint-Amand, p. 1</ref> She was named after her grandmother, [[Maria Luisa of Spain|Marie Louise, Holy Roman Empress]]. Her father became [[Holy Roman Emperor]] a year later as Francis II. Marie Louise was a great-granddaughter of [[Maria Theresa|Empress Maria Theresa]] through both her parents, as they were double first cousins. She was also a maternal granddaughter of [[Queen Maria Carolina of Naples]],<ref name="dsa1"/> [[Marie Antoinette]]'s favorite sister. She was known as ''Luisel'' to her family.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Castelot |first=André |title=Marie-Louise: Impératrice malgré elle |publisher=Perrin |year=1998 |isbn=9782262014612 |language=fr}}</ref>

Marie Louise's formative years were during a period of conflict between France and her family. She was brought up to detest France and French ideas.<ref name="dsa2">de Saint-Amand, p. 2</ref> Her upbringing was supervised by her French imperial governess [[Victoire de Folliot de Crenneville]].<ref>Cuthell, Edith E: ''[https://archive.org/details/imperialvictimma01cuthuoft  Vol 1: An imperial victim : Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria, Empress of the French, Duchess of Parma]'', 1911</ref> Marie Louise was influenced by her grandmother Maria Carolina, who despised the [[French Revolution]] which ultimately caused the death of her sister, Marie Antoinette.<ref name="dsa2"/> Maria Carolina's [[Kingdom of Naples]] had also come into direct conflict with French forces led by [[Napoleon|Napoleon Bonaparte]].<ref name="dsa2"/> The [[War of the Third Coalition]] brought Austria to the brink of ruin, which increased Marie Louise's resentment towards Napoleon.<ref name="dsa3">de Saint-Amand, p. 3</ref> The Imperial family was forced to flee Vienna in 1805. Marie Louise took refuge in [[Hungary]] and later [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]]<ref name="dsa3"/> before returning to Vienna in 1806.<ref name="dsa4">de Saint-Amand, p. 4</ref> Her father relinquished the title of Holy Roman Emperor but remained [[Emperor of Austria]].

To make her more marriageable, her parents had her tutored in many languages. In addition to her native [[German language|German]], she became fluent in [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Latin language|Latin]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]].<ref>Schom, Alan. ''Napoleon Bonaparte''. p. 548</ref> To maintain her purity, her parents allowed for little to no contact with men, and even all her animals, including a pet rabbit, were required to be female.<ref name=":0" />

In 1807, when Marie Louise was 15, her mother died after suffering a miscarriage.<ref name="dsa4"/> Less than a year later, Emperor Francis married his first cousin [[Maria Ludovika of Austria-Este|Maria Ludovika Beatrix of Austria-Este]], who was four years older than Marie Louise.<ref name="dsa4"/> Nonetheless, Maria Ludovika Beatrix took on a maternal role towards her stepdaughter.<ref name="dsa5">de Saint-Amand, p. 5</ref> She was also bitter towards the French, who had deprived her father of the [[Duchy of Modena and Reggio|Duchy of Modena]].<ref name="dsa6">de Saint-Amand, p. 6</ref>

Another [[War of the Fifth Coalition|war]] broke out between France and Austria in 1809, which resulted in defeat for the Austrians again. The Imperial family had to flee Vienna again before the city surrendered on 12 May.<ref name="dsa8">de Saint-Amand, p. 8</ref> Their journey was hampered by bad weather, and they arrived in [[Buda]] "wet through, and nearly worn out with fatigue".<ref name="dsa8"/>