Editing March 11 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[843]] &ndash; [[Triumph of Orthodoxy]]: Empress [[Theodora II]] restores the [[veneration of icons]] in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] churches in the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref>Merriam-Webster (Jan 2000). ''Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions'', p. 231. {{ISBN|0-87779-044-2}}.</ref>
*[[1343]] &ndash; [[Arnošt of Pardubice]] becomes the last [[List of bishops and archbishops of Prague|Bishop of Prague]] (3 March 1343 [[Julian calendar|O.S.]]), and, a year later, the first Archbishop of Prague.<ref>{{cite book |editor-last1=Eubel |editor-first1=Konrad |editor1-link=Konrad Eubel |editor-last2=van Gulik |editor-first2=Wilhelm |editor-last3=Ehses |editor-first3=Stefan |editor-last4=Gaucaht |editor-first4=Patrick |editor-last5=Ritzler |editor-first5=Remigius |editor5-link=Remigius Ritzler |title=Hierarchia Catholica Medii Eevi, Sive Summorum Pontificum, S.R.E. Cardinalium, Ecclesiarum Antistitum. Series ab Anno 1198 Usque ad Annum 1431 |location=[[Regensberg]], [[Switzerland]] |publisher=Monasterii Sumptibus et Typis Librariae Regensbergianae |date=1898 |page=429 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KW0zAQAAMAAJ}}</ref>
*[[1387]] &ndash; [[Battle of Castagnaro]]: [[Padua]], led by [[John Hawkwood]], is victorious over [[Giovanni Ordelaffi]] of [[Verona]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nicolle |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-O6CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |title=European Medieval Tactics |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |year=2012 |isbn=9781849087407 |volume=2 |pages=39 |author-link=David Nicolle}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1641]] &ndash; [[Guaraní people|Guaraní]] forces living in the [[Jesuit reduction]]s defeat [[bandeirantes]] loyal to the [[Portuguese Empire]] at the [[Battle of Mbororé]] in present-day [[Panambí|Panambí, Argentina]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nickson |first1=R. Andrew |title=Historical Dictionary of Paraguay |date=17 June 2015 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-8108-7964-5 |page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ji-CQAAQBAJ&pg=PR27 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1649]] &ndash; The [[Frondeurs]] and the French government sign the [[Peace of Rueil]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Curelly |first1=Laurent |title=An Anatomy of an English Radical Newspaper: The Moderate (1648-9) |date=21 August 2017 |publisher=[[Cambridge Scholars Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-5275-0063-1 |page=222 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k8I3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA222 |language=en}}</ref> 
*[[1702]] &ndash; ''[[The Daily Courant]]'', England's first national daily newspaper, is published for the first time.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Facchinetti |first1=Roberta |last2=Brownlees |first2=Nicholas |last3=Bös |first3=Birte |last4=Fries |first4=Udo |title=News as Changing Texts: Corpora, Methodologies and Analysis |year=2015 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=978-1-4438-8554-6 |page=58 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSjXCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA58 |language=en |edition=Second}}</ref>
*[[1708]] &ndash; [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] withholds [[Royal Assent]] from the [[Scottish Militia Bill]], the last time a [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] monarch vetoes legislation.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Clyve |title=A Short History of Parliament: England, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, Ireland and Scotland |year=2012 |publisher=[[Boydell Press]] |isbn=978-1-84383-717-6 |page=147 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9sDVTsMGMMC&pg=PA147 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1784]] &ndash; The signing of the [[Treaty of Mangalore]] brings the [[Second Anglo-Mysore War]] to an end.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ellis |first1=Robert Hawkes |title=A Short Account of the Laccadive Islands and Minicoy |year=1992 |publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]] |isbn=978-81-206-0736-1 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eEaSwey4KIgC&pg=PA17 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1795]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Kharda]] is fought between the [[Maratha Confederacy]] and the [[Nizam of Hyderabad]], resulting in Maratha victory.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indianmilitaryhistory.org/battles/baji%20rao%20I%20at%20Kharda.htm |access-date=2012-05-29 |title=Archived copy |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304023221/http://www.indianmilitaryhistory.org/battles/baji%20rao%20I%20at%20Kharda.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[1845]] &ndash; [[Flagstaff War]]: Unhappy with translational differences regarding the [[Treaty of Waitangi]], chiefs [[Hōne Heke]], [[Kawiti]] and [[Māori people|Māori]] tribe members chop down the British flagpole for a fourth time and drive settlers out of [[Kororāreka]], New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |title=The sacking of Kororāreka - The Northern War &#124; NZHistory, New Zealand history online |url=https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/northern-war/sacking-kororareka |website=nzhistory.govt.nz |access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[1848]] &ndash; [[Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine]] and [[Robert Baldwin]] become the first Prime Ministers of the [[Province of Canada]] to be democratically elected under a system of [[responsible government]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Canada's forgotten independence day |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/canadas-forgotten-independence-day/article17414176/ |newspaper=[[The Globe and Mail]] |access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[1851]] &ndash; The first performance of ''[[Rigoletto]]'' by [[Giuseppe Verdi]] takes place in [[Venice]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Rigoletto &#124; opera by Verdi |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Rigoletto |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=8 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: The [[Constitution of the Confederate States|Constitution of the Confederate States of America]] is adopted.<ref>{{cite book |last1=DePriest |first1=Jon |title=American Crusades: The Rise and Fulfillment of the Protestant Establishment |date=15 November 2018 |publisher=[[Lexington Books]] |isbn=978-1-4985-7985-8 |page=80 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IXJ9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1864]] &ndash; The [[Great Sheffield Flood]] kills 238 people in [[Sheffield]], England.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Forgotten Flood: Sheffield's tragic past remembered |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-26478728 |website=[[BBC News]] |access-date=8 October 2020 |date=11 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[1872]] &ndash; Construction of the [[Seven Sisters Colliery]], [[South Wales]], begins; it is located on one of the richest coal sources in Britain.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Turner |first1=Robin |title=This is how the Welsh place you live got its name |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/fun-stuff/how-welsh-place-live-name-11278650 |website=[[WalesOnline]] |access-date=8 October 2020 |date=7 May 2016}}</ref>
*[[1879]] &ndash; [[Shō Tai]] formally abdicates his position of King of Ryūkyū, under orders from Tokyo, ending the [[Ryukyu Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Loo |first1=Tze May |title=Heritage Politics: Shuri Castle and Okinawa's Incorporation into Modern Japan, 1879–2000 |date=14 March 2014 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=978-0-7391-8249-9 |page=30 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NjsfAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA30 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1888]] &ndash; The [[Great Blizzard of 1888]] begins along the eastern seaboard of the United States, shutting down commerce and killing more than 400 people.<ref>{{cite web |title=Great Blizzard of 1888 &#124; United States history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Great-Blizzard-of-1888 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=8 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1892]] &ndash; The [[Saint-Germain bombing]] ushers France into the ''[[Ère des attentats]]'' (1892-1894).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Merriman |first=John M. |title=The dynamite club: how a bombing in Fin-de-Siècle Paris ignited the age of modern terror |title-link=The Dynamite Club |date=2016 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21792-6 |location=New Haven |pages=70-90}}</ref>

===1901–present===
*[[1917]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: [[Mesopotamian campaign]]: [[Fall of Baghdad (1917)|Baghdad falls]] to [[Anglo-Indian]] forces commanded by General [[Frederick Stanley Maude]].<ref>{{cite web |title=British capture Baghdad – 11 March 1917 &#124; Royal Engineers Museum |url=https://www.re-museum.co.uk/british-capture-baghdad-11-march-1917/ |website=[[Royal Engineers Museum]] |access-date=11 March 2021 |archive-date=3 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103165806/https://www.re-museum.co.uk/british-capture-baghdad-11-march-1917/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[1927]] &ndash; In New York City, [[Samuel Roxy Rothafel]] opens the [[Roxy Theatre (New York City)|Roxy Theatre]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Solomon |first1=Aubrey |title=The Fox Film Corporation, 1915-1935: A History and Filmography |date=10 January 2014 |publisher=[[McFarland & Company|McFarland]] |isbn=978-0-7864-8610-6 |page=92 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zospQ7o5u0oC&pg=PA92 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1941]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: United States President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] signs the [[Lend-Lease]] Act into law, allowing American-built war supplies to be shipped to the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] on loan.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Folly |first1=Martin |last2=Palmer |first2=Niall |title=The A to Z of U.S. Diplomacy from World War I through World War II |date=20 April 2010 |publisher=[[Scarecrow Press]] |isbn=978-1-4616-7241-8 |page=281 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-BUiM5yuNcEC&pg=PT281 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1945]] &ndash; World War II:  The [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] attempts a large-scale [[kamikaze]] attack on the [[United States Pacific Fleet|U.S. Pacific Fleet]] anchored at [[Ulithi]] atoll in [[Operation Tan No. 2]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Yeo |first1=Mike |title=Desperate Sunset: Japan's kamikazes against Allied ships, 1944–45 |date=26 December 2019 |publisher=[[Bloomsbury Publishing]] |isbn=978-1-4728-2943-6 |page=303 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l_PCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA303 |language=en}}</ref>
*  1945   &ndash; World War II: The [[Empire of Vietnam]], a short-lived Japanese [[puppet state]], is established.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Chieu |first1=Vu Ngu |title=The Other Side of the 1945 Vietnamese Revolution: The Empire of Viet-Nam (March-August 1945) |journal=[[The Journal of Asian Studies]] |date=1986 |volume=45 |issue=2 |pages=293–328 |doi=10.2307/2055845 |jstor=2055845 |s2cid=161998265 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2055845 |access-date=8 October 2020 |issn=0021-9118}}</ref>
*[[1946]] &ndash; [[Rudolf Höss]], the first commandant of [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], is captured by British troops.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Harding |first1=Thomas |title=Was my Jewish great-uncle a Nazi hunter? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/aug/31/german-jewish-nazi-hunter-auschwitz |website=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=8 October 2020 |date=31 August 2013}}</ref>
*[[1977]] &ndash; The [[1977 Hanafi Siege]]: Around 150 hostages held in Washington, D.C., by [[Hanafi]] Muslims are set free after ambassadors from three [[Islam]]ic nations join negotiations.<ref>{{cite web |title=40 Years Later: Remembering the Hanafi Siege That Paralyzed DC |url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/40-years-later-remembering-the-hanafi-siege-that-paralyzed-dc/38977/ |website=[[NBC4 Washington]] |date=9 March 2017 |access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[1978]] &ndash; [[Coastal Road massacre]]: At least 37 are killed and more than 70 are wounded when [[Fatah]] hijack an Israeli bus, prompting Israel's [[Operation Litani]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ruys |first1=Tom |last2=Corten |first2=Olivier |last3=Hofer |first3=Alexandra |title=The Use of Force in International Law: A Case-based Approach |year=2018 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-878435-7 |page=269 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EU9WDwAAQBAJ&q=Coastal+Road+massacre+11+march+1978&pg=PA269 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[1981]] &ndash; Hundreds of students protest in the University of Pristina in [[Kosovo]], then part of [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]], to give their province more political rights. The protests then became [[1981 protests in Kosovo|a nationwide movement]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Clark |first1=Howard |title=Civil Resistance in Kosovo |year=2000 |publisher=[[Pluto Press]] |isbn=978-0-7453-1569-0 |page=41 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OTW9XKUmrxsC&pg=PA41 |language=en}}</ref> 
*[[1982]] &ndash; Fifteen people are killed when [[Widerøe Flight 933]] crashes into the [[Barents Sea]] near [[Gamvik (village)|Gamvik]], Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 LN-BNK Gamvik |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19820311-0 |access-date=2022-05-30 |website=aviation-safety.net |publisher=[[Aviation Safety Network]]}}</ref> 
*[[1983]] &ndash; [[Bob Hawke]] is appointed [[Prime Minister of Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Bob Hawke: from the campaign trail to the world stage – a life in pictures |url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/gallery/2019/may/16/bob-hawke-from-the-campaign-trail-to-the-world-stage-a-life-in-pictures |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 October 2020 |date=16 May 2019}}</ref>
*[[1985]] &ndash; [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] is elected to the position of General Secretary of the Communist Party of the [[Soviet Union]], making Gorbachev the USSR's de facto, and last, head of state.<ref>{{cite web |title=1985: Gorbachev becomes Soviet leader |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/11/newsid_2538000/2538327.stm |website=BBC News |access-date=8 October 2020 |date=11 March 1985}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; [[Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania|Lithuania declares independence]] from the Soviet Union.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lithuania declares independence from USSR, 1990 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/lithuania-declares-independence-from-ussr-1990/z6fbbdm |website=[[BBC Archive]] |access-date=8 October 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
*  1990   &ndash; [[Patricio Aylwin]] is sworn in as the first democratically elected [[President of Chile]] since 1970.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lentz |first1=Harris M. |title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 |date=4 February 2014 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-1-134-26490-2 |page=164 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA164 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; The [[International Criminal Court]] holds its inaugural session in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2003 |title=World criminal court launched |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/europe/03/11/warcrimes.court.reut/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=CNN}}</ref>
*[[2004]] &ndash; [[2004 Madrid train bombings|Madrid train bombings]]: Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in [[Madrid]], Spain kill 191 people.<ref>{{cite news |title=2004: Madrid train attacks |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-14666717 |access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[2006]] &ndash; [[Michelle Bachelet]] is inaugurated as the first female president of Chile.<ref>{{cite news |last=Rohter |first=Larry |author-link=Larry Rohter |title=Chile Inaugurates First Woman to Serve as Its President |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/12/world/americas/chile-inaugurates-first-woman-to-serve-as-its-president.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=11 March 2021 |date=12 March 2006}}</ref>
*[[2009]] &ndash; [[Winnenden school shooting]]: Fifteen are killed and nine are injured before recent graduate Tim Kretschmer shoots and kills himself, leading to tightened weapons restrictions in Germany.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Noack |first1=Rick |title=7 other school shootings that shocked the world |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/12/16/7-other-school-shootings-that-shocked-the-world/ |newspaper=[[Washington Post]] |access-date=8 October 2020}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; Economist and businessman [[Sebastián Piñera]] is sworn in as [[President of Chile]]. Aftershocks of the [[2010 Pichilemu earthquakes]] hit central Chile during the ceremony.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chile rocked by biggest aftershock |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/11/chile-earthquake-biggest-aftershock-president-sebastian-pinera |website=The Guardian |access-date=8 October 2020 |date=11 March 2010}}</ref>
*[[2011]] &ndash; An [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|earthquake]] measuring 9.0 in magnitude strikes {{convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}} east of [[Sendai]], Japan, triggering a [[2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami|tsunami]] killing thousands of people. This event also triggered the [[Fukushima nuclear accident|second largest nuclear accident]] in history, and one of only two events to be classified as a Level 7 on the [[International Nuclear Event Scale]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011 &#124; Facts & Death Toll &#124; Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011#ref299861 |website=www.britannica.com |access-date=21 January 2023 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[2012]] &ndash; A U.S. soldier [[Kandahar massacre|kills 16 civilians]] in the [[Panjwayi District]] of [[Afghanistan]] near [[Kandahar]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Afghan massacre families' payout |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-17503733 |website=BBC News |access-date=7 October 2020 |date=25 March 2012}}</ref>
*[[2018]] &ndash; A [[Bombardier Challenger 600 series|Bombardier Challenger 604]] [[2018 Iran Bombardier Challenger crash|crashes]] into the [[Zagros Mountains]] near the Iranian city of [[Shahr-e Kord|Shar-e-kord]], killing all 11 people on board.<ref name="asn">{{cite web |title=Canadair Challenger Statistics |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/types/Canadair-CL-600-Challenger/statistics |accessdate=12 March 2018 |website=Aviation Safety Network}}</ref>
*[[2020]] &ndash; The [[World Health Organization|World Health Organization (WHO)]] declares the [[COVID-19]] [[SARS-CoV-2|virus]] [[epidemic]] a [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web |website=[[World Health Organization]] |url=https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 |title=WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020 |language=en |date=March 11, 2020 |access-date=March 14, 2020}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; [[President of the United States|US President]] [[Joe Biden]] signs the $1.9 trillion [[American Rescue Plan Act of 2021|American Rescue Plan]] into law.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/11/us/biden-signs-stimulus.html |title=A weekslong campaign to sell the stimulus bill to the American public begins tonight |date=March 12, 2021 |orig-date=March 11, 2021 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>
*[[2023]] &ndash; The [[Tatmadaw|Burmese military]] kills at least 30 villagers, including 3 [[Bhikkhu|Buddhist monks]], during the [[Pinlaung massacre]] in Shan State, [[Myanmar]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2023-03-13 |title=Junta forces kill 29, including three monks, in southern Shan State |url=https://myanmar-now.org/en/news/junta-forces-kill-29-including-three-monks-in-southern-shan-state |access-date=2023-03-14 |website=Myanmar NOW}}</ref>