Editing March 30 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[598]] &ndash; [[Maurice's Balkan campaigns#Renewed campaigns (597–602)|Avar–Byzantine wars]]: The [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]] lift the [[siege]] at the [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] stronghold of [[Constanța|Tomis]]. Their leader [[Bayan I]] retreats north of the [[Danube|Danube River]] after the [[Avar Khaganate|Avaro]]-[[Slavs|Slavic]] army is decimated by the [[Plague (disease)|plague]].
*[[1282]] &ndash; The people of [[Sicily]] rebel against the [[Capetian House of Anjou|Angevin]] [[monarch|king]] [[Charles I of Naples|Charles I]], in what becomes known as the [[Sicilian Vespers]].<ref>{{cite book|title=A history of italian republic|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zujq7v0ILiwC&pg=PA103|year=1832|publisher=Longman|pages=103}}</ref>
*[[1296]] &ndash; [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] [[Capture of Berwick (1296)|sacks]] [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]], during armed conflict between [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scotland]] and [[Kingdom of England|England]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Herbert Maxwell|title=A History of the House of Douglas from the Earliest Times Down to the Legislative Union of England and Scotland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9ztAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|publisher=Рипол Классик|isbn=978-1-145-80495-1|pages=25}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1699]] &ndash; [[Guru Gobind Singh]] establishes the [[Khalsa]] in [[Anandpur Sahib]], [[Punjab (region)|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mahmood |first=Cynthia Keppley |title=Fighting for faith and nation dialogues with Sikh militants |url=https://archive.org/details/fightingforfaith00cynt |url-access=limited |year=1996 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |isbn=978-0812215922 |oclc=44966032 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/fightingforfaith00cynt/page/n55 43]–45}}</ref>
*[[1815]] &ndash; [[Joachim Murat]] issues the [[Rimini Proclamation]], among the earliest calls for [[Unification of Italy|Italian unification]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |date=6 May 2015 |title=Il proclama di Rimini |trans-title=The Rimini Proclamation |url=https://www.ilponte.com/il-proclama-di-rimini/ |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=Il Ponte |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Sacco |first=Antonio |date=30 May 2020 |title=Unificare l'Italia, il sogno di Murat |trans-title=Unifying Italy, Murat's dream |url=https://napoli.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/20_maggio_30/unificare-l-italia-sogno-murat-5de17248-a286-11ea-a5d1-29996a211afa.shtml |access-date=18 January 2024 |website=[[Corriere della Sera]] |language=it-IT}}</ref>

*[[1818]] &ndash; Physicist [[Augustin-Jean Fresnel|Augustin Fresnel]] reads a memoir on [[optical rotation]] to the [[French Academy of Sciences]], reporting that when polarized light is "depolarized" by a [[Fresnel rhomb]], its properties are preserved in any subsequent passage through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid.<ref>A. Fresnel, "Mémoire sur les couleurs développées dans les fluides homogènes par la lumière polarisée" ("Memoir on colors developed in homogeneous fluids by polarized light"), read 30&nbsp;March 1818; printed in A.&nbsp;Fresnel (ed.{{tsp}} H. de Senarmont, E.&nbsp;Verdet, and L.&nbsp;Fresnel), ''Oeuvres complètes d'Augustin Fresnel'', Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1l0_AAAAcAAJ vol.{{tsp}}1], 1866, pp.{{tsp}}655–83, at pp.{{tsp}}659–60.</ref>
*[[1822]] &ndash; The [[Florida Territory]] is created in the United States.
*[[1841]] &ndash; The [[National Bank of Greece]] is founded in [[Athens]].
*[[1842]] &ndash; [[Diethyl ether|Ether]] [[anesthesia]] is used for the first time, in an operation by the American surgeon [[Physician|Dr.]] [[Crawford Long]].
*[[1844]] &ndash; One of the most [[Battle of Santiago (1844)|important battles]] of the [[Dominican War of Independence]] from [[Haiti]] takes place near the city of [[Santiago de los Caballeros]].
*[[1855]] &ndash; [[Origins of the American Civil War]]: "[[Border Ruffian]]s" from [[Missouri]] invade [[Kansas]] and force election of a pro-[[slavery]] legislature.
*[[1856]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Paris (1856)|Treaty of Paris]] is signed, ending the [[Crimean War]].
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[Timeline of chemical element discoveries|Discovery of the chemical elements]]: Sir [[William Crookes]] announces his discovery of [[thallium]].
*[[1863]] &ndash; Danish prince [[George I of Greece|Wilhelm Georg]] is chosen as King George of Greece.
*[[1867]] &ndash; [[Alaska]] is [[Alaska Purchase|purchased]] from [[Russian Empire|Russia]] for $7.2 million, about two cents/acre ($4.19/km<sup>2</sup>), by [[United States Secretary of State]] [[William H. Seward]].
*[[1870]] &ndash; [[Texas]] is readmitted to the [[United States Congress]] following [[Reconstruction Era|Reconstruction]].
*[[1885]] &ndash; The [[Battle for Kushka]] triggers the [[Panjdeh Incident]] which nearly gives rise to war between the [[Russian Empire|Russian]] and [[British Empire]]s.
*[[1899]] &ndash; German Society of Chemistry issues an invitation to other national scientific organizations to appoint delegates to the [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights|International Committee on Atomic Weights]].
*[[1900]] &ndash; [[Archaeology|Archaeologists]] in [[Knossos]], [[Crete]], discover the first [[clay tablet]] with [[hieroglyph]]ic writing in a script later called [[Linear B]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Palaima |first=Thomas G. |chapter=Linear B|title=The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean|editor-last=Cline |editor-first=Eric H.|location=Oxford, UK|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2012|isbn=9780199873609 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EglBMWW2WHkC|page=357}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1912]] &ndash; [[Sultan of Morocco|Sultan]] [[Abd al-Hafid of Morocco|Abd al-Hafid]] signs the [[Treaty of Fez]], making [[Morocco]] a French [[protectorate]].
*[[1918]] &ndash; Beginning of the bloody [[March Days|March Events]] in [[Baku]] and other locations of [[Baku Governorate]].
*[[1939]] &ndash; The [[Heinkel He 100]] fighter sets a [[Flight airspeed record|world airspeed record]] of 463&nbsp;mph (745&nbsp;km/h).
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: Japan declares [[Nanjing|Nanking]] capital of a new [[Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China|Chinese puppet government]], nominally controlled by [[Wang Jingwei]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] bombers conduct their most severe [[Bombing of Sofia in World War II|bombing run]] on [[Sofia]], [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]].
*  1944   &ndash; Out of 795 [[Avro Lancaster|Lancasters]], [[Handley Page Halifax|Halifaxe]]s and [[de Havilland Mosquito|Mosquito]]s sent to [[Bombing of Nuremberg in World War II|attack Nuremberg]], 95 bombers do not return, making it the largest RAF Bomber Command loss of the war.
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II: [[Red Army|Soviet forces]] invade Austria and [[Vienna offensive|capture Vienna]]. [[Armia Ludowa|Polish]] and Soviet forces [[East Pomeranian offensive|liberate Danzig]].
*[[1949]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: A [[1949 anti-NATO riot in Iceland|riot breaks out in Austurvöllur]] square in [[Reykjavík]], when [[Iceland]] joins [[NATO]].
*[[1959]] &ndash; [[14th Dalai Lama|Tenzin Gyatso]], the 14th [[Dalai Lama]], flees [[Tibet]] for [[India]].
*[[1961]] &ndash; The [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]] is signed in New York City.
*[[1965]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: A [[car bomb]] explodes in front of the [[Embassy of the United States, Saigon|United States Embassy, Saigon]], killing 22 and wounding 183 others.
*[[1967]] &ndash; [[Delta Air Lines Flight 9877]] crashes at [[Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport]], killing 19.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident Douglas DC-8-51 N802E New Orleans, LA |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19670330-0 |access-date=2022-03-29 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref>
*[[1972]] &ndash; Vietnam War: The [[Easter Offensive]] begins after [[North Vietnam]]ese forces cross into the [[Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone|Demilitarized Zone]] (DMZ) of [[South Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Head |first1=William P. |title=Dirty Little Secret in the Land of a Million Elephants: Barrel Roll and the Lost War |journal=Air Power History |date=2017 |volume=64 |issue=4 |pages=23–24 |jstor=26571062 |issn=1044-016X}}</ref>
*[[1976]] &ndash; [[Israeli–Palestinian conflict|Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]: in the first organized response against Israeli policies by a Palestinian collective since [[History of Israel|1948]], Palestinians create the first [[Land Day]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel/Israels-Arabs-to-mark-Land-Day|title=Israel's Arabs to mark Land Day|work=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com|access-date=2018-10-30}}</ref>
*[[1979]] &ndash; [[Airey Neave]], a British [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP), is [[Assassination of Airey Neave|killed by a car bomb]] as he exits the [[Palace of Westminster]]. The [[Irish National Liberation Army]] claims responsibility.
*[[1981]] &ndash; U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] is [[Attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan|shot in the chest]] outside a Washington, D.C., hotel by [[John Hinckley Jr.]]; three others are wounded in the same incident. 
*[[1982]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[STS-3]] mission is completed with the landing of ''[[Space Shuttle Columbia|Columbia]]'' at [[White Sands Missile Range]], [[New Mexico]].
*[[2002]] &ndash; The [[2002 Lyon synagogue attack|2002 Lyon car attack]] takes place.<ref name="CarsCrashThrough">{{cite news|title=Vandals crash cars through French synagogue|url=http://azdailysun.com/vandals-crash-cars-through-french-synagogue/article_a3a07e4c-8d84-55f4-9b2b-5b6bccaee9bb.html|access-date=8 August 2016|agency=AP|publisher=Arizona Daily Sun|date=30 March 2002}}</ref><ref name="WaveOfAttacks">{{cite news|title=Shooting in France in Wave of Anti-Jewish Attacks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/01/international/europe/01FRAN.html|access-date=8 August 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1 April 2002}}</ref><ref name=DiamondFirst>{{cite news|last1=Diamond|first1=Andrew|title=Weekend of anti-Semitism in France|url=http://www.jta.org/2002/04/01/life-religion/features/weekend-of-anti-semitism-in-france|access-date=8 August 2016|publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency|JTA]]|date=1 April 2002}}</ref><ref name="NornViolence">{{cite news|last1=Horn|first1=Heather|title=The Jewish School Shooting and Patterns of Violence|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/03/the-jewish-school-shooting-and-patterns-of-violence/254707/|access-date=8 August 2016|publisher=[[The Atlantic]]|date=19 March 2012}}</ref> 
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Cyclone Glenda]], one of the strongest [[tropical cyclone]]s in the [[Australia]]n region makes landfall near [[Onslow, Western Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Severe Tropical Cyclone Glenda |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/pdf/glenda.pdf |date=27–31 March 2006 |website=[[Bureau of Meteorology |Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology]]}}</ref> 
*[[2008]] &ndash; [[Drolma Kyi]] arrested by Chinese authorities.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-jun-08-fg-singer8-story.html|title=China silences Tibet folk singer Drolmakyi|journal=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=2008-06-09|last=Demick|first=Barbara|date=2008-06-08|format=}}</ref>
*[[2009]] &ndash; Twelve gunmen [[2009 Lahore police academy attack|attack the Manawan Police Academy in Lahore, Pakistan]].
*[[2011]] &ndash; [[Min Aung Hlaing]] is appointed as the [[Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services|Commander-in-Chief]] of [[Tatmadaw|Myanmar's armed forces]].<ref>[http://archive-2.mizzima.com/news/inside-burma/5090-new-commander-in-chief-of-defence-services-general-min-aung-hlaing.html "New commander in chief of defence services: General Min Aung Hlaing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053530/http://archive-2.mizzima.com/news/inside-burma/5090-new-commander-in-chief-of-defence-services-general-min-aung-hlaing.html|date=4 March 2016}}, Mizzima, 30 March 2011.</ref>
*[[2017]] &ndash; [[SpaceX]] conducts the world's first [[Reusable launch vehicle|reflight]] of an orbital class rocket.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/science/spacex-launches-a-satellite-with-a-partly-used-rocket.html|title=SpaceX Launches a Satellite With a Partly Used Rocket|last=Chang|first=Kenneth|date=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-39451401|title=Success for SpaceX 're-usable rocket'|last=Amos|first=Jonathan|date=31 March 2017|work=BBC News|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref>
*[[2018]] &ndash; The [[Israel Defense Forces|Israeli Army]] kills 17 [[Palestinians]] and wounds 1,400 in Gaza during [[Land Day]] [[2018–2019 Gaza border protests|protests]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Israeli forces kill 17 Palestinians on Land Day |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/3/31/israeli-army-kills-17-palestinians-in-gaza-protests |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2019]] &ndash; [[Pope Francis]] visits [[Morocco]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-13 |title=Dichiarazione del Direttore della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, Greg Burke |trans-title=Statement by the Director of the Holy See Press Office, Greg Burke |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/11/13/0839/01820.html |website=[[Holy See Press Office]] |language=it}}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; [[Donald Trump]] becomes the first former United States president to be [[Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York|indicted]] by a [[grand jury]].<ref>{{Cite web |first1=Kara |last1=Scannell|first2=John|last2=Miller|first3=Jeremy|last3=Herb|first4=Devan|last4=Cole |date=2023-03-30 |title=Donald Trump indicted by Manhattan grand jury |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/30/politics/donald-trump-indictment/index.html |access-date=2023-03-30 |website=CNN Politics |language=en}}</ref>